ταινία (ασθένεια) → pork tapeworm (Taenia solium από το χορινό κρέας και Taenia saginata από το βοδινό κρέας)Πώς παθαίνουμε ταινία και ποια είναι τα συμπτώματά της;Με τον όρο ταινία εννοούμε την Tenia solium και γενικότερα τις ταινίες, σκουλήκια που αναπτύσσονται ως παράσιτα στο έντερο ανθρώπων και ζώων.
Οι ταινίες είναι ερμαφρόδιτες, έχουν και αρσενικά και θηλυκά όργανα αναπαραγωγής. Διαθέτουν όρχεις και ωοθήκες και γονιμοποιούνται διαδοχικά παράγοντας χιλιάδες γονιμοποιημένα αβγά τα οποία αποβάλλονται με τα περιττώματα. Ένας άνθρωπος μπορεί να προσβληθεί τρώγοντας ωμό ή ελάχιστα μαγειρεμένα κρέας που περιέχει σκουλήκια. Η Tenia solium προέρχεται από το χοιρινό, ενώ η Tenia saginata από το βοδινό κρέας. Τα εντερικά σκουλήκια είναι επιβλαβή για τον οργανισμό και προκαλούν διάφορες διαταραχές όπως αλλεργική ναυτία, απώλεια βάρους, νευρικότητα και κοιλιακούς πόνους. Είναι αρκετά διαδεδομένη στους ανθρώπους και θεραπεύεται με ειδική φαρμακευτική αγωγή που σκοτώνει τα παράσιτα. Η Tenia solium φτάνει ακόμη και τα οκτώ μέτρα μήκος.
http://www.focusmag.gr/articles/view-article.rx?oid=361646Taenia solium, also called the pork tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode in the family Taeniidae. It infects pigs and humans in Asia, Africa, the Philippines, South America, parts of Southern Europe, and pockets of North America. Like all cyclophyllid cestodes, T. solium has four suckers on its scolex ("head"). T. solium also has two rows of hooks. T. solium has a very similar life cycle to Taenia saginata,. Cysticerci has three morpholocially distinct types. The common one is the ordinary "cellulose" cysticercus which has a fluid filled bladder that is 0.5cm to 1.5 cm in length and an invaginated scolex. The intermediate form has a scolex while the "racemose" has no evident scolex but are believed to be larger and much more dangerous. They are 20cm in length and have 60ml of fluid and 13% of patients might have all three types in the brain. Though humans usually serve as a definitive host, eating infected meat, fostering adult tapeworms in the intestine, and passing eggs through feces, sometimes a cysticercus (a larva sometimes called a "bladder worm") develops in the human and the human acts like an intermediate host. This happens if eggs get to the stomach, usually as a result of contaminated hands, but also of vomiting. Cysticerci often occur in the central nervous system, which can cause major neurological problems like epilepsy and even death. The condition of having cysticerci in one's body is called Cysticercosis, and is discussed in its own article.
Eggs can be diagnosed only to the family (biology) level, but if a proglottid's uterus is stained with India ink, the number of visible uterine branches can help identify the species: unlike the Taenia saginata uteri, T. solium uteri have only five to ten uterine branches on each side.
Infection with T. solium adults is treated with niclosamide, which is one of the most popular drugs for adult tapeworm infections, as well as for fluke infections. As cysticercosis is a major risk, it is important to wash one's hands before eating and to suppress vomiting if a patient may be infected with T. solium. If Neurocysticercosis occurs the drug of choice is Praziquantel. This drug damages the parasites skin internally causing it to disintegrate and is then removed by the host's immune system.
Infection may be prevented with proper disposal of human feces around pigs, cooking meat thoroughly, and/or freezing the meat at -10oC for 5 days. Most cases occur because infected food handlers contaminate the food.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taenia_solium