Τhe Greeks had a word for it, an outline of the attestation, distribution and variability of Non-Indo-European vocabulary in Ancient Greek, from Homer to Byzantium
From the Homeric poems to the fall of Byzantium, the ancient Greek literature has enlarged the Greek vocabulary, which has become an agglomerate of words. Greek dictionaries do not contain sufficient information to understand the status, the age and the use of these words. Greek words of Indo-European origin have been widely studied since the late eighteenth century, but little is known about words of non-IndoEuropean or unknown origin. This thesis therefore maps the Greek vocabulary, focussing on the non-Indo-European part of it. It contains some 1800 words, divided between thirteen semantic categories, which were judged as non-IE by a collation of the standard etymological dictionaries. Of these I have recorded the attestations (from Homer to the thirteenth century AD). Then I (1) collected all their spelling variants, (2) mapped their distribution through literature, lexicography, papyri and inscriptions, (3) traced their chronological distribution, (4) recorded their linguistic status, (5) and documented internal and external comparata that may help to identify their origin. Finally, I identified patterns in attestation, distribution and variability and synthesised the results of this survey.
| Greek | English |
| ἄβαγνα‡ | rose (Macedonian): ῥόδα Μακεδόνες |
| ἀβάθων‡ | teacher (Cypriot): διδάσκαλος Κύπριοι |
| ἄβαξ (antiq.) ~ ἀβάκιον (dim.; freq.) ~ ἀββάκιον (Xp) ~ ἀμάκιον‡ (Laconian ap. Hsch.) | slab, board (for calculating, drawing, playing games, etc.) |
| ἁβαριστάν‡ (acc. s.) | girl who has entered puberty (Cypriot): γυναικιζομένην, καθαιρομένην καταμηνίοισ. Κύπριοι |
| ἀβαρταί‡ (nom. pl.) | winged animals, i.e. birds (Cypriot): πτηναί. Κύπριοι |
| ἀβαρύ‡ | oregano (Macedonian): ὀρίγανον Μακεδόνες (Hsch.) |
| ἀβάς‡ | epilepsy (Tarentinian): ἱερὰ νόσος παρὰ Ταραντίνοις |
| ἀβήρ‡ | house with magazines or with porticos (Laconian): οἴκημα στοὰς ἔχον, ταμεῖον Λάκωνες |
| ἀβίλλιος‡ | wine: οἶνον |
| ἄβιν‡ (acc. s.) | Abies alba; Pinus Laricio: ἐλάτην, οἱ δὲ πεύκην (Hsch.) |
| ἀβλαβύνιον‡ | papyrus rope (Egyptian): σειρὰ πλεκομένη παρ’Αἰγυπτίοις ἐκ βύβλων, κάθαρσιν ποιοῦσα |
| ἄβλαροι‡ ~ βδαροί‡ | woods: ξύλα; trees: δρύες, δένδρα |
| ἀβοίβλαβον‡ | lily, Lilium candidum; Martagon lily, Lilium Martagon (African): κρίνον βασιλικόν [...] Ἄφροι; ἡμεροκαλλές [...] Ἄφροι; |
| ἄβουτον‡ | doom, destruction, death (Argive): τὴν οὐλίαν Ἀργεῖοι |
| ἀβραμίς ~ ἀβραβίδων (gen. pl.; SB 18.13593) | a kind of mullet (salted in Egypt) |
| ἀβράνας‡ (acc. pl.) | long-tail ape (Celtic): Κελτοὶ τοὺς κερκοπιθήκους |
| ἀβρανίδας‡ (acc. pl.) | saffron-coloured clothes (worn by effeminate men) (Laconian): κροκωτούς Λάκωνες |
| ἄβρομον‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανον (Hsch.) |
| ἀβρότονον ~ ἁβρότονον | wormwood, Artemisia arborescens |
| ἅβρυνα ~ ἄβρυνα‡ (Hsch.) [pl.] | mulberry |
| ἀβυρτάκη | (Median or foreign) sauce of leek, cress (Lepidium sativum) and pomegranate (cfr. Ael. Dion. α 8); bitter sauce of cress, mustard (Sinapis alba) and garlic (cfr. EM 5) |
| ἀγαθίς | ball of thread, clew |
| ἀγάλαλα‡ | armlet, bracelet περιχειρίδιον |
| ἀγάλοχον | eagle-wood, Aquilaria malaccensis |
| ἀγάννα ~ λαχάννα‡ | chariot |
| ἄγγαρος | courier for carrying royal dispatches (in Persia); labourer, servant: ἐργάτης, ὑπηρέτης, ἀχθοφόρος (Hsch.) |
| ἄγγελος | messenger; angel |
| ἄγγος | vessel to hold liquids (e.g. milk, wine); casket; urn; coffin; conatiner |
| ἄγγουρα‡ ~ ἄγγορα‡ (Hsch.) | grape, berry; bunch of grapes: ῥᾶξ, σταφυλή (Hsch.) |
| ἄγγουρος‡ | a kind of cake |
| ἄγδυς‡ | Cretan vessel: ἄγγος Κρητικόν |
| ἀγερρακάβος‡ ~ ἀγράκαβος‡ ~ ἀγγεράκομον‡ | bunch of grapes: σταφυλή (Hsch.) |
| ἀγέτρια‡ | good mother (form of address to old women) (Tarentinian): μαῖα Ταραντηνοί |
| ἄγλις | clove of garlic |
| ἄγλυ‡ | swan (Scythian): ὁ κύκνος, ὑπὸ Σκυθῶν |
| ἄγνος | chaste tree, Vitex agnus- castus |
| ἀγνύς | loom stones |
| ἄγον‡ | endive, Chichorium endivia (Egyptian): σέρις ἥμερος […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἄγον |
| ἀγονουχί‡ | chicory, Cichorium Intybus (Egyptian): σέρις ἀγρία […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἀγονουχί |
| ἀγόρ‡ | eagle (Cypriot): ἀετός Κύπριοι |
| ἀγριβρόξ‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανον (Hsch.) |
| ἄγριππος (Laconian) ~ ἄγριφος‡ (Olympian ap. Hsch.) | wild olive (Laconian and Olympian): Λάκωνες γὰρ τὴν ἀγρίαν ἐλαίαν [...] καλοῦσι (Diogenian.); γένος τι ἀγρίας ἐλαίας Ὀλυμπίασιν (Hsch.) |
| ἄγχουρος (AP) ∼ τάγχαρας (Cosm. Ind.; OGIS 199) ∼ τάγχουρος‡ (Persian ap. Sch. in Theoc.) | gold |
| ἀγχοῦρος‡ | dawn (Cypriot) |
| ἄγχουσα ~ ἔγχουσα (Attic) ~ λακχά (Bolus) | alkanet, Anchusa tinctoria (used as a red dye) |
| ἀδαλός‡ | soot (Macedonian): ἄσβολος |
| ἄδδαι‡ (pl.) | chariot poles (Macedonian): ῥυμοὶ, ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων |
| ἄδδιξ | unit of dry measure (four χοίνικεσ) |
| ἀδῆ‡ | sky (Macedonian): οὐρανόσ. Μακεδόνες |
| ἀδιγόρ‡ | grasshopper; locust (Scythian): τρωξαλλίς, ὑπὸ Σκυθῶν |
| ἄδμωες (pl. tant.; antiq.) ~ ἄδμωνες (pl. tant.) | a sea fish (fort. turbot): συακίοις (Sch. in Opp.) |
| ἀδοριού‡ | pepperwort, Lepidium latifolium (Syriac) λεπίδιον […] σύροι ἀδοριού |
| ἀδρυφιός | eagle (Persian): παρὰ Πέρσας ὁ ἀετὸς |
| ἀζήν (beard; Phrygian) ~ ἀψήν (beard, face; infreq.) ~ ἀψίον‡ (Hsch.) | beard; face |
| ἀημητον‡ (acc. s.) | stage dagger (Tarentinian): συσπαστὸν ἐγχειρίδιον, παρὰ Ταραντίνοις |
| ἀθραγένη | Clematis vitalba |
| ἄθρας‡ | chariot (Rhodian): ἅρμα. Ῥόδιοι |
| αἰβάλη | door: θύρα |
| αἴγειρος | black poplar |
| αἴγιθος | a kind of bird (fort. linnet) |
| ἀιγίλωψ | kind of oak |
| αἰγίποψ‡ | eagle (Macedonian): ἀετὸς ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων |
| αἴγλη ~ αἴγλα (Doric) | light (of sun, moon); gleam |
| αἰγυπιός | vulture; a kind of eagle |
| αἰγωλιός ~ αἰγώλιος | small owl (fort. Strix flammea) |
| αἶρα | axe; hammer: ἀξίνη (Hsch.) |
| αἶρα ~ ἔρρα‡ (Hsch.) | darnel, Lolium temulentum |
| αἴσακος | branch of myrtle or laurel |
| αἰσάλων ~ αἰσάρων‡ (Hsch.) | a kind of hawk (fort. merlin, Falco aesalon colombarius) |
| αἰσοί‡ (nom. pl.) | gods (Etruscan): θεοί, ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν |
| ἀκακαλίς ~ ἀκακαλλίς ~ κακαλία‡ ~ κακαλίς‡ ~ κακκαλία | gall of the Tamarix; Narcissus; Withania somnifera; Mercurialis tormentosa |
| ἀκακία | acacia, Acacia arabica; Genista acanthoclada; |
| ἀκαλανσίρ‡ | goldfinch (Laconian): ἀκανθυλλίς, παρὰ Λάκωσιν |
| ἄκαρνα‡ | laurel: δάφνη (Hsch.) |
| ἄκαστος‡ | Olympian maple, Acer monspessulanum: σφένδαμνος (Hsch.) |
| ἀκατίς | millipede |
| ἄκατος ~ κατώτιον‡ (dim.; pap.) | light vessel, boat; boat- shaped cup; life-boat |
| ἀκέανος (freq.) ~ ἀκέαννος (antiq.) | kind of leguminous vegetable: τὰ ἐν τοῖς φακοῖς στρογγύλα καὶ δυσκάτακτα ὄσπρια (Ael. Dion.) |
| ἀκερσίλα‡ | myrtle, Myrtus communis (Sicel) : μυρσίνη. Σικελοί |
| ἄκινος ~ ἄκονος | wild basil, Calamintha graveolens; Lat. ocimastrum: Ῥωμαῖοι ὠκιμάστρουμ (Dsc.) |
| ἀκοστή ~ ἀγοστή‡ ~ κοσται‡ (Hsch.) | barley (Thessalian; Cypriot): κριθή, παρὰ Κυπρίοις (Hsch.), Θεσσαλοὶ ἀκοστὰς τὰς κριθάς φασιν (Sch. in Hom.); food: πάσας τὰς τροφὰς παρὰ Θεσσαλοῖς ἀκοστὰς λέγεσθαι (Eust.) |
| ἀκρέα‡ | female child, girl (Macedonian): παῖς θήλεια. Μακεδόνεσ; epythet of Athena and Aphrodite: ἡ Ἀθηνᾶ. καὶ ἡ Ἀφροδίτη |
| ἄκριστιν‡ (acc. s.) (fort. *ἄκρηστην) ~ ἀκρηστής‡ | cook; female slave cook (Phrygian): πέπτριαν. ἀλετρίδα. Φρύγεσ; slave: δοῦλος |
| ἄκροι‡ | slaves: δοῦλοι |
| ἀκτίς | ray, beam of light; brightness |
| ἀκυλέης‡ | eagle: ἀετός |
| ἀκυλλόν‡ | genitals (Lydian): τὸ αἰδοῖον. Λυδοί |
| ἀκχάνθαρ‡ | couch (Laconian): κράββατοσ. Λάκωνες |
| ἅλα‡ | wine (Cypriot): οἶνος Κύπριοι |
| ἀλάβαστρος (antiq.; freq.) ~ ἀλάβαστρον (infreq.) ~ ἀλάβαστος | vase with no handles to store perfumes |
| ἀλάβη ~ ἄλαβα‡ (ink) | embers: ἄνθρακεσ; coal (Cypriot): μαρίλη; λιγνύσ: murky fire; wood-ash: σποδόσ; black ink: μέλαν ᾧ γράφομεν; [Hsch.] |
| ἄλαξ‡ | forearm (Athamanian): πῆχυς, Ἀθαμάνων |
| ἄλγος | pain |
| ἄλεισον | drinking cup (with two handles) |
| ἀλίβας ~ ἀλύβας (lexic.) ~ λυβάντων‡ (gen. pl. ← *λύβασ) | dead body, corpse; dead wine, i.e. vinegar |
| ἄλιζα‡ | white poplar, Populus alba (Macedonian): ἡ λεύκη τὸ δένδρον. Μακεδόνες (Hsch.) |
| ἀλίη‡ | boar, pig (Macedonian): κάπροσ. Μακεδόνες |
| ἄλισμα | water-plantain, Alisma Plantago |
| ἄλιψ‡ | rock: πέτρα |
| ἀλκυών ~ ἁλκυών (err.) ~ ἀλκυδὼν (infreq.; lexic.) ~ ἁλκυδών (err.) ~ αὐκυόνα‡ (Cretan acc. in Hsch.) | kingfisher, Alcedo ispida |
| ἀλκύωρον‡ | hunting-net: λίνον θηρευτικόν |
| ἀλλᾶς | sausage |
| ἄλλιξ ~ γάλλικα (acc. s. ← nom. s. *γάλλιξ; Thessalian; Suid., Ps.- Zonar.) | mantle (Thessalian ap. Et. Gen., Suid.): sleeved tunic: χιτὼν χειριδωτός (Hsch.); purple cloak: χλαμύδα, πορφύραν (Hsch.) |
| ἄλμα | (sacred) grove |
| ἀλόη ~ ἁλωή | Aloe |
| ἄλουα‡ | gardens (Cypriot): κῆποι. Κύπριοι |
| ἄλσος | grove |
| ἁμάδεα (pl.) | a kind of fig (Cretan): Ἑρμῶναξ δ’ ἐν Γλώτταις Κρητικαῖς σύκων γένη (Hermonax ap. Ath.) |
| ἁμαζανίδες‡ (pl.) | apples: μηλέαι (Hsch.) |
