τῷ τὸν βασιλέᾱ μὴ θῦσαι: "By means of the king not sacrificiing ..," "Because of the king not sacrificing ..." Literally, "by the the king not to sacrifice ..."
τῇ θεῷ: again, JM, feminine singular. "Goddess" could be either first declension (θεά) or second declension (θεός), preceded in either case by the feminine article ἡ.
ἐϰεϰώλῡτο: third person singular, pluperfect passive indicative: "had been prevented."
εἰρήνην ἤγομεν: "we were keeping/enjoying peace."