Latin | English |
rerum or mundi universitas | the universe |
rerum natura or simply natura | creation; nature |
haec omnia, quae videmus | the visible world |
totius mundi convenientia et consensus | the perfect harmony of the universe |
deus mundum aedificavit, fabricatus est, effecit (not creavit) | God made the world |
deus est mundi procreator (not creator), aedificator, fabricator, opifex rerum | God is the Creator of the world |
elementa; initia or principia rerum | the elements |
elementa et tamquam semina rerum | the elements and first beginnings |
nutus et pondus or simply nutus (ῥοπή) | gravity |
orbis