| ἄμαλλος‡ | partridge (Polyrrhenian, Cretan): πέρδιξ. Πολυῤῥήνιοι |
| ἁμάμαξυς | vine trained on two poles; vine growing up on trees: ἄμπελον ἀναδενδράδα (Hdn.) |
| ἀμαμιθάδες | a kind of relish made with finely chopped meat for seasonings: ἥδυσμά τι σκευαστὸν διὰ κρεῶν εἰς μικρὰ κεκομμένων δι’ἀρτυμάτων (Hsch.) |
| ἀμανῖται | kind of mushrooms |
| ἀμάνορες (pl.) | small bscess; boils (Elean): δοθιῆνεσ. Ἠλεῖοι |
| ἀμάνορες‡ (nom. pl.) | furuncles, boils (Elean): δοθιῆνεσ. Ἠλεῖοι |
| ἀμάρα ~ ἀμάρη | trench, channel |
| ἀμάρακον ~ ἀμάρακος | oregano, Origanum Majorana |
| ἀμαρασαι‡ (nom. pl.) | sows, female pigs: αἱ σῦς |
| ἄμβιξ | spouted cup; alambic |
| ἀμείνασις | mint: (Pergean, Pamphylian) ἡδύοσμον ὑπὸ Περγαίων |
| ἄμης | a kind of cake (with milk) |
| ἀμία (antiq.) ~ ἀμίας | a kind of tunny |
| ἄμιθας | a kind of meat and seasoning: ἔδεσμα ποιόν, καὶ ἄρτυμα, ὡς Ἀνακρέων (Hsch.) |
| ἀμίλλακαν‡ (acc. s.) | wine (Theban): οἶνον. Θηβαῖοι |
| ἀμίλλυκα‡ | sickle (Elean): δρέπανον. Ἠλεῖοι |
| ἀμόρα ~ ἀμορβίτης (Sicel; Ath.) ~ ἀμοργίτας‡ (Hsch.) | sweet honey cake |
| ἀμοργίς ~ ἄμοργις | stalks of mallow, Malva silvestris: λινοκαλάμη (Sch. in Ar.) |
| ἄμοργμα‡ ~ ἀρμόγαλα‡ (neut. pl.) | condiment, seasoning (Tarentinian): ἀρτύματα |
| ἀμουζεγαράφ‡ | sorrel, Rumex acetosa (African): ὀξυλάπαθον [...] Ἄφροι ἀμουζεγαράφ |
| ἀμουτίμ‡ | patience, Rumex (African): λάπαθον […] Ἄφροι ἀμουτίμ. |
| ἄμπελος | grape vine, Vitis vinifera; climbing plant with tendrils |
| ἄμπελος‡ | seashore (Cyrenian): Κυρηναῖοι δὲ αἰγιαλός |
| ἀμπρόν ~ ἄμπρον | rope (for drawing loads): τὸ τεταμένον σχοινίον, ᾧ ἐχρῶντο ἀντὶ ῥυμοῦ (Hsch.) |
| ἄμπυξ ~ ἄμφυξ (lexic.) | diadem; horse's bit; rim of a wheel |
| ἀμυγδάλη (fruit) ~ ἀμυγδαλῆ (plant) | almond (plant and fruit): ἀμυγδάλη, 'almond'; ἀμυγδαλῆ, 'almond plant' (Ammon. 33; Phot. α 1286) |
| ἄμυσσος‡ | whale, sea-monster (Laconian): κῆτοσ. Λάκωνες |
| ἀμφίας ~ ἄμφης‡ | wine-scum: οἴνου ἄνθος (Hsch.); black wine: μέλανα οἶνον (Hsch.); a bad wine (in Sosicr.): οἶνος ὁ φαῦλος καλεῖται παρὰ σωσικράτει (Ath.); mediocre wine: μέτριος οἶνος (Suid.) |
| ἄμωμον | black cardamom, Amomum sublatum; frankincense: ὁ λιβανωτός (Hsch.) |
| ἀναγαλλίς (freq.) ~ ἀγαλλίς (antiq.) ~ ἀγαλλιάς‡ (Nic.) ~ ἀναβαλλίδα‡ (acc. s. ← *ἀναβαλλίσ; Hsch.) | scarlet pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis; Plantago crassifolia (Hsch.); hyacinthine: ἀγαλλίσ· ὑάκινθος ἢ θρυαλλὶς ἢ ἀναγαλλίς (Hsch.); dwarf iris, Iris attica (LSJ) |
| ἀνάγυρος ~ ἀνάγυρις | Anagyris foetida |
| ἀναιμόδιτον‡ | Portulaca oleracea: ἡ ἀνδράχνη (Hsch.) |
| ἄναξ ~ ϝάναξ (infreq.; inscr.) ~ βάννας‡ (Italiot, Hsch.) | lord, ruler; king |
| ἄνδας‡ | Boreas, north-wind (Etruscan): βορέας, ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν |
| ἄνδηρον ~ ἄνδειρον (infreq.) | raised bank; dyke |
| ἀνδράχνη ~ ἀνδράχλη (Attic [Phot. 279.533a]) ~ ἄνδραχνος | Portulaca oleracea; Sedum stellatum |
| ἀνεμώνη ~ ἀμώνας‡ (acc. pl.) (Aeolic) | Anemone |
| ἄνηθον ~ ἄννηθον ~ ἄνητον (Aeolic) ~ ἄννητον | dill, Anetum graveolens |
| ἄνθετοι‡ | freed slaves, freed men (Tarentinian): ἀπελεύθεροι, παρὰ Ταραντίνοις |
| ἀνθίας | uncertain kind of fish (fort. Anthias) |
| ἄνθραξ ~ κάνδαρος‡ (Hsch.) | charcoal; precious stone of dark-red colour (carbuncle, ruby, garnet, etc.) |
| ἀνθρήνη (antiq.) ~ ἀθρήνη (infreq.; recent. lexic.) [bee]; τενθρηδών (freq.) ~ πεμφρηδών (infreq.) ~ ἀνθρηδών (DS, Hsch.) [wasp] | bee; wasp (with its nest in the earth or hollow oaks); |
| ἄνθρυσκον ~ ἀνθρίσκιον‡ (Hsch.) ~ ἀνθρίσκος‡ (Poll.) ~ ἄνθρησκα‡ (Ps.- Zonar.) ~ ἔνθρυσκον ~ ἄνθροισκα | chervil, Scandix australis |
| ἄννησον ~ ἄνησσον ~ ἄννησσον | Pimpinella Anisum |
| ἄνορ‡ | mind (Scythian): νοῦς, ὑπὸ σκυθῶν |
| ἀνσατήρ‡ | gland or groin (Laconian): βουβών. Λάκωνες |
| ἀντακαῖος | a kind of sturgeon (found in the river Dnepr) |
| ἄνταρ‡ | eagle (Etruscan): ἀετός, ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν |
| ἄντλος | bilge-water |
| ἄντρον | cave; den |
| ἀξίνη | axe, double-axe: δίστομος πέλεκυς (Hsch.) |
| ἄξος‡ | forest, wood (Macedonian): ὕλη, παρὰ Μακεδόσιν |
| ἄοζος | servant, attendant (esp. of a temple); cook: μάγειροι. ὑπηρέται. θεράποντεσ. ἀκόλουθοι (Hsch.) |
| ἄορον‡ | door bolt; gateway; porter (Cypriot): μοχλόν. πυλῶνα. θυρωρόν. Κύπριοι |
| ἀπάπ‡ | pellitory, Parietaria (Egyptian): ἑλξίνη [...] Αἰγύπτιοι ἀπάπ |
| ἀπαργία‡ | unknown plant; hawk's- beard, Crepis Columnae (LSJ 179) |
| ἀπαρίνη | Galium aparine; dodder, Cuscuta europaea: ὀροβάκχη (Hsch.) |
| ἀπαφίνιον‡ | stone kneading-trough (Laconian): Λάκωνες κάρδοπον λιθίνην |
| ἀπέλλον‡ | black poplar: αἴγειρος (Hsch.) |
| ἀπήνη ~ ἀμανὰν‡ (acc. s; Hsch.) ~ καπάνη (Thessalian; Xenarch., Ath.) ~ λαμπήνη ~ πήνα‡ (Hsch.) | four-wheeled wagon |
| ἄπιος (plant) ~ ἄπιον (fruit) | pear-tree, Pyrus communis |
| ἄππιρ‡ | race starting point (Laconian): ὕσπληξ. Λάκωνες |
| ἀπροξίς (translit. LSJ) ~ aproxis (Plin. NH 24.158) | fort. dittany, burning bush, Dictamnus albus |
| ἄρακιν (acc. s. ← *ἄρακισ) | bowl, pan (Aeolic ap. Ath.): φιάλην, καὶ ἀράκτην (Hsch.) |
| ἄρακος ~ ἄραξ (pap.) | wild chickling, Lathyrus annuus |
| ἄρακος‡ | hawk, falcon (Etruscan): ἱέραξ. Τυῤῥηνοί |
| ἀρασχάδες‡ | last year (vine) twigs: τὰ περυσινὰ κλήματα (Hsch.) |
| ἀράχνη | spider; spider's web |
| ἀρβάλη‡ | earthen pan (Tarentinian): τήγανον ὀστράκινον. Ταραντῖνοι |
| ἄρβηλος | semicircular knife (of cobblers) |
| ἀρβίννη‡ | flesh, meat (Sicel): κρέασ. Σικελοί |
| ἀρβίννη‡ | meat (Sicel): κρέασ. Σικελοί |
| ἀρβύλη ~ ἁρμύλη (lexic.) ~ ἄρμυλα‡ (Cypriot ap. Hsch.; nom. pl. ← nom. s. *ἄρμυλον) ~ ἀρβυλίς (infreq.) | strong ankle boot (used by country people, hunters, travellers); leather sole; sandal (cheap and foreign): ὑποδήματος εἴδη φορτικὰ καὶ βαρβαρικά (Hsch.) |
| ἀρβυλίδα‡ (acc. s. ← nom. s. *ἀρβυλίσ) | oil-jug (Laconian): λήκυθον. Λάκωνες |
| ἄργελλα‡ (Suid.) ~ ἄργαλα‡ (Ps.-Zonar.) | a kind of Macedonian dwelling, in which those who are warm bathe: οἴκημα Μακεδονικὸν, ὅπερ θερμαίνοντες λούονται (Suid.); οἴκημα Μακεδονίας, ὃ θερμαίνοντες ἐν αὐτῷ λούονται (Ps.-Zonar.) |
| ἄργιλος | mouse (Thracian): ὑπὸ Θρᾳκῶν ὁ μῦς (St. Byz.) |
| ἄργιλος (freq., antiq.) ~ ἄργιλλος | white clay, kaolinite |
| ἀρέσχαι‡ | vine twigs; bunches of grapes |
| ἀρία | coast live oak, Quercus Ilex agrifolia (Doric) |
| ἄριζος‡ | tomb (Cypriot): τάφοσ. Κύπριοι |
| ἀριήλ‡ | lion (Hebrew): λέων (Hsch.) |
| ἀρίς | bow-drill |
| ἀρίσαρον | hooded arum, Arisarum vulgare |
| ἀριώθ‡ | lioness (Syriac): ἡ λέαινα, ὑπὸ σύρων |
| ἀρκάνη‡ | bar (to which the threads of the warp are fastened in the loom): τὸ ῥάμμα, ᾧ τὸν στήμονα ἐγκαταπλέκουσι διαζόμεναι |
| ἄρκευθος ~ ἄργετος‡ (Cretan) | juniper: Juniperus macrocarpa; Juniperus phoenicea |
| ἀρκήλα‡ | porcupine, hedgehog (Cretan): ζῷον. Κρῆτες τὴν ὕστριχα |
| ἀρκόν‡ (acc. s.) | rest, leisure (Macedonian): σχολήν. Μακεδόνες |
| ἄρκυς | net, hunter's net |
| ἀρμακίας‡ (acc. pl.) | magazines or porticos: στοάς |
| ἁρμαλά | rue, Ruta graveolens |
| ἄρξιφος‡ | eagle (Persian): ἀετός, παρὰ Πέρσαις |
| ἄρον ~ †ἀρωνία‡ (Phaen.) | Arum italicum |
| ἄρπισαι‡ (nom. pl.) | walls; ditches: αἱμασιαί. ἢ τάφρους (Hsch.) |
| ἄρπυν‡ (acc. s.) | love (Aeolic): ἔρωτα. Αἰολεῖς |
| ἀρραβών ~ ἀραβών (infreq.) ~ ἄρφα‡ (Hsch) ~ ἀρχά‡ (Hsch.) | caution-money, deposit |
| ἄρσακες‡ | kings (Persian): οἱ βασιλεῖς Περσῶν |
| ἀρσενικόν (freq., antiq.) ~ ἀρρενικόν | yellow orpiment |
| ἄρτιφος‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανον (Hsch.) |
| ἀρύβαλλος ~ ἀρύβαλος‡ (Eust.) ~ ἀρύβαλον‡ (Et. Gud.) | bag; flask |
| ἀρφύτνον‡ | quoit, disk (Lydian): ὁ δίσκος, ὑπὸ Λυδῶν |
| ἄρωμα | condiment, seasoning; aromatic plant |
| ἀσάμινθος | bath tub |
| ἄσαρον | Asarum Europaeum; Cyclamen hederaefolium |
| ἀσβόλη (freq., antiq.) ~ ἄσβολος | soot |
| ἀσίδα ~ ἄσις | stork; heron; ostrich: στρουθοκάμηλον (Ps.- Zonar.) |
| ἄσιλλα | man yoke (for carrying baskets) |
| ἀσίρακος (Dsc.) ~ ἀσείρακος (Gal.) | wing-less locust: ἀκρὶς τρωξαλλὶς [..] ἄπτερος […] καὶ μεγαλόκωλος |
| ἀσκάλαβος‡ | small shark: γαλεός |
| ἀσκαλαβώτης (freq., antiq.) ~ ἀσκάλαβος (infreq.) ~ σκαλαβώτης (infreq.) ~ καλαβώτης | spotted lizard; gecko |
| ἀσκάλαφος ~ κάλαφος‡ (Magnesian, Thessalian ap. Hsch.) | a kind of owl (fort. Eurasian eagle-owl, Bubo bubo) |
| ἀσκάντης | mattress |
| ἀσκαρίς | worm in the intestines |
| ἄσκαρος | castanet: κρόταλα (Hsch.) |
| ἀσκέρα ~ ἄσκαρος‡ | winter shoes |
| ἀσκός ~ ἀκκόρ (Lac., Hsch.) | animal skin, hide; leather bag |
| ἄσκρα‡ | oak with no fruits (i.e. young oak): δρῦς ἄκαρπος (Hsch.) |
| ἄσκυρον ~ σκύρον | St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum |
| ἀσοήθ‡ | plantain, Plantago (Egyptian): ἀρνόγλωσσον […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἀσοήθ |
| ἀσοῦρ | mixing vessel, bowl (Phoenician): κρατήρ, ὑπὸ Φοινίκων |
| ἀσουρήκ‡ | rocket, Eruca sativa (African): εὔζωμον […] Ἄφροι ἀσουρήκ |
| ἀσπάλαθος | a kind of spinous shrub: Alhagi maurorum; Calycotome villosa; Genista acanthoclada |
| ἄσπαλος | fish (Athamanian ap. Hsch.): ; τοὺς ἰχθύασ. Ἀθαμᾶνες |
| ἄσπρις‡ | Turkey oak, Quercus Cerris |
| ἀστάλη‡ | excrescence in the nostrils: πολύπους ὁ ἐν μυκτῆρι |
| ἀστάνδης ~ ἀσκάνδης‡ (Hsch.) | messenger (Persian): γραμματοφόροσ. Περσικὴ ἡ λέξις (Ael. Dion.) |
