In Plato's Theaetetus, 142b, we find
Ζῶντι καὶ μάλα μόλις· χαλεπῶς μὲν γὰρ ἔχει καὶ ὑπὸ τραυμάτων τινῶν, μᾶλλον μὴν αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ τὸ γεγονὸς νόσημα ἐν τῷ στρατεύματι
what is the καὶ doing in ἔχει καὶ ὑπὸ ? I know it doesn't have to mean "and" but it doesn't seem to serve any other function either; by its placement it cannot mean "suffering from wounds AND disease"