ἔγνω < γιγνώσκω -- 3rd. sing. aorist ind. active
φώρ -- sing. m. nom. "thief"
φῶρα -- sing. acc. "theif"
τε... καὶ -- shows parallelism; "both... and"
λύκος -- sing. nom. "wolf"
λύκον -- sing. acc. "wolf"
The question might be "well why is ἔγνω an aorist" -- to which I reply (perhaps incorrectly): it is the gnomic aorist
Thus: ἔγνω δὲ φώρ τε φῶρα καὶ λύκος λύκον
"a thief [φώρ] recognises [ἔγνω] a thief [φῶρα] and a wolf [λύκος] a wolf [λύκον]"
the "τε... καὶ" helps to show that "ἔγνω" goes with both pairs of thief/thief and wolf/wolf, hence why there is no need to write out a verb for "λύκος λύκον"