| ἀσταφίς ~ σταφίς ~ ὀσταφίς (Attic) | dried grapes, raisins (s. tantum) |
| ἀστιρκόκ‡ | plantain, Plantago (African): ἀρνόγλωσσον […] Ἄφροι ἀστιρκόκ |
| ἀσύφη | cinnamon: μαλάβαθρον (Dsc.) |
| ἀσφαλός‡ | a kind of bird: ἐνθυσκόσ· ὁ ἀσφαλός, τὸ ὄρνεον |
| ἄσφαλτος | asphalt, bitumen |
| ἀσφόδελος ~ σφοδελός‡ (Ar. in Hdn.) ~ σφόδελος‡ (Hsch.) | asphodel, Asphodelus ramosus; flowery mead |
| ἀσφός‡ | black horehound, Ballota nigra (Egyptian): Αἰγύπτιοι ἀσφός |
| ἀσχέδωρος‡ | wild boar (Italian): ὁ σύαγρος, παρὰ Ἰταλοῖς |
| ἀσχίον‡ | Lycoperdon giganteum (mushroom) |
| ἀταδίμ‡ | a kind of pricky plant (African), either Cnicus or Rhamnus or Cirsium (used to heal shingles and erysipelas): ῥάμνος [...] Ἄφροι ἀταδίμ |
| ἀταισόν‡ | vine that grows up trees (Etruscan): ἀναδενδράσ. Τυῤῥηνοί |
| ἀτάλυμνος | plum tree, Prunus domestica |
| ἀτειρνοιχλάμ‡ | cuckoo-pint, Arum italicum (African): ἄρον […] Ἄφροι ἀτειρνοιχλάμ |
| ἀτιρσιττή‡ | hartshorn, Plantago Coronopus (African): κορωνόπους […] Ἄφροι ἀτιρσιττή |
| ἄτμενος ~ ἀτμήν | slave, servant |
| ἄτρακτος ~ ἀτράκτιον (dim.) | spindle; arrow |
| ἀτράφαξυς (freq.) ~ ἀδράφαξυς (freq.) ~ ἀδράφαξις (antiq., Hp.) ~ ἀνδράφαξυς ~ ἀνδράφαξις ~ ἀτράφαξις ~ ἀτράφυξις ~ ἀτράφαξ‡ (Ps.-Gal.) ~ ἀνδράφαξ‡ (Ps.-Dsc.) | orach, Atriplex rosea |
| ἀτταγᾶς ~ ἀτταβυγάς‡ (Hsch.) | francolin, Tetrao orientalis |
| ἀττάκης (antiq.) ~ ἄττακος | a kind of locust |
| ἄττανα‡ (nom. pl. ← *ἄττανον) | frying pans: τήγανα |
| ἀττάραγος | crumb; morsel of bread |
| ἀττέλαβος | edible locust |
| ἀττηγός | male goat (Ionic): Ἰωνικοὶ δέ τινες καὶ ἀττήγους καλοῦσιν ἡλικίαν τινὰ τῶν ἀρρένων (Ar. Byz.) |
| ἄτωρ‡ | manna ash, Fraxinus Ornus (Egyptian): ἡ μελία, ὑπὸ Αἰγυπτίων |
| ἄτωρ‡ | manna ash, Fraxinus Ornus (Egyptian): ἡ μελία, ὑπὸ Αἰγυπτίων |
| αὐκήλως‡ | dawn, morning (Etruscan): ἕως, ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν |
| αὐλωπίας | a large fish, similar to ἀνθίας (fort. Serranus gigas) |
| αὐροί (nom. pl.) | hares |
| αὐροσχάς | vine twigs; a kind of wine |
| ἀφάκη | vetch, Vicia sativa |
| ἀφαρεύς | belly fin of the female tunny: τοῦ θήλεος θύννου τὸ ὑπὸ τῇ γαστρὶ πτερύγιον (Hsch.) |
| ἀφάρκη | evergreen tree; strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo |
| ἀφία‡ | lesser celandine, Ranunculus ficaria |
| ἀφίας | altar: βωμός |
| ἄφλαστον | curved poop of a ship |
| ἀφόν‡ | garlic (Egyptian): σκόρδιον [...] Αἰγύπτιοι ἀφόν |
| ἄφρισσα‡ | swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum officinale: ἀσκληπιάς |
| ἀχαίνη ~ ἀχαίνον (ἄρτον) | a kind of large loaf (baked by women at the Thesmophoria) |
| ἀχάλιον‡ | marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis |
| ἀχαρνώς (antiq.; freq.) ~ ἀχάρνας‡ (Arist.) ~ ἄχαρνος (Arist.; Ath.) ~ ἀχάρνα‡ (Hsch.) ~ †ἀχέρλα‡ (Hsch.) ~ ἀκάρναξ‡ (Hsch.) | a kind of fish (fort. λάβραξ, 'sea bass'): ἀκάρναξ· λάβραξ (Hsch.) |
| ἀχάτης | agate |
| ἀχέλουρις‡ | a kind of shepherd (Tarentinian): ποίμην τις, παρὰ Ταραντίνοις |
| ἄχερδος ~ ἀγέρδα‡ (Hsch.) | wild pear, Pyrus amygdaliformis: ἄπιοσ. ὄγχνη (Hsch.) |
| ἀχερωίς | white poplar, Populus alba |
| ἀχραδάμυλα‡ | snail (Tarentine): ὁ κοχλίασ. Ταραντίνοις |
| ἀχράς | wild pear |
| ἄχυρον ~ ἄχυρος ~ ἀχυρός | chaff |
| ἄχωρ | dead skin; dandruff |
| ἀψίνθιον ~ ἄψινθος | wormwood, Artemisia Absinthium |
| ἀών | a kind of fish (fort. a sea fish): ἀόνες φάγροι τε λάβρακές τε (Epich. Ap. Ath.) |
| βαβάκκαρις‡ | woman (Rhodian): Ῥοδίαν γυναῖκα (Phot.) |
| βάβαλον ~ βάμβαλον‡ (Phrygian; Hsch.) | genitals: αἰδοῖον |
| βάβρηκες (pl. tant.) | gums of the teeth |
| βαβρήν‡ | sediment of olive oil (Macedonian): ὑπόστασις ἐλαίου, κατὰ Μακεδόνας (Hsch.) |
| βαβύας | mud, earth: βόρβορος, πηλός |
| βαβύρτας‡ | foolish man: ὁ παράμωρος |
| βάγαρον‡ (acc. s.) | warm (Laconian): χλιαρόν. Λάκωνες |
| βαδάς ~ βάτας‡ (Tarentinian; Hsch.) | male prostitute, lewd man: κίναιδος |
| βαῖβυξ (Philet. ap. Hsch.) ~ βαυβυκᾶνας‡ (Amer. ap. Hsch.) ~ βαυβυκᾶνες (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ βαύβυκος‡ (Amer. ap. Hdn.) | pelican, Pelecanus |
| βαίτη ~ βαίτα (Doric) | a portable tent of shepherds and peasants made of animal skins: δερμάτινον ἔνδυμα, ὅπερ ἔνιοι σισύραν· ἔνιοι δὲ σκηνὴν δερματίνην· οἱ δὲ διφθέραν (Hsch.) |
| βαίτιον | pennyroyal, Mentha pulegium: ἤγουν γλήχωνι (Hsch.) |
| βαῖτυξ | leech: βδέλλα |
| βαιών (antiq.) ~ βαίων | a worthless fish |
| βάκανον | cabbage (plant in pap., seed in lit.) |
| βάκηλος | effeminate man: γυναικώδησ; eunuch, castrated man: ὁ ἀπόκοπος, [...] γάλλοσ; hermaphrodite: ἀνδρόγυνοσ; big man: ὁ μέγασ; foolish man: ἀνόητος [Hsch.] |
| βάκκαρις ~ βακκάριον (Hp., Phot.) ~ βαβάκκαρις‡ (Phot.) ~ βάκχαρις (plant; infreq.) | unguent made from βάκχαρις (i.e. ἄσαρον: hazelwort, Asarum europaeum) |
| βάκται‡ (nom. pl.) | strong men: ἰσχυροί |
| βάκχαρ ~ βάκχαρι (Aret.) | hazelwort, Asarum europaeum |
| βάκχαρις | sowbread, Cyclamen hederaefolium |
| βάκχυλος | bread baked in hot ashes (Elean) |
| βαλανεῖον ~ βαλανῆια‡ (Epich.) | warm bath, bathroom |
| βάλαρες‡ (nom. pl.) | effeminate, homosexual people (Boeotian): οἱ μαλακοί, βανά γὰρ γυνὴ παρὰ Βοιωτοῖς |
| βάλαρις‡ ~ βάλλαρις | oyster-green, Ulva Lactuca: βρύον θαλάσσιον (Dsc.); Lychnis/Silene coronaria: λυχνὶς στεφανωματική (Dsc.) |
| βαλαύστιον | flower of the wild pomegranate |
| βαλβίς | rope drawn across the race-course at the starting and finishing- point |
| βάλερος ~ βάλαγρος‡ | a kind of carp |
| βαλήν ~ βαλλήν | king (Phrygian ap. Hsch.; Thurian ap. Sch. in A.) |
| βαλίς‡ | wild fig: σίκυς ἄγριος |
| βᾶλλαι‡ (nom. pl.) | steps; thresholds (Cypriot): βαθμοί, ὑπὸ Κυπρίων |
| βαλλάντιον (antiq.) ~ βαλάντιον (freq.) | purse, bag |
| βάλλεκα‡ (fort. acc. s. ← *βάλληξ) | stone, pebble: ψῆφον |
| βαλμός | breast, chest: στῆθος (Hsch.) |
| βαλόν‡ (acc. s.) | sky: οὐρανόν |
| βάλσαμον | balsam-tree, Balsamodendron Opobalsamum |
| βάμβαλον | winter coat: χειμερινὰ ἱμάτια (Hsch.); βάμβαλον· ἱμάτιον (Hsch.); Babylionian: ἱμάτιον Βαβυλώνιον (Phot.) |
| βάμβαξ ~ πάμβαξ ~ παμβακίς (AP, Suid.) ~ παμβρακίς (Eudem.) ~ βάμβηκα (Ps.-Gal.) ~ βάμβικα (Ps.-Gal.) ~ βάμβυκα (Prodromen.) ~ βάμβυκος (Ps.-Caesar.) ~ βαμβάκιον (later) | cotton, Gossypium (the plant, its bolls and the fabric) |
| βάνισος‡ | a kind of incense: εἶδος θυμιάματος |
| βαννάται‡ ~ βάννατροι‡ | sloped and winding roads (Tarentinian): αἱ λοξοὶ καὶ μὴ ἰθυτενεῖς ὁδοὶ παρὰ Ταραντίνοισ. τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ βάννατροι |
| βανοί‡ | arts, crafts: τέχναι |
| βανούς‡ | rounded hills: ὄρη στρογγύλα (Hsch.) |
| βανωτός ~ βανώτιον (dim.; pap.) | vase used as a measure |
| βάρα‡ | disease causing headache (Laconian): νόσημά τι καρηβαρικόν [...] Λάκωνες |
| βάρα‡ (nom. pl.) | animals (Laconian): θρέμματα. Λάκωνες |
| βάρακος | a briny-water fish |
| βάραξ ~ βήρηξ ~ βήραξ‡ | a kind of cake; previously kneaded dough for cakes |
| βάρβαξ | hawk (Libyan): ἱέραξ, παρὰ Λίβυσι |
| βάρβιτος ~ βάρμιτος (Aeolic, lexic.) | string musical instrument |
| βαρβός | spoon (in the Thesmophoriazusae): μύστρον ἐν Θεσμοφοριαζούσαις (Hsch.) |
| βάριχοι‡ (Hsch.) ~ ϝάριχος‡ (IvO 5) | lambs (Elean?): ἄρνες (Hsch.) |
| βάρκα‡ | genitals (Tarentinian): αἰδοῖον, παρὰ Ταραντίνοισ; pin, bolt: περόνη |
| βαρύες‡ | trees: δένδρα (Hsch.) |
| βάσανος | touchstone; test, trial; inquiry by torture |
| βασιλεύς | king |
| βασκάς (Ar., Hsch.) ~ βοσκάς (Arist., Hsch.)~ φασκάς (Alex. Mynd., Hsch.) | a kind of duck |
| βασσάρα ~ βάσσαρος (lexic.) ~ βασσάρη (recent. lexic.) | fox (Cyrenean and Libyan); fox fur dress of Thracian bacchantes: χιτῶνας βασσάρας (A.); prostitute; bacchante |
| βαστά‡ (neut. pl.) | sandals (Italiot): ὑποδήματα. Ἰταλιῶται (Hsch.) |
| βασυνίας | a kind of (sacrificial) cake (from Hecate, near Delos) |
| βάταλος ~ βάτταλος (lexic.) | male prostitute, lewd man; disgusting, shameful; effeminate man; rump (ap. Eup. ap. Plu., Harp.) |
| βατίς | a flat fish (fort. skate or ray) |
| βάτος | blackberry, Rubus |
| βάττικες‡ | women (Boeotian): γυναῖκεσ. Βοιωτοί |
| βαυκαλὶς (antiq.) ~ βαύκαλις ~ dim.: βαυκάλιον (freq.) ~ καυκάλιον (antiq.) | vessel for cooling wine; (dim.): narrow-necked vessel (that gurgles when the liquid is poured out) |
| βαῦνος ~ βαυνός (infreq., antiq.) ~ βαύνη‡ (Hsch.) | furnace |
| βδαλοί‡ (nom. pl.) | garfish, sea needle, Belone acus: ῥαφίδες θαλάσσιαι |
| βδέλλιον | juice of the Balsamodendrum africanum |
| βέβροξ‡ | good, right, virtuous: ἀγαθός, χρηστός, καλός |
| βεβρός ~ βεμβρός‡ | stupid man |
| βεικάδες‡ (pl.) | skins of animals, who died due to a disease (Laconian): · δέρματα θρεμμάτων νόσῳ θανόντων. Λάκωνες |
| βείριξ‡ ~ βέρκιος‡ (Laconian) | deer: ἔλαφος |
| βεκός | bread (Phrygian) |
| Βελέβατος‡ | the fire star (fort. planet Venus) (Babylonian): ὁ τοῦ πυρὸς ἀστήρ. Βαβυλώνιοι |
| βέλλιρ‡ | fresh cheese (Laconian): τρυφαλίσ. Λάκωνες |
| βελλούνης‡ | hawk (Laconian): τριόρχησ. Λάκωνες |
| βεμβράς ~ μεμβράς ~ βεβράδα‡ (acc. s.; Hsch.) ~ βαμβραδών | a kind of small fish (either anchovy, sprat or smelt): ἀθερίνην (Hsch.) |
| βέρβερι | pearl (Indian): μαργαρίτην λίθον, ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἰνδοὶ (Eust.) |
| βερίκοκκον ~ βερικόκκιον (Artemid., Gp.) | apricot |
| βερκνίς‡ | locust: ἀκρίς |
| βέσκεροι‡ (nom. pl.) | breads (Laconian): ἄρτοι, ὑπὸ Λακώνων |
| βῆκα‡ | climbing vine: ἀναδενδράς |
| βήκη‡ | she-goat: χίμαιρα |
| βήλημα | barrier; river bank (Laconian): κώλυμα. φράγμα ἐν ποταμῷ. Λάκωνες |
| βηρίχαλκον‡ | fennel (Laconian): τὸ μάρανθον. Λάκωνες |
| βησσασά‡ | rue, Ruta graveolens (Syriac): πήγανον [...] βησσασά σύροι |
| βίβλινος ~ βιμβλίνος | a variety of Thracian wine and vine: εἶδος οἴνου καὶ γένος ἀμπέλου ἐν Θρᾴκῃ (Hsch.); old wine: καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς οἴνος (Hsch.) |
| βιζακίον | small stone, pebble |
| βῖκος ~ βεικούς‡ (acc. pl.; Hsch.) | jar, cask |
| βιλλεσαδέ‡ | hypocist, Cytinus hypocistis (African): ὑποκισθίς ἑτέρα [...] Ἄφροι βιλλεσαδέ |
| βίλλος ~ βιλλίν (acc. s.; Ephesian) | penis: τὸ ἀνδρεῖον αἰδοῖον, τὸ κοινῶς βιλλίν παρὰ Ἐφεσίοις |
| βίολα (nom. pl.) | sandals: πέδιλα, ὑποδήματα |
| βιοῤῥός‡ | slavery: δουλεία |
| βίρρη‡ | fire-tongs; pruning hook: πυράγρα, οἱ δὲ δρέπανον |
| βίσβης‡ | pruning hook for vines (Messapian): δρέπανον ἀμπελοτόμον λέγουσι Μεσάπιοι. |
| βλαγίς‡ | stain, blemish (Laconian): κηλίσ. Λάκωνες |
| βλαστός ~ βλάστη ~ βλαστά (pl.; Nic., Hsch.) | shoot |
| βλαυτή ~ βλαῦδες‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) | sandal, slipper |
| βλέτυες‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ βλέτυς‡ (fort. nom. s.; Hdn.) ~ βλῖτυξ‡ (Hdn.) | leech: βδέλλα |
| βλῆραι‡ (pl.) | nettles: αἱ κνίδαι (Hsch.); pulse stalk: τῶν ὀσπρίων τὴν καλάμην (Hsch.) |
| βληστάς‡ | scorpion: ὁ χερσαῖος σκορπίος |
| βλῆχνον ~ βλάχνον ~ βλῆχρον ~ βλάθρον | male fern, Aspidium feilix-mas: πτέρις (Phaen.) |
| βλήχων (Attic) ~ βλῆχρος ~ βληχώνη (Et. Gud.) ~ βλησκούνη ~ βλησκούνιον vs. γλήχων (Ionic, antiq.) ~ γλάχων (Doric and Boeotic) | pennyroyal, Mentha Pulegium |
| βλικάς | fig leaf: σύκου φύλλον (Hdn.) |
| βλίτον ~ βλῆτον (infreq.) | purple amaranth, Amaranthus Blitum |
| βόαξ (antiq.) ~ βόηξ (Ionic) ~ βῶξ (freq.) | bogue, Box boops |
| βοιββά‡ | mallow, Malva silvestris (African): μαλάχη ἀγρία χερσαία […] Ἄφροι βοιββά |
| βομβοία‡ | pickled olive (Cypriot): ἡ κολυμβὰς ἐλαία, παρὰ Κυπρίοις |
| βόμβυξ | silk worm; buzzing insect, humble-bee: βομβύλιος (Hsch.) |
| βόρβορος | mud, earth |
| βορσόν‡ (acc. s.) | stake; pile (Elean): · σταυρόν. Ἠλεῖοι |
| βόστρυχος ~ βότρυχος (infreq.) | curl, lock of hair |
| βότις | a fish |
| βότρυς | bunch of grapes |
| βοῦα‡ | goup of children (for military training) (Laconian): ἀγέλη παίδων. Λάκωνες |
| βουάκραι‡ | palms (Laconian): οἱ φοίνικες, ὑπὸ Λακώνων |
| βουβάλιον | bracelet |
| βουβάλιον ~ βουβάλιος (Gal.) | wild cucumber: σίκυς ἄγριος (Dsc.), ἄγριος σικυὸς παρὰ Ἱπποκράτει (Hsch.) |
| βουβών | groin; (pl.) glands; swollen gland |
| βουκανῆ | a kind of Anemone (Cypriot): ἀνεμώνη τὸ ἄνθοσ. Κύπριοι |
| βουνός | hill, mound; heap |
| βουσή‡ | female slave: δούλη |
| βουσία‡ | turnip, Brassica Rapa (Thessalian): γογγυλίδι ὅμοιον. Θετταλοί |
| βούτη (antiq.) ~ βοῦτις ~ βοῦττις vs. βουτίον ~ βούττιον ~ βωτίον‡ (Hsch.) [dim.] | vessel in the shape of the frustum of a cone |
| βουτοί‡ (nom. pl.) | places where the dead lied (Egyptian): τόποι παρ’ Αἰγυπτίοις, εἰς οὓς οἱ τελευτῶντες τίθενται |
| βούτρωκτον‡ | bitter vetch, Vicia Ervilia: ὄροβον (Hsch.) |
| βοῶναι (pl.) | houses: οἰκίαι; country houses: ἀγροικίας |
| βραβύλη‡ | scarlet wind-flower, Anemone fulgens: ἀνεμώνη ἡ φοινικῆ |
| βράβυλον (fruit; Rhodian and Sicilian, ap. Clarch. in Ath.) ~ βράβυλος (plant) | sloe, Prunus spinosa |
| βράγχος ~ βράγχη (infreq.) | hoarseness |
| βράθυ | savin, Juniperus Sabina; a kind of plant offered to the gods πόα τις θεοῖς θυομένη (Hsch.) |
| βράκανα | wild herbs |
| βράκετον‡ | sickle: δρέπανον: pruning-knife: κλαδευτήριον |
| βράκος‡ | reed: κάλαμος (Hsch.) |
| βράσκη‡ | cabbage, Brassica cretica (Italiot): κράμβη. Ἰταλιῶται (Hsch.) |
| βρατάναν‡ (acc. s.; Elean) ~ ῥατάναν‡ (acc. s.) | ladle: τορύνην |
| βρένθιξ | lettuce (Cypriot): θριδακίνη. Κύπριοι |
| βρένθος ~ βρίνθος‡ (Arist.) | a water bird; blackbird: κόσσυφον (Hsch.) |
| βρέτας | wooden image of a god |
| βρεχού‡ | lupine, Lupinus albus (Egyptian): θέρμος ἥμερος [...] Αἰγύπτιοι βρεχού |
| βρίγκος | a fish |
| βρικοί‡ (nom. pl.) | oppressed, burdened, loaded: πονηροί |
| βρικόν‡ (acc. s.) | donkey (Cyrenian): ὄνον, Κυρηναῖοι |
| βροκός‡ | stupid (pan-Hellenic): μωρόσ· Ἕλληνες |
| βρόμος ~ βόρμος (Hdn.) ~ βόρμοξ (Hdn.) | oats, Avena sativa |
| βροῦλος‡ | watery plant: πόα ἔνυδρος (Hsch.) |
| βροῦχος (freq.) ~ βροῦκος (antiq.) ~ βρεῦκος‡ (Hsch.; Cretan) ~ βρόκοι‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ βρούκαν‡ (acc. s.; Hsch.; Tarantinian) | locust; grasshopper; locust's wingless larva |
| βρυγκός‡ | mute; dead: ἄφωνος, νεκρός |
| βρύθακες‡ ~ βρυτιγγοί‡ [nom. pl.] | silken tunics: χιτῶνες βομβύκινοι; tunics: χιτῶνες |
| βρύκαιναι‡ (pl.) | priestesses (Doric): ἱέρειαι. ὑπὸ Δωριέων |
| βρυνχόν‡ (acc. s.) | lyre (Thracian): κιθάραν. Θρᾷκες |
| βρύσις | hooded crow: κορώνη |
| βρύσσος ~ βρύττος (Attic) ~ ἀβρυτοί‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ ἄμβρυττος (Hsch., Phot.) ~ ἄμβρυτοι‡ (nom. pl.; Phot.) | a kind of sea urchin |
| βύβλιοι‡ | tomb guards (Cypriot): οἱ τῶν τάφων φύλακες, παρὰ Κυπρίοις |
| βύβλος (antiq.) ~ βίβλος (freq.) | papyrus, Cyperus Papyrus (plant, bark, fibre, paper and books) |
| βυθός | the depth (especially of the sea) |
| βύνη | malt for brewing |
| βύνη‡ | pine, Pinus Laricio: πεύκη (Hsch.) |
| βύριον ~ βαύριον (EM, Et. Sym.) ~ βαυρία (EM, Et. Sym.) | house (Messapian): [...] κατὰ Μεσαπίους [...] τὴν οἰκίαν (EM) |
| βυρρός‡ | dung-beetle (Etruscan): κάνθαροσ. Τυρρηνοί |
| βύρσα ~ βύρση | skin stripped off, hide |
| βύσσος | flax, Linum usitatissimum; linen |
| βύτανα (nom. pl.) ~ βρύτανα (nom. pl.) | knuckles: κονδύλοι |
| βυττός‡ ~ μυττός‡ ~ μύρτος‡ | female genitals |
| βωβός | disabled: πηρόσ; lame: χωλούς |
| βωληνή‡ | a kind of Bithynian vine: ἄμπελος ἐν τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ |
| βωλίνας‡ (acc. pl.) | huts: καλιάσ; brick- houses: πλινθίνας οἰκίας |
| βῶλος | lump of earth |
| βωρίδιον (dim.; Orib.; POxy. 34.2728) ~ βωρεῖς‡ (nom. pl. ←*βωρεύσ) ~ βωρειδείων‡ (dim.; PCollYoutie 2.84) | pickled mullet |
| βῶροι | eyes: ὀφθαλμοί |
| γάβαθον‡ (Hsch.) ~ ζάματος‡ (Paphian, Cypriot; Hsch.) ~ κάβαθα‡ (nom. pl.; UPZ 1.149) ~ ζαμάτιον (dim.; Hsch., Ps.-Zonar.) | shallow plate; cup, bowl, dish: τρυβλίον; platter of fish: πίναξ ἰχθυηρὸς |
| γάβενα‡ (pl. ← *γάβενον) | saucers: ὀξυβάφια; bowls: τρυβλία |
| γάγγαμον (antiq.) ~ γαγγάμη ~ γαγγάμα ~ γωγγάμη‡ (Hsch.) ~ γαγκάμαις (dat. pl.; Sch. in Opp.) | small round net (esp. for catching oysters): ἐν ᾧ οἱ ἁλιεῖς συνάγουσι τὰ ὄστρεα (Hsch.) |
| γάγγλιον | encysted tumour on tendon, ganglion cyst; nerve-knot, ganglion |
| γαγίλα‡ | jackdaw, Corvus monedula or Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius: |
| γάδειρα‡ | fence, enclosure (Phoenician): τὰ περιφράγματα. Φοίνικες |
| γαδή‡ | box: κιβωτός |
| γάδος | a fish of the cod family (hake, Merluccius vulgaris): ὄνος |
| γαθία‡ | small sausage |
| γαθουονίμ‡ | sow thistles, Sonchus agrestis (African): σόγκος τραχύς [...] Ἄφροι γαθουονίμ |
| γαιάδας‡ | people (Laconian): ὁ δῆμος, ὑπὸ Λακώνων |
| γαλαγγὰ ~ γαλαγκάς‡ (Ps.-Gal.) | galingale, Alpinia officinarum |
| γάλας‡ | earth: γῆ, παρὰ Εὐκλίτῳ (fort. corr. Εὖκλος <ὁ χρησμολόγοσ>) |
| γαλεός | dog-fish or small shark |
| γάλινθοι ~ γέλινθοι ~ γέρινθοι‡ (Hsch.) ~ γάλιθοι‡ (Hsch.) | chickpeas: ἐρέβινθοι |
| γαλλερίας ~ χελλαρίης | a sea-fish of the gadus or cod kind: γάδον |
| γάλλια | intestines: ἔντερα |
| γανῖται‡ | lavish, extravagant men: δάπανοι; morally abandoned men: ἄσωτοι |
| γάνος ~ γάνεα‡ | garden (Cypriot): ὑπὸ δὲ Κυπρίων, παράδεισος (EM), κήπους (Hsch.), παράδεισος (Hsch.) |
| γάπος‡ | vehicle, chariot (Etruscan): ὄχημα. Τυῤῥηνοί |
| γάργα‡ | poplar: αἴγειρος (Hsch.) |
| γάρκαν‡ (acc. s.; Macedonian ap. Hsch.) ~ γάρρα‡ | rod: ῥάβδος |
| γάρνον | iron part of the nave of a wheel: τὸ ἔσω τῆς πλήμνης σιδήριον, ὃ τὸν ἄξονα τρίβει (Hsch.) |
| γάρος ~ γάρον | fish sauce |
| γαυλός (freq.) ~ γαῦλος | round vessel: milk-pail; bowl; bucket; Phoenician vessel |
| γέλγις | head of garlic |
| γέλενος‡ | asphodel, Asphodelus; daffodil, Narcissus: ἀσφοδελόσ. νάρκισσος (Hsch.) |
| γεμπύλους‡ (acc. pl.) | young tunnies: τοὺς ἰχθύς, τὰς πηλαμύδας |
| γεντιανή | gentian |
| γεργέριμος | fruit ripened on the tree (olives, figs, etc.) |
| γέργυπες‡ | the dead: νεκροί |
| γέφυρα ~ γεφύρα (infreq.) ~ γεφύρη (infreq.) ~ βέφυρα (Boeotian) ~ δέφυρα (Cretan) ~ δίφουρα (Laconian) ~ βλέφυρα (Theban, ap. Ath.) | dyke; limits; causeway; bridge |
| γέωνα‡ | sow (Laconian): ὓς θηλεία. Λάκωνες |
| γηγῆλιξ‡ ~ γήλιγρος‡ | wild mouse: γηγῆλιξ, γήλιγροσ· ὁ ἄγριος μῦς |
| γήθυον ~ γήτειον ~ γηθυλλίς (dim.) ~ γαθυλλίς (Doric) | onion, Allium Cepa |
| γιγάρουμ‡ | cuckoo-pint, Arum italicum (Etruscan): ἄρον […] Θοῦσκοι γιγάρουμ |
| γιγαρτίς‡ | dried grapes, raisins: σταφίς (Hsch.) |
| γίγαρτον | grape-stone; olive-stone |
| γιγγίς | a kind of turnip |
| γίγγλιαν‡ (acc. s.) | woollen hood: κάλυμμα κεφαλῆς ἐρεοῦν |
| γίγγλος‡ | dwarf: νᾶνος |
| γίγγλυμος ~ γίγλυμος (infreq.) ~ γυγγλυσμός (Melet. Med.) | hinge, joint, pivot |
| γίγγρας ~ γίγγρος (antiq.) ~ γίγγρον‡ (Hsch.) | kind of flute |
| γιλός‡ ~ κελλάς‡ | one-eyed person: ἑτερόφθαλμοσ; μονόφθαλμος |
| γίννος (antiq.) ~ γῖνος‡ (IG 12,1.677) ~ νίννον‡ (acc. s.; Hsch.) ~ ἴννος ~ ὕννος‡ (Hsch.) | offspring of mare by mule; pony; small mule; hinny; workhorse |
| γλάνον‡ (Arist.) ~ γάννον‡ (Phlp.) | hyena |
| γλαρίς | chisel |
| γλαύξ ~ γλαῦξ (Attic) | little owl, Athene noctua |
| γλεῖνος | Cretan maple, Acer creticum |
| γνίς‡ | crane, Grus cinerea (Etruscan): γέρανοσ. Τυρρηνοί |
| γνοτέρα‡ | black horehound, Ballota nigra |
| γνόφος ~ δνόφος (antiq., infreq.) | darkness |
| γνύθος | pit; hollow: τὸ κοῖλον τῆς πέτρας καὶ ὁ βόθρος (Hdn.); |
| γνύθος‡ | border, boundary (Phoenician): τὸ ὅριον. Φοίνικες |
| γόγγρος | conger eel, Conger conger |
| γόδατος‡ | chase, hunting: θήρα |
| γοίδ | Coriandrum sativum (African): κορίαννον [...] Ἄφροι γοίδ (Dsc.) |
| γοῖτα‡ | sheep: οἶς |
| γολύριον‡ | sheath; case; shell (Tarentinian): κέλυφοσ. οἰκεῖον Ταραντίνοις |
| γόμνη‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανον (Hsch.) |
| γονώνη‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανος (Hsch.) |
| γόργυρα (freq.) ~ γέργυρα (antiq.; Alcm.; fort. Doric) ~ γοργύρη (infreq.) ~ κορχυρέαν‡ (acc. s.; inscr.; IG 9,1.692) | pit, hollow in the ground; underground drain, sewer; dungeon |
| γοτάν‡ (acc. s. ← nom. s. *γοτά) | pig (Macedonian): ὗν. Μακεδόνες |
| γουνός | hill, high ground |
| γούντη‡ | tomb (from Phrygia) |
| γοῦρος | a kind of cake |
| γραψαῖοι (pl.) | crabs: κάραβοι |
| γρυμέα (freq., antiq.) ~ γρυμαία ~ γρυμεῖα (Phryn. Att.; Et. Gud.) | bag for old clothes; trash |
| γρυνός | torch, firebrand; fagot |
| γρύψ ~ γρύφς (inscr.) ~ γρυβός‡ (Hsch.) ~ γρῦνος‡ (Hsch.) | griffin |
| γυάλας (Megarian ap. Philet.) ~ γυλλάς‡ (Macedonian; Hsch.) ~ ὑάλας (pap.) | drinking cup |
| γυλιός | long-shaped wallet; backpack |
| γυπόν‡ (acc. s. mas.) | big, large: μακρόν |
| γύργαθος (freq.) ~ γυργαθός | wicker basket |
| γῦρις | finest wheat flour |
| γύψ | vulture |
| γύψος | chalk; cement |
| γῶπας‡ (acc. pl. ← *γώψ) | jackdaw, Corvus monedula (Macedonian): κολοιούσ. Μακεδόνες |
| δαβούλ‡ | bear (Chaldean): ἡ ἄρκτοσ. Χαλδαῖοι |
| δαγύς | wax puppet (used in magic rites) |
| δάκτυλος | finger |
| δάκτυλος | date, Phoenix dactylifera |
| δάμνος‡ | horse (Etruscan): ἵπποσ. Τυῤῥηνοί |
| δανδαλίδαι‡ | female slaves (Tarentinian): αἱ δοῦλαι. Ταραντῖνοι |
| δάος‡ | wolf (Phrygian): ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν λύκος |
| δάρειρ‡ (Hdn.) ~ δάριρ (Hsch.) | span, i.e. distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger (Arcadian): σπιθαμήν. Ἀρκάδες (Hsch.); τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ μεγάλου δακτύλου ἐπὶ τὸν μικρὸν διάστημα (Hdn.) |
| δάρκα‡ | a kind of cinnamon |
| δάρπη‡ | basket: σαργάνη. κόφινος (Hsch.) |
| δατύς‡ | coral: κουράλλιον |
| δαῦκος (freq.) ~ δαυχμός ~ δαῦκον | umbelliferous plant growing in Crete, Athamanta Cretensis et al. |
| δάφνη ~ λάφνη‡ (Pergean, Hsch.) ~ *δαύχνα (Thessalian, in comp.) ~ δαυχμός (Hsch., EM) | laurel, sweet bay, Laurus nobilis |
| δειρητής (Elean ap. Ath.) ~ δίγηρες (Hsch., Suid.) | sparrow, Passer |
| δελεδώνη‡ | brown meagre, Sciaena umbra: ὁ μύλλος ἰχθύς |
| Δελέφατ‡ | Venus, the planet (Chaldean): ὁ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης ἀστήρ, ὑπὸ Χαλδαίων |
| δέλλις | a kind of small wasp: τὸ μικρὸν σφηκίον |
| δέλτος | writing tablet |
| δεμελεῖς‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ δεμελέας (acc. pl.; IG 4²,1.121) | leeches: βδέλλαι |
| δενδαλίς ~ δανδαλίς (Poll.) | a kind of barley cake |
| δέπας ~ δέχας (lexic.) | cup; goblet |
| δηαί (pl.) | barley corns (Cretan): ὑπὸ Κρητῶν αἱ κριθαί |
| δῆος‡ | disabled (Cretan): βωβόσ. Κρῆτες |
| διακόνιον | a kind of cake |
| διάλ‡ | deer (Chaldean): τὴν ἔλαφον, Χαλδαῖοι |
| δίζα‡ | goat: αἴξ |
| δίκταμνον ~ δίκταμον | dittany of Crete, Origanum Dictamnus |
| δίκτυον | net: fishing net, hunting net; lattice-work; bottom of a sieve (Hsch.) |
| δίκτυς‡ | kite (Laconian): ὁ ἰκτῖνος, ὑπὸ Λακώνων |
| δίνη ~ δίνα ~ δίννα (Aeolic ap. Hdn.; Hdn., Choerob., Et. Gud.) ~ δέννα (Hdn., Choerob.) | whirlpool (gen. of the sea) |
| δίσκος ~ λίσκος‡ (Hsch.) | round flat object: disk, quoit |
| δίφακος‡ | a kind of plant: εἶδος βοτάνης |
| διφθέρα ~ διψάρα‡ (Hsch.) | prepared hide, piece of leather; parchment |
| δοθιήν ~ δοθιών (infreq.; vulg. ap. Hdn.) | pustule, small abscess; boil |
| δοῖδυξ ~ δοίδυξ (infreq.) | pestle |
| δολάνα‡ ~ δολομάν‡ (acc. s.) ~ δόλοπα‡ (acc. s.) | procuress (Laconian): μαστροπός Λάκωνες |
| δολέων‡ | small abscess; boil: δοθιήν |
| δόλπαι ~ δολβαί‡ (Hsch.) [pl.] | small cakes (Coan): πλακούντια μικρά. Κῷοι; mixed cakes: οἱ δὲ μικτὰ πλακούντια |
| δόρκαι‡ | eggs of parasites: κονίδες |
| δορύκνιον | Convolvulus oleaefolius |
| δουώδηλα‡ | marjoram, Origanum Majorana (Dacian): ἀμάρακον [...] Δάκοι δουώδηλα |
| δράλαινα‡ | impudent woman (Coan): λαμυρά. Κῷοι |
| δράστις‡ | linen: ἡ βύσσοσ· καὶ ἐργαζόμενοι αὐτὴν δραστιουργοί (Hsch.) |
| δραχμή (freq.) ~ δαρκνά (Cretan: inscr.) ~ δορκνά ~ δρ. (abbr.: Thessalian, Archig.) ~ δραχμ. (abbr.: Aët., Alex. Trall.) | drachm (weight and coin) |
| δρίλακες‡ (nom. pl.) | leeches (Elean): βδέλλαι. Ἠλεῖοι |
| δροῦνα‡ | base; origin (Etruscan): ἡ ἀρχή, ὑπὸ Τυῤῥηνῶν |
| δώραξ‡ | spleen, (Macedonian): σπλήν ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων |
| δωρισάστρου‡ | pepperwort, Lepidium latifolium (Egyptian): λεπίδιον [...] Αἰγύπτιοι δωρισάστρου |
| ἔβενος ~ ἐβένη‡ (Thphr.) | ebony, various kind of Diospyros |
| ἐβίσκος ~ ἰβίσκος (infreq.) | marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis |
| ἔβρος‡ | he-goat (for reproduction): τράγος βάτης |
| ἐβρών‡ | cuckoo-pint, Arum italicum (Egyptian): ἄρον […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἐβρών |
| ἔγχος ~ ἔνχος (infreq., Epicur., Hdn.) | spear |
| ἐθρεκιγκίν‡ | rocket, Eruca sativa (Egyptian): εὔζωμον […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἐθρεκιγκίν |
| εἰδαλίς‡ | a kind of bird: ὄρνις ποιός |
| εἰμάδες‡ (nom. pl.) | shepherds' dwellings: ποιμένων οἰκίαι |
| εἴρερος (antiq., freq.) ~ ἴρερον (Apollon. Soph., Hsch.) ~ ἔρερον‡ (acc. s.; Hsch.) ~ ἰρέος‡ (Choerob.) | slavery: δουλείαν (Apollon. Soph.) |
| εἰρεσιώνη | branch of olive or laurel wound round with wool and hung with fruits (dedicated to Apollo) |
| ἐλαία (<*ἐλαίϝα) ~ ἐλάα (Attic) | olive-tree; olive |
| ἑλάνη ~ ἑλένη‡ (Hsch.) | bundle of reeds (used as a torch) |
| ἔλανος‡ | kite: ἰκτῖνος |
| ἐλάτη | silver fir, Abies cephalonica |
| ἐλατίνη | cankerwort, Linaria spuria |
| ἐλεᾶς (Ar., Hsch.) ~ ἐλέα‡ (Arist.) ~ ἔλεια‡ (Call.) | a bird (fort. reed- warbler, Acrocephalus) |
| ἑλεδώνη ~ ἐλεδώνη | a kind of octopus |
| ἐλείη‡ | malignant disease: ἀγρία νόσος |
| ἑλειός ~ ἐλειός | kind of dormouse, Myoxus glis |
| ἐλέφας ~ λέφας (Et. Gud.; EM) | elephant's tusk; ivory; elephant (from Hdt. onwards) |
| ἕλλα‡ | chair, seat (Laconian): καθέδρα. Λάκωνεσ. |
| ἑλλέβορος | hellebore, Helleborus |
| ἐλλύτας ~ ἐλλύτης‡ | a kind of cake: πλακοῦς τις |
| ἕλμινς ~ ἕλμις ~ λίμινθες‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) | worm; intestinal worm |
| ἐλύδριον | celandine, Chelidonium majus (used as a yellow dye) |
| ἔλυμος | a kind of Phrygian pipe, made of box-wood: τὰ πρῶτα τῶν αὐλῶν, ἀφ’ ὧν ἡ γλωσσίσ. οἱ δὲ ἁπλῶς αὐλούς (Hsch.) |
| ἔλυμος ~ ἔλεμος‡ (Hsch.) | Italian millet, Setaria italica: σπέρμα ὅπερ ἕψοντες Λάκωνες ἐσθίουσιν (Hsch.) |
| ἐμβρωσί‡ | lettuce, Lactuca (Egyptian): θρίδαξ ἥμερος […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἐμβρωσί |
| ἐμύς ~ ἑμύς ~ ἀμύς (Gal., Ps.-Gal.) | freshwater turtle |
| ἐνθυσκός‡ | unidentified bird: ὁ ἀσφαλός, τὸ ὄρνεον |
| ἔνοσις ~ ἔννοσις (E., Hsch.) ~ εἴνοσις‡ (Hsch.) | shaking, quake |
| ἔντυβον ~ ἴντυβον ~ ἰντύβιον ~ ἴντουβος (inscr.) ~ ἰνδίβα (Anon. Med.) | endive, Chichorium endivia |
| ἐπαθού‡ | lucerne, Medicago sativa (Egyptian): μηδική [...] Αἰγύπτιοι ἐπαθού |
| ἐπιτηλίς | horned poppy, Glaucium fiavum |
| ἐπολιός | nocturnal bird (fort. a kind of owl): εἶδος ὀρνέου νυκτερινοῦ (Suid.) |
| ἐπουτίς‡ | offerings, sacrifice (Rhodian): θυσία παρὰ Ῥοδίοις |
| ἑρβιαραούθ‡ | caper-plant, Capparis spinosa (African): κάππαρις […] Ἄφροι ἑρβιαραούθ |
| ἐρέας‡ (acc. pl.) | children (Thessalian): τέκνα. Θεσσαλοί |
| ἐρέβινθος ~ λεβίνθιοι‡ (Hsch.) | chick-pea, Cicer arietinum |
| ἐρεθμού‡ | hedge-mustard, Sisymbrium polyceratium (Egyptian): ἐρύσιμον […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἐρεθμού |
| ἐριθάκη | bee bread, bee pollen |
| ἔριθος | day-labourer, hired servant (weaver, reaper, etc.) |
| ἐρινεός (plant) ~ ἐρινεόν (fruit) | wild fig-tree, Ficus Caprificus |
| ἕρπις | wine (Egyptian) |
| ἔρραος | ram; wild boar |
| ἔρτις‡ | bank, edge (of river, trench, etc.): κρημνός |
| ἐσσήν | king, coloniser: βασιλεύς, [...] ὁ οἰκιστής (Hdn.); queen bee: βασιλεὺς τῶν μελισσῶν (Orig.); priest of Artemis of Ephesus: τοὺς τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι ἱστιάτορας τῇ Ἐφεσίᾳ (Paus.; inscr.); god: θεόν (Sch. in Call.) |
| εὐθμοί‡ | a kind of Brassica (Egyptian): λαμψάνη [...] Αἰγύπτιοι εὐθμοί |
| ἐφιάλτης (freq.; Attic ap. Moer.) ~ ἐπιάλτης (antiq.; Hellenistic ap. Moer.; Alc., lexic.) ~ ἠπιάλης ~ ἠπιόλης ~ ἰφίαλος (infreq.; lexic.) ~ ἐφέλην (acc. s. ← *ἐφέλησ; Aeolic ap. Hsch.) | nightmare: throttling demon |
| ἐχλωτοριπλάμ‡ | blite, Amaranthus Blitum (Egyptian): βλίτον· Αἰγύπτιοι ἐχλωτοριπλάμ |
| ἑψίη ~ ἑψία (nom. pl. neut.) | amusement, fun, joy |
| ζάγκλον (freq.) ~ ζάγκλη (Nic., Hsch.) ~ ζάικλον‡ (Hsch.) ~ ζάγκλιον‡ (Eust.) ~ δάγκλον‡ (Hsch.) | sickle (Sicel): δρέπανον οἱ Σικελοὶ ζάγκλον καλοῦσι (Hecat.) |
| ζάλακες‡ | hedgehogs: ἐχῖνοι |
| ζάλη ~ ζάλα (infreq.) | storm; rain; hail |
| ζάψ | surf |
| ζειγάρη‡ | cicada (Sidetan, Pamphylia): ὁ τέττιξ παρὰ Σιδήταις |
| ζειρά ~ ζιραί‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ ζειρατίς‡ (Hsch.) | wide upper garment, mantle (worn by Syrians, Arabs and Thracians): ἱμάτιόν τι σύρων (Hsch.) |
| ζελᾶς ~ ζίλαι (Hdn., Hsch.) ~ ζεῖλα‡ (Phot.) | wine (Thracian): ὁ οἶνος παρὰ Θρᾳξί (Hdn., Hsch.) |
| ζέλκια‡ (nom. pl.) | vegetables (Phrygian): λάχανα. Φρύγες |
| ζέμελεν‡ (acc. s.) | foreign slave (Phrygian): βάρβαρον ἀνδράποδον. Φρύγες |
| ζεραφοίστ‡ | flax, Linum (African): λίνον [...] Ἄφροι ζεραφοίστ |
| ζεῦμαν‡ (acc. s.) | spring; stream; fount (Phrygian): τὴν πηγήν. Φρύγες |
| ζιγνίς | a kind of lizard |
| ζιζάνιον ~ σισάνιον‡ (EM) | wheat-infesting weed, perhaps darnel, Lolium temulentum: αἶρα [...] ζιζάνια προσαγορεύειν σύνηθες τῇ Γραφῇ (Basil.), ἔρρα· ζιζάνια (Hsch.), τὸ λεγόμενον αἶρα (Gp.); thistle, fort. wheat-infesting: cornthistle, Cirsium arvense: ἡ ἄκανθα (Hdn.) |
| ζίζυφον ~ ζίνζυφον ~ ζίντζυφον‡ (Ps.-Hp.) ~ ζίνζιφα (Sym. Seth.) | a tree, the fruit of which is the jujube, Zizyphus vulgaris |
| ζουορρινσοιπέτ‡ | juniper, Juniperus (African): ἄρκευθος [...] Ἄφροι ζουορρινσοιπέτ |
| ζοῦσαι‡ (pl.) | drachmas: δραχμαί |
| ζόφος | nether darkness; gloom; the West |
| ζύγαστρον ~ σίγιστρον (Eust.) ~ ζυγάστριον (dim.; freq. in inscr.) | chest, box; archive |
| ζῦθος ~ ζῦτος (Eg.: pap., inscr.) | beer (mainly Egyptian but also Nordic) |
| ζώγη‡ | a kind of plant: εἶδος βοτάνης (Hsch.) |
| ζώδι‡ | Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus: εἶδος λευκοῦ γυπός, νεκροβόρον |
| ζῶκός‡ | Egyptian vulture, Neophron percnopterus: εἶδος λευκοῦ γυπός, νεκροβόρον |
| ἠλακάτη ~ ἀλακάτα (Aeolic) ~ ἠλακάτα (Doric) ~ ἠλεκάτη (inscr. Delos, Cyrene) ~ ἀλακάτιον (dim.; pap.) | distaff |
| ἠλέκτωρ | beaming sun |
| ἧλος ~ ἇλος (Doric) ~ γάλλοι‡ (n. pl.; Hsch.) ~ ἧλ (AD, Eust.) (← *ϝάλοσ) | nail-head, stud; nail; wart |
| ἠλύγη | shadow (Attic ap. Erot.): ἠλύγη γὰρ παρ’ Ἀττικοῖς ἡ σκιὰ λέγεται |
| ἠπίαλος ~ ἀπίαλος‡ (Hsch.) | ague; fever; malaria |
| ηρ‡ | wine: οἶνος (Hsch.) |
| ἤρανος | keeper, guardian; king |
| ἠρίφακον‡ | small bush (Laconian): θαμνίσκον. Λάκωνες |
| ἤρυγγος ~ ἠρύγγιον (dim., freq.) | eryngo, Eryngium creticum |
| ἥρως | hero |
| ἠώα‡ | cedar-tree (foreigner): ἡ κέδρος, ἐθνικῶς (Hsch.) |
| θᾶκος ~ θῶκος (Ion., ep., antiq., freq.) ~ θόωκος (ep., infreq.) | seat, chair, throne |
| θαμάκθ‡ | marjoram, Origanum Majorana (African): ἀμάρακον [...] Ἄφροι θαμάκθ |
| θάμιξ‡ | fox: ἀλώπηξ |
| θάμνος | bush, shrub: δασέα καὶ πυκνὰ δένδρα. καὶ οἱ σύνδενδροι τόποι (Hsch.) |
| θεανῶσται‡ (nom. pl. ← *θεανῶστη) | file, rasp: οἱ ξυστῆρες ὑπὸ Θετταλῶν |
| θεράπων | attendant; servant; squire; worshipper |
| θής | serf, bondsman; hired labourer (opp. to δοῦλοσ) |
| θίασος ~ σίασος (Eust.) ~ σίαορ‡ (Laconian; Hsch.) | religious guild |
| θῖβις ~ θῆβις (infreq.) ~ θήβη (infreq.) | basket (made of papyrus) |
| θίκελιν‡ (acc. s.) | turnip, Brassica Rapa (Laconian): τὴν γογγυλίδα. Λάκωνες |
| θισάρικαμ‡ | plantain, Plantago (Spanish): ἀρνόγλωσσον […] σπάνοι θισάρικαμ |
| θορφάθ‡ | radish, Raphanus sativus (African): ῥάφανος κηπαία […] Ἄφροι θορφάθ |
| θρᾷττα ~ θρᾴττη (Ath.) ~ θέτταν‡ (acc. s.; Doroth. Ascalon. ap. Ath., Eust.) | small sea fish (fort. of the herring family) |
| θράττης‡ | stone (Thracian): ὁ λίθος, ὑπὸ Θρακῶν |
| θραύπαλος | joint fir, Ephedra campulopoda |
| θρινία‡ | Cretan vine: ἄμπελος ἐν Κρήτῃ (Hsch.) |
| θρῖον | fig-leaf (also used to wrap a mixture of eggs, milk, lard, flour, honey and cheese) |
| θρίψ | woodworm |
| θρυαλλίς | plantain, Plantago crassifolia |
| θρύον ~ θρύορον‡ (Thphr.) ~ τεθρύον ~ τέθρια‡ (Suid.) | reed, rush |
| θύαρος‡ | darnel, Lolium temulentum |
| θύλακος (freq., antiq.) ~ θυλλίς (infreq.) ~ συλλίρ‡ (Hsch.) ~ θαλλίς (Afric., Hsch.) ~ σύλαιον‡ (Hsch.) ~ θάλλικα‡ (Hsch.) | sack, bag; sheath: θύλακοσ. γωρυτόσ. ἔλυτρον (Hsch.) |
| θύμαλον (acc. s.) | a fish (from river Ticino, Italy) |
| θύμβρα ~ θρύμβα (infreq., recent.) ~ θρύμπη (Sch. in Ar.) ~ θυμβραία‡ (Gal.) | savory, Satureia Thymbra |
| θύννος | tunny |
| θύραξ‡ | tower: πύργος |
| θῶμιγξ ~ θώμιγξ | cord, string |
| θώραξ ~ θώρηξ (Ion.) ~ θόρρακές‡ (pl.; Alc.) | corslet, armour (antiq.); trunk, chest (freq.) |
| θώς | jackal, Canis aureus |
| ἰαμβύκη | a musical instrument (distinct from σαμβύκη) |
| ἰάσμη | jessamine, jasmin, Jasminum officinale |
| ἴασπις | jasper |
| ἰβάνη‡ | vessel, bucket (for water or wine): κάδοσ. ἀντλητήριον |
| ἴβηνα‡ | wine (Cretan): τὸν οἶνον Κρῆτες (Hsch.) |
| ἰβηρίς | pepperwort, Lepidium graminifolium |
| ἴβινος‡ | eagle: ἀετός |
| ἴβις | ibis (sacred, Threskiornis aethiopicus; glossy, Plegadis falcinellus) |
| ἴγδις (antiq., freq.) ~ ἴγδη ~ ἔγδη‡ (Choerob.) ~ εἰγδίον (dub., pap.) | mortar |
| ἰδέων‡ | a kind of eagle: εἶδος ἀετοῦ |
| ἰέσκ‡ | cranesbill, Geranium: (African): γεράνιον [...] Ἄφροι ἰέσκ |
| ἰζέλα‡ | good luck (Macedonian): ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ. Μακεδόνες |
| ἰζίνες‡ (nom. pl. ← *ἰζίσ) | birds of prey: οἰωνοί, ὄρνιθες |
| ἴκνυον‡ (acc. s. ← *ἴκνυσ) | dust; soap: κονίαν. σμῆμα (Hsch.) |
| ἴκταρ (Call., Ath., Eust.) ~ κτάρα (Hsch., Eust.) ~ ἰκτάρα‡ (Hsch.) ~ ἀκτάρας‡ (gen. s.; Sch. in Opp.) | a small fish of the herring kind (fort. sprat): ἰκτάρα‡: fish (dialectal): ἐθνικῶς ἰχθύς (Hsch.); κτάρα: the smallest of all fish: ἰχθῦς βραχύτερος πάντων (Hsch.); ἀκτάρας‡: anchovy: ἀφύη ἡ ἔγγραυλις |
| ἴκτερος | icterus, jaundice |
| ἰκτίς‡ | cat, Felis domesticus (Pergean, Pamphylian): αἴλουρος Περγαῖοι |
| ἴλαξ‡ (Latin; Macedonian) ~ δίλαξ‡ (Laconian) | holm oak, Quercus Ilex agrifolia: ἡ ἀρία, τὸ φυτόν. Λάκωνεσ; ἡ πρῖνος, ὡς Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ Μακεδόνες |
| ἴμβηρις‡ | eel (Methymnian): ἔγχελυσ. Μηθυμναῖοι |
| ἰμβούς‡ | ox (Lydian): βοῦσ. Λυδοί |
| ἴξ | worm that damages the vine |
| ἰξαλῆ ~ ἰσάλλην‡ (Gal.) ~ ἰσάλην‡ (Sch. in Ar.) ~ ἰσθλῆ‡ (Hsch.) ~ ἰσσέλα‡ (Hsch.) ~ ἰσσέλη‡ (Theognost.) ~ ἰττέλα (Poll.) ~ ἰτθέλαν‡ (Hsch.) | adult goat's skin: τελείας αἰγὸς δέρμα, ἣν μηλωτὴν (Hsch.) |
| ἰξύς | waist (of women); (pl.) loins |
| ἰόβλης‡ | reed (Cretan): κάλαμος παρὰ Κρησίν |
| ἴον ~ γία‡ (nom. pl. ← *ϝίον; Hsch.) | flower; violet, Viola odorata |
| ἰπνασία‡ | belly (Tarentinian): γαστὴρ παρὰ Ταραντίνοις |
| ἴπνη ~ ἵπτα‡ (dialectal ap. Hsch.) | woodpecker, Picus |
| ἴπνον | mare's-tail, Hippuris vulgaris |
| ἶπος ~ εἶπος (infreq.) | compressing weight: the piece of wood that falls and catches the mouse (in a mouse-trap); fuller's press |
| ἰρικάν‡ | horse with dark shiny coat: ἵππος οἰνωπὸς χρώματι |
| ἰσάτις | Isatis tinctoria (used as blue dye) |
| ἴσκαι | fungus growing on oaks and walnut-trees |
| ἰστάκη‡ | sickle (Boeotian): δρέπανον. Βοιωτοί |
| ἴταλα‡ (neut. pl. ← *ἴταλον) | cloths or sails (stretched on the loom): ἱστία, ἃ εἰς τοὺς ἱστοὺς διατείνουσιν (Hsch.) |
| ἴταλα‡ ~ ἰτλαί‡ [nom. pl.] | sails: ἱστία, ἃ εἰς τοὺς ἱστοὺς διατείνουσιν |
| ἴτασιν‡ | fenugreek, Trigonella Foenum-graecum (Egyptian): τῆλις […] Αἰγύπτιοι ἴτασιν |
| ἴτριον | cake with sesame and honey |
| ἴυγξ ~ ἴυξ (Eust., Sch. in Opp.) ~ ἴνυξ‡ (Hsch.) | wryneck, Iynx torquilla |
| ἴφυον | spike-lavender, Lavandula Spica |
| ἰχάλη‡ | pig's liver: ἧπαρ ὑός |
| ἴψ | woodworm |
| ἴψος | cork-oak, Quercus Suber (Thphr.); ivy, Hedera Helix (Thurii): τὸν κισσόν. Θούριοι (Hsch.) |
| ἰωνᾶς‡ | pidgeon, dove, Columba livia domestica: περιστερά |
| ἰωνὶς‡ | a kind of bird (fort. acquatic bird) |
| ἴωψ | a kind of small fish |
| κάβαισος | insatiable, greedy person: ἄπληστος |
| καβάλλης ~ καβαλλεῖον‡ (antiq.; IScM 3.35) ~ καβάλλιον‡ (Hsch.) | nag, workhorse; horse (Ps.-Callisth.) |
| κάβειος‡ | young; new (Paphian, Cypriot): νέοσ. Πάφιοι |
| κάβηλος‡ ~ κόβαρος‡ (Hsch.) | donkey: ὄνος |
| καβλή‡ | bolt of the door (Paphian, Cypriot): μάνδαλος τῶν θυρῶν. Πάφιοι |
| κάβος | measure for corn and wine; basket: μέτρον σιτικὸν καὶ οἰνικόν οἱ δὲ σπυρίδα (Hsch.); wine- jar: μέθυσον [...] πίθον (Phot.) |
| κάγκαμον | Arabian vegetal gum used as incense: Bissa Bol, Balsamodendron Katuf: παρ’ Ἰνδοῖς ξύλου δάκρυον, καὶ θυμίαμα (Hsch.) |
| κάγχαλος‡ | door knocker (Sicel): κρίκος ὁ ἐπὶ ταῖς θύραισ. Σικελοί |
| κάδαμος‡ | blind (Salaminian, Ionic): τυφλόσ. Σαλαμίνιοι |
| κάδος (freq., antiq.) ~ κάδδος (infreq.) ~ χάδος (lexic.) ~ κάδιον (dim.) ~ κάδδιον (dim.) ~ καδίσκος (dim.) ~ καδδίσκος (Eust.; Ps.-Zonar.) ~ κάδδιχος (Laconian; Plu., Hsch.; inscr.) | jar, vessel (for water or wine); measure for liquids |
| κάδουσα‡ | a kind of bunch of grapes: εἶδος σταφυλῆς (Hsch.) |
| κάδυρος‡ | castrated boar: κάπρος ἄνορχις |
| καδύτας‡ (Thpr.) ~ κασύτας‡ (Hsch.) | a parasitic plant that grows on trees: dodder, Cassytha filiformis |
| κάθιδοι‡ (nom. pl.) | vessels (Arcadian): ὑδρίαι. Ἀρκάδες |
| κάθος‡ | basket: σπυρίς |
| καθουφήν‡ (acc. s. ← *καθουφή) ~ κοθοῦριν‡ (acc. s. ← *κοθοῦρισ; fort. corr.) | fox: ἀλώπεκα |
| καιέτα‡ (Boeotian) ~ κάεια‡ ~ κῆτα‡ | mint: καλαμίνθη. Βοιωτοί (Hsch.), καλαμίνθα (Hsch.) |
| καικίας ~ κίρκιος‡ (Agathem.) ~ κέρκιος (Jo. D.) ~ κιρκίας (Arist., Posid.) | N-NW wind |
| καίπετος‡ | axe: ἀξίνη |
| καῖρος | row of thrums of the loom (to which the threads of the warp are attached): σειρά τις ἐν ἱστῷ, δι’ ἧς οἱ στήμονες διείρονται (Paus. Attic.); thread of the warp: μίτον (Hsch.); weaver's beam: μέσακμον (Paus. Attic.) |
| κάκαλον | wall |
| κάκτος | cardoon, Cynara Cardunculus |
| καλαβῶτις‡ | onion: κρόμυον |
| κάλαθος | basket (narrow at the base) |
| καλαμίνδαρ‡ | plane, Platanus orientalis: πλάτανος (Hsch.) |
| καλαμίνθη ~ καλαμίνθα | mint |
| κάλαριν‡ (acc. s. ← *κάλαρισ) | a bird (preyed on by the owl (αἰγώλιοσ) and other birds of prey) |
| καλαρρυγαί | ditches, trenches: τάφροι. Ἀμερίας (Hsch.) |
| καλαρύαν (acc. s.; Thessalian and Ambraciot ap. Parmen. Byz.) ~ καλαρῖνες‡ (pl.; Laconian; Hsch.) | water-pipe |
| καλάσιρις | long Egyptian garment |
| κάληβος (Hsch.; Phot.) ~ κάβηλος‡ (Hsch.) | man with circumsised penis: ὁ ἀπεσκολυμμένος τὸ αἰδοῖον |
| κάλιθος‡ | wine (Amerias): οἶνοσ. Ἀμερίας (Hsch.) |
| καλίς‡ ~ κελεΐς‡ | axe: σκέπαρνον; ἀξίνη |
| καλλιβάντες‡ (pl.) | razors or scissors (used by women to shave the eyebrows): ὅμοια σμιλίοις καὶ ψαλίσιν, ἐν αἷς τὰς ὀφρῦς κοσμοῦσιν αἱ γυναῖκες |
| καλόνης‡ | someone who says less than he thinks (Rhodian): εἴρων. Ῥόδιοι |
| κάλπη | trot, trotting-race; trotter horse: ἵππος βαδιστής καὶ εἶδος δρόμου (Hsch.) |
| κάλπις | pitcher; cup |
| κάλυκες‡ | embryos: τὰ ἔμβρυα |
| κάλχη ~ χάλκη‡ (Ps.-Dsc.) | purple flower, Chrysanthemum coronarium; purple dye murex, Muricidae |
| καμάν‡ | field (Cretan): τὸν ἀγρόν. Κρῆτες |
| κάμαξ ~ ἀμάκιον‡ (Laconian, Hsch.) | vine-pole, vine-prop |
| κάμηλος ~ κάμμηρος‡ (Artemid.) ~ γαμάλη‡ (Chaldean ap. Hsch.) ~ ἀκάμαλα‡ (Hsch.) | camel, Camelus bactrianus and dromedarius |
| κάμιλος | big rope: τὸ παχὺ σχοινίον (Suid.) |
| κάμμαρος ~ κάμμορον (Gal.) ~ καμμαρίς‡ (Gal.) | a kind of red lobster |
| κάμπη (freq.) ~ κάμπος‡ (antiq., Lyc.) | sea-monster |
| κάμπος‡ | race track (Sicel): ἱπποδρόμοσ. Σικελοί |
| κάμπος‡ | hippodrome (Sicel): ἱπποδρόμοσ. Σικελοί |
| κάναβος ~ κάνναβος ~ κίνναβος (infreq.) | wooden framework (used with moulded wax or clay to produce sculptures): τὰ ξύλα, περὶ ἃ τὸ πρῶτον οἱ πλάσται τὸν κηρὸν τιθέασιν (Hsch.); mannikin; skinny person (Stratt., Hsch.) |
| καναδόκα‡ | arrow notch (Laconian): χηλὴ ὀϊστοῦ. Λάκωνες |
| κάνδαυλος ~ κάνδυλος ~ κάνδυτος | a Lydian dish (with hare meat, honey and milk) |
| κάνθαρος | dung-beetle, Scarabaeus pilularius |
| κανθήλιον | (pl.) panniers (at the sides of a pack-saddle) |
| κανθός | corner of the eye; eye |
| κάννα ~ καλλά (Hdn.) | pole-reed, Arundo Donax |
| κάνναβις | hemp, Cannabis |
| κάνωπον | elder-flower, Sambucus; elder-bark |
| καπάνια‡ (pl.) | cords, strings: ἁρπεδόνες |
| καπανοι‡ | a kind of barley groats: ἀλφίτων εἶδος |
| κάπηλος | retail-dealer; shop- keeper; tavern-keeper; (adj.) knavish |
| κάπια‡ (pl.) | garlic, Allium sativum (Cerynean, Achaean Doric): τὰ σκόροδα. Κερυνῆται (Hsch.) |
| κάππαρις ~ κάππαρι ~ κάπαρι‡ (Anon. Med.) | caper-plant, Capparis spinosa |
| κάππαρος‡ | a kind of fish |
| κάπρα‡ | goat (Etruscan): αἴξ. Τυῤῥηνοί |
| κάραβος ~ καράμβιος (infreq.: Arist.; Ar. Byz.) | prickly beetle; prickly crustacean: crab |
| κάραβος‡ | gate, door (Macedonian): ὑπὸ δὲ Μακεδόνων ἡ πύλη |
| κάραι‡ (nom. pl.) | fig-trees: συκαῖ |
| καραρύες‡ | Schythian houses: οἱ Σκυθικοὶ οἶκοι; covered wagons: τὰς κατηρεφεῖς ἁμάξας |
| κάρβανοι‡ | lepers: οἱ ἀλφὸν ἢ λέπραν ἔχοντες |
| κάρβις‡ | pimp: μαστροπός |
| κάρδαμον | nose-smart, Lepidium sativum (of which the seed was eaten like mustard) |
| καρδάμωμον | cardamum, Elettaria Cardamomum |
| κάρδοπος | kneading-trough (for dough) |
| καρίς ~ κουρίς (Dor.) ~ κωρίς (Dor.) | small crustacean (gener.) |
| καρκάδων | the price paid to Charon (i.e. the coin buried with the deceased): Χάροντος δάνειον, συναγόμενον ἐκ τοῦ ὀβολοῦ τοῦ συγκηδευομένου τοῖς τελευτῶσιν (Phot.) |
| κάρνυξ‡ | horn, trumpet (Galatian): τὴν σάλπιγγα Γαλάται |
| κάρπασον ~ καρπησία | white hellebore, Veratrum album |
| κάρπασος ~ κάλπασος | flax, Linum usitatissimum; cotton (Peripl. M. Rubr.) |
| καρπήσιον | Valeriana Dioscoridis |
| καρύα (plant) ~ κάρυον (fruit) ~ ἄρυα‡ (Hsch.) ~ αὐαρά‡ (Hsch.) | nut (gener.) |
| καρύκη | Lydian sauce composed of blood and spices |
| καρφύκτοι‡ (nom. pl.) | toads (Rhodian): φρῦνοι. Ῥόδιοι |
| κάρχαι‡ | crowds (Sicel): ὄχλοι. Σικελοί |
| κάρχαι‡ (nom. pl.) | crabs (Sicel): καρκίνοι [...] Σικελοί |
| καρώ | caraway, cumin, Carum carvi |
| κασαλβάς (antiq.) ~ κασσαβάς (lexic.) ~ κασαυράδα‡ (acc. s. ← *κασαυράσ; Hsch.) ~ κάσσα (lexic.) ~ κάσση (Lyc., lexic.) ~ κασαύρα‡ (Hsch.) ~ κασωρίς (Lyc., lexic.) | prostitute: κασαλβάσ· πόρνη. αἰσχροποιός, ἀπὸ τοῦ καλεῖν, καὶ σοβεῖν |
| κασαλβάς‡ | leopard, Felis pardus: τὴν πόρδαλιν καλοῦσι τὴν κασαλβάδα. |
| κασανδήριον‡ | kite: ἰκτῖνος |
| κασῆς ~ κάσα‡ (Hsch.) | skin, hide (used as a saddle): saddle, horse- cloth |
| κασία ~ κασσία | Cinnamomum verum |
| κασκάνδιξ‡ | onion: ἡ γηθυλλίς |
| κασκός‡ ~ κακκός‡ | little finger: ὁ μικρὸς δάκτυλος (Hsch.) |
| κασσίτερος ~ καττίτερος (Attic) ~ κασσίτηρος (infreq.) ~ κασίτερον (infreq.; recent.) | tin |
| κασσύας‡ | large tunny (Pergean, Pamphylian): ὄρκυνοσ. Περγαῖοι |
| κάστανα ~ καστήνα ~ κάστανοι ~ καστανίαι ~ καστάναια ~ καστάνεια (pl. tantum) | chestnuts |
| κάστον‡ | wood (Athamanian, Epirus): ξύλον. Ἀθαμᾶνες |
| κάστωρ | beaver |
| καταβλής‡ | bolt (of the door): μάνδαλος |
| καταῖτυξ ~ κατέτυξ‡ (Hsch.) | leathern helmet, without horn (φάλοσ) or crest (λόφοσ) |
| κατράγοντες‡ (nom. pl.) | wild bulls (Laconian): οἱ βόαγροι. Λάκωνες |
| κατρεύς | an Indian bird (fort. monal pheasant) |
| καυαλός‡ | man speaking stupidly: μωρολόγος |
| καυκαλίς | edible umbelliferous plant with white flowers and fennel-like leaves: Tordylium apulum (LSJ); Daucus or Caucalis (André 1956: 77) |
| καῦνος ~ καυνός | plot of land: κλῆρος (Hsch.) |
| καυσαλίς | a plant, also called ὑπέρωρος, μέλαινα, κάτοπτος (Dsc.) and ὑπέρυθρος (Hsch.) |
| καυσία ~ καυσίη (lexic.) | kind of royal Macedonian felt hat |
| καυτάμ‡ | marjoram, Origanum Majorana (Etruscan): ἀμάρακον [...] Θοῦσκοι καυτάμ |
| καχίλα‡ | flower (Cypriot): ἄνθη. Κύπριοι |
| κάχληξ ~ κόχλαξ (recent.) ~ ἄχλαξ‡ (Suid.) | pebble |
| κεβλήνη‡ | oregano: ὀρίγανος |
| κεβλήπυρις | a kind of bird |
| κέβλος‡ | garden: κῆπος |
| κέγκλος | a kind of sea bird: εἶδος ὀρνέου θαλασσίου (Suid.) |
| κέγχρος (freq.) ~ κέρχνος ~ κέρχμος‡ (Hp.) | millet, Panicum miliaceum; anything rough and hoarse (like millet) |
| κέδματα (pl. tant.) | chronic arthritic conditions: αἱ χρονιώτεραι διαθέσεις νοσώδεις, περὶ τὰ ἄρθρα (Hsch.); chronic genital conditions: περὶ τὰ γεννητικὰ μόρια (Hsch.) |
| κέδρος (freq.) ~ κέδρον ~ κεδρίς (infreq.) | cedar-tree: Cedrus and Juniperus |
| κεκρύφαλος | woman's hair-net; part of the head-stall of a bridle; various net-like objects |
| κελέβη | jar (for hot liquids; of shepherds): ποτηρίου εἶδος θερμηροῦ. καὶ ποιμενικὸν ἀγγεῖον (Hsch.) |
| κέλευθος ~ ἔλευθος (lexic.) | path, road, street; travel |
| κέμμερος ~ κάμμερος‡ (Hsch.) | mist, fog: ἀχλύς, ὁμίχλη (Hsch.) |
| κέμμορ‡ | huge sea-monster: μέγα κῆτος |
| κενεά‡ | vine that grows up trees (Cypriot): Κύπριοι δὲ ἀναδενδράδας |
| κενέβρειον ~ κενέβριον | carrion (esp. cattle) |
| κεραΐς | hooded crow: κορώνη (Hsch.) |
| κεράμβυξ | big beetle, which feeds on dead wood, fort. of the Cerambyx kind (Thessalian ap. Ant. Lib.) |
| κέραμος ~ ἔραμος (lexic., post Apollod. Gramm.) | potter's clay (freq.); dungeon (antiq.: Il. V 387); pot |
| κερασός (plant) ~ κέρασος (fruit) | bird-cherry, Prunus avium |
| κερέερα‡ | hazelwort, Asarum europaeum (Egyptian): ἄσαρον [...] Αἰγύπτιοι κερέερα |
| κέρθιος‡ | a little bird (fort. tree- creeper, Certhia familiaris) |
| κέρκαξ‡ | hawk: ἱέραξ (Hsch.) |
| κερκέτης | side-weight (designed to steady a ship): μηχάνημα σιδηροῦν, ὃ ἐξαρτᾶται τῆς νεώς, ὅταν ᾖ ἄνεμος (Paus. Attic.) |
| κερκίς | weaver's shuttle; pin; rod |
| κέρκουρος | light boat (esp. of the Cypriots) |
| κέρμηλος‡ ~ κερβαλά‡ (pl. neut.) | where copper comes from (i.e. mine): ἀφ' οὗ χαλκὸς γίνεται; mines: μέταλλα |
| κέρνεα‡ | sacrifices to the Mother of the gods: τὰ τῇ Μητρὶ τῶν θεῶν ἐπιθυόμενα |
| κέρνος | earthen dish (with small pots affixed for miscellaneous offerings) |
| κερχνῄς (antiq., freq.) ~ κέρχνη‡ (Hsch.) ~ κέρκνος‡ (Hsch.) ~ κερχνηΐς (Phot., Sch. in Ar.) ~ κεγχρηΐς (Arist., Ael.) ~ κεγχρίς (Arist.) | hawk, falcon (fort. Falco tinnunculus) |
| κέστερ‡ (nom. pl. *κέστεσ) | young men (Argive): νεανίασ. Ἀργεῖοι |
| κήδαλον‡ | genitals |
| κηθίς‡ (Poll.) ~ κήθιον (dim.) ~ κηθίδιον (dim.) ~ κείθιον (Ionic) | dice box |
| κήλαστρος ~ κήλαστρον ~ κηλάστρα‡ (Hsch.) | holly, Ilex Aquifolium |
| κῆμος | lion's leaf, Leontice Leontopetalum |
| κήξ (antiq.) ~ κῆϋξ ~ καύαξ ~ καύηξ | a ravenous sea-bird (fort. gull, Laridae) |
| κήρινθος | bee bread, bee pollen |
| κηρύλος ~ κήρυλος (infreq.) ~ κειρύλος (Ar., lexic.) ~ κείρυλος (Sch. in Ar, Sch. in Lyc.) | fabulous sea-bird |
| κῆτος | sea-monster: huge fish, whale, tunny |
| κηφήν ~ καφάν‡ (Hsch.) ~ κεφῆνος‡ (gen. s; Ascl.) | drone |
| κίβαλος | servant, attendant: διάκονος |
| κίβδος (Arist., Poll.) | dross and debris of metal: τὸ κάθαρμα […] σκωρία |
| κίβισις (antiq.; freq.; inscr.) ~ κίβησις ~ κύβεσις (Hdn.; Hsch.) ~ κύβισις‡ (Hdn.) ~ κίβυσις‡ (Hsch.) ~ κυβησίαν‡ (acc. s. ← κυβησία; Hsch.) | sack, bag, wallet (Cyrpiot ap. Hsch.) |
| κιβωτός ~ κίβος‡ (Suid.) | wooden chest; box |
| κίγκλος ~ κίγκαλος (infreq.) | dabchick, Podiceps ruficollis |
| κίδαλον‡ | onion: κρόμμυον |
| κίδαρις ~ κίταρις (infreq.) ~ κίτταρις‡ (Cypriot; Hsch.) | turban-like headgear (of Persian Kings, Jewish high priests, Cypriot people) |
| κίδαφος (antiq.; Ar. Byz., Hsch.) ~ κίραφος‡ (Laconian ap. Hsch.) ~ κιδάφη (freq.; Hsch., Phot.) ~ κινδάφη‡ (Hsch.) ~ κίνδαφιος‡ (Hsch.) ~ σκιδάφη ~ σκινδαφός (Ar. Byz., Ael.) ~ κίρα‡ (Laconian ap. Hsch.) | fox; bitch-fox |
| κιέλλη‡ | light, sun light, gleam; hoar frost; mist: φέγγος, αὐγή, φῶσ. πάχνη. ὁμίχλη (Hsch.) |
| κιθάρα ~ κιθάρη | lyre; chest |
| κίκαμα | kind of vegetable resembling καυκαλίς |
| κίκερος‡ | dry-land crocodile: ὁ χερσαῖος κροκόδειλος |
| κίκεῤῥοι‡ | vetchling, Lathyrus (Macedonian): ὦχροι. Μακεδόνες |
| κίκι ~κῖκι ~ τῆκι (Hdt. mss.) | castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis; castor-oil |
| κικιβάλους (acc. pl.) ~ κικοβαυλιτίδες (pl.; Hsch.) | a kind of shellfish |
| κικίρδης | fig-tree, Ficus carica: συκῆ |
| κίκκαβος | small coin used in the nether world: ὠνοματοπεποίηταί τι νομισμάτιον ἐν ᾍδου (Hsch.) |
| κίκκασος ~ κίγκασος‡ (Hdn.) | name of a cast of dice |
| κίκκασος‡ | sweat from the inside of the tights: ὁ ἐκ τῶν παραμηρίων ἱδρὼς ῥέων |
| κίκκη‡ | sexual intercourse: συνουσία; bad smell of the genitalia: ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰδοίων δυσοσμία |
| κίκλην‡ | Ursa Maior, the constellation (Phrygian): τὴν ἄρκτον τὸ ἄστρον. Φρύγες |
| κικοβαυλιτίδες‡ (nom. pl.) | a kind of black mussel: κογχυλίου τι γένος μέλαν |
| κικριβινιτίς‡ | purslane, Portulaca oleracea: ἀνδράχνη (Hsch.) |
| κιλίας‡ | male sparrow, Passer: στρουθὸς ἄρσην |
| κιλλίβας | three-legged stand; pedestal, stand |
| κίλλιξ‡ | ox with crooked horns: ἢ βοῦς τὸ ἓν κέρας ἔχων διεστραμμένον |
| κίλλος (Doric ap. Poll.) ~ κίλλαι‡ (nom. pl. fem.; Hsch.) | donkey |
| κίλλος‡ | early morning cicada (Cypriot): τέττιξ πρωϊνὸς ὑπὸ Κυπρίων |
| κίμερος‡ | mind (Phrygian): νοῦσ. Φρύγες |
| κινάβρα ~ κιναύρα‡ (Ps.- Zonar.) | pungent he-goat stench |
| κίναδος (Siceliot ap. EM, Sch. in Teoc.) ~ κινάνδρα‡ (Hsch.) | fox; beast: θηρίον; snake: ὄφισ; rogue |
| κίναιδος | lewd man; male prostitute |
| κιννάβαρι ∼ τιγγάβαρι (Attic; infreq.) ~ κιννάβαρ‡ (Ps.-Zonar.) | cinnabar, bisulphuret of mercury; vermilion pigment |
| κιννάμωμον ~ κίνναμον (recent.: Nic., Sch. in Nic.) | cinnamon, Cinnamomum |
| κινύρα ~ κιννύρα | a kind of string instrument (Hebr. culture) |
| κινώπετον ~ κινόπετον (Ps.-Zonar., Sch. in Lyc.) ~ κνώψ (dim.) | poisonous animal (esp. serpent) |
| κιξάλλης ~ κιξάλης‡ (Hsch.) ~ κίξας | robber: φώρ; thief: κλέπτησ; charlatan wanderer: ἀλαζών [Hsch.]; highway robber: τοὺς ἐν ὁδῷ λῃστάς (Phot.); wily, cunning: πολύτροπος (Suet.) |
| κίξιος‡ | cicada: τέττιξ |
| κίρβα‡ ~ κίββα‡ [Aetolian; Hsch.] | leather pouch: πήρα, διφθέρα. |
| κίρις (Laconian; Hdn.) ~ κίρρις‡ (Laconian; EM) ~ ἀκιρίς‡ (Hsch.) | lamp: παρὰ Λάκωσι δὲ, ὁ λύχνος (EM) |
| κιρκαία ~ κιρκέα ~ διρκαία | black swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum nigrum |
| κίρκη | a kind of bird |
| κίρκος | falcon; hawk |
| κίρων‡ | lewd person: κυρίως μὲν ὁ σάτυροσ; sexually aroused man: ἐντεταμένοσ; unable to copulate: ἀδύνατος πρὸς συνουσίαν; injury at the genitals: αἰδοίου βλάβη; circumcised: ἀπεσκολυμμένοσ; effeminate man: ὁ γυναικίασ; unable to have an erection: μὴ δυνάμενος χρῆσθαι |
| κίσθος ~ κίστος | rock-rose, Cistus (resinous shrub) |
| κίσιρνις‡ (Hsch.) ~ κίσσιρις‡ (Suid.) ~ κίσινδις‡ (Sch. in Ar.) | a kind of bird |
| κίσπρα‡ | bitter, hostile person (Coan): πικρὰ τὸ ἦθος, παλίγκοτοσ. Κῷοι |
| κίσσα | a kind of crustacean: (fort. Squilla mantis: κραγγών): ἰχθῦς ποιός |
| κίσσα ~ κίττα (Attic) ~ κεῖσσα‡ (Lac. ap. Hsch.) | jay, Garrulus glandarius |
| κίσσηρις (antiq.; freq.) ~ κίσηρις ~ κίσηλις (infreq.; lexic.) | pumice stone |
| κισσός ~ κιττός (Attic) ~ ἄκισσος (Ammon.) | ivy, Hedera helix |
| κίστη | basket, hamper |
| κιττώ‡ | a kind of cinnamon |
| κίφος‡ | crown, garland (Messenian): τῇ κεφαλῇ στέφανος, ὃν οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κίφος καλοῦσι τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ φωνῇ |
| κίχλη (freq.) ~ κίχλα (antiq.) ~ κιχήλη (infreq.) ~ ἴχλα (infreq.) ~ ἴσκλαι‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) | thrush, Turdidae; a species of wrasse, Labridae |
| κιχόριον (freq.) ~ κιχώριον ~ κιχόρεια (Ar., antiq.) ~ κίχορον ~ κιχόρη‡ (Thphr.) ~ κεχειρῶν (gen. pl. ← *-ον; Alex., Ath.) | chicory, Cichorium Intybus |
| κλάνια‡ (nom. pl.; Hsch.) ~ κλάρια (nom. pl.) | armlet: ψέλλια βραχιόνων |
| κλάπη ~ κλάπος (Tz.) ~ κλάπα‡ (Ps.-Zonar.) | wooden shoe (worn in baths; DC 77.4.3) |
| κλάρας‡ | palm tree: φοίνιξ, τὸ δένδρον |
| κλεμμύς | tortoise |
| κλίβανος (freq.) ~ κρίβανος (antiq.) | covered earthen vessel (used to bake bread) |
| κλοιός ~ κλῳός (Attic) | collar: dog collar; prisoners collar; ornamental collar |
| κλύβατις ~ κουλυβάτεια (Nic., lexic.) | ἑλξίνη: pellitory, Parietaria officinalis; bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis; Smilax aspera |
| κλωβός ~ κλουβός (pap.) | bird-cage |
| κλῶδις‡ | thief: κλέπτης |
| κλῶμαξ ~ κρῶμαξ‡ (Hsch.) | heap of stones: σωρὸς λίθων; tomb: τάφος, μνῆμα; [Hsch.] |
| κνάψ | fire-brand, torch: ὁ δαλός (Hdn.) |
| κνέφας | darkness; twilight |
| κνύος | itch |
| κνώδαλον ~ κνώδη‡ (dim.; Hsch.) | wild creature, beast |
| κνώδαξ | pin, pivot; axis; horse's bit: χαλινόν (Hsch.) |
| κνώδων | point of a blade: sword- point, spear-point: ἡ ἀκμὴ τοῦ ξίφους καὶ τοῦ δόρατος (Hsch.); two- edged sword; sword |
| κνωπεύς‡ ~ κνουπεύς‡ ~ κυνοῦπες‡ (Macedonian) | bear: ἄρκτος |
| κοαλδδεῖν‡ | king (Lydian): Λυδοὶ τὸν βασιλέα |
| κόαλοι‡ | βάρβαροι: foreigners, barbarians |
| κόβαλος | impudent rogue, arrogant knave |
| κόβειρος | joker: γελοιαστήσ; mocker: σκώπτης, abusive railer: λοιδοριστής |
| κοβελίσκον‡ | cup; bowl: τρυβλίον |
| κόγχη (freq.) ~ κόγχος | mussel; anything shaped like a mussel- shell |
| κόδαλα‡ | mullet: ἰχθῦς, κεστρεύς |
| κόθορνος | high boot; stage shoe (for Tragedies) |
| κόθωνοι‡ (nom. pl.) ~ χόθωνωθ | garment worn by Jewish priests: κόθωνοι τῶν ἱερέων |
| κόϊξ ~ κόϊς‡ (Epich.) [plant] ~ κοῦκιον (fruit, pap.) | doum-palm, Hyphaene thebaica |
| κοκκοβάγη‡ (antiq.; Hsch.) ~ κακοβάϊαν‡ (Ps.- Zonar.) ~ κουκουβαΐα (Sch. in Opp.) ~ κουκουβάια‡ (Sch. in Hom.) | little owl: γλαῦξ (Hsch.) |
| κόκκος | grain, seed, kernel (of a fruit) |
| κοκκυγέα | wig-tree, Rhus Cotinus |
| κοκρύδες ~ κροκύδες‡ (Hdn.) [nom. pl.] ~ κροκύς‡ (Hdn.) | robber: λῃστῶν; thief: κλεπτῶν [Hsch.] |
| κοκύαι ~ κοκκύαι (Suid.) ~ κουκᾶνα‡ (acc. s.; Hsch.) | ancestors: πρόγονοι; grandparents: πάπποι (Ionic ap. Et. Gud.) |
| κολεόν ~ κουλεόν (poetic) | sheath, scabbard (of swords) |
| κολίας | coly-mackerel, Scomber colias |
| κόλλαβος | roll or loaf of coarse bread |
| κόλλιξ | roll or loaf of coarse bread |
| κόλλοβος‡ | dried fig: ξηρὰ συκῆ |
| κόλλουρος‡ | a kind of fish |
| κόλλυβος | small coin |
| κολλύρα ~ κολλούρα | a kind of bread |
| κολόβριον (dim.; antiq.; Ar. Byz., Eust.) ~ κόλοβρον (Did. Caec., Ps.- Zonar.) ~ κόλαβρος ~ μολόβριον (dim.; infreq.) | piglet |
| κολοιτία ~ κολουτέα‡ (Thphr.) ~ κολοτέα‡ (Hsch.) ~ κοιλώτεα‡ (Hsch.) | a tree of the Lipari: Cytisus aeolicus (LSJ); carob-tree, Ceratonia Siliqua: κερωνία, ἥν τινες καλοῦσι συκῆν Αἰγυπτίαν, καὶ ἡ κερκὶς καὶ ἡ κολοιτία περὶ Λιπάραν (Thphr.) |
| κολοκάνοι ~ κολεκάνοι [pl.] | thin and tall people: εὐμήκεις καὶ λεπτοί (Hsch.); τοὺς λεπτοὺς καὶ μακροὺς (Phot.) |
| κολοκύνθη ~ κολοκύντη ~ κολόκυντα ~ κολόκυνθα | various kind of pumpkins |
| κόλον | nourishment, food (preserved in jar) |
| κολοσσός | gigantic statue, figure, puppet |
| κολούλια‡ (nom. pl.) ~ κορύφια‡ (nom. pl.) | a kind of mollusc, sea snail (with a spiral shell): ὁπόσα στρομβοειδῆ |
| κολουρῖτις‡ | earth (Sicel): γῆ […] Σικελοί |
| κολύβδαινα | a kind of crab |
| κόλυθρα (neut. pl.) | ripe figs: τὰ πέπονα σῦκα (Attic; Philem. ap. Ath.) |
| κόλυθροι‡ | testicles |
| κόμαρι ~ κόμμαρι ~ κώμαρις ~ κόμαρις | red dye obtained from root of Comarum palustre |
| κομαρίδας (acc. pl. ← *κομαρίσ) ~ κομμάραι‡ (nom. pl.; Macedonian; Hsch.) ~ κομάραι‡ (nom. pl.; Macedonian; Hsch.) | shrimps, crabs (Macedonian): καρίδεσ. Μακεδόνες |
| κόμαρος ~ κύμαρος | strawberry-tree, Arbutus Unedo |
| κόμβα‡ | hooded crow (Polyrrhenian, Cretan): κορώνη. Πολυρρήνιοι |
| κόμβος ~ κομβοθυλαίαν‡ (acc. s.; deriv.; Sch. in A.) | roll, band, girth |
| κόμη | hair of the head |
| κόμμι | gum of the Acacia arabica |
| κόνδυ | oriental drinking-vessel |
| κόνδυλος ~ κόνδοι‡ (pl.; Hsch.) | knuckle; knucklebone (also used as dice); horn |
| κονίλη | Origanum: oregano, marjoram |
| κόνναρος | prickly evergreen (similar to Zizyphus Spina-Christi): καρπὸς δένδρου ὅμοιος παλιούρῳ (Hsch.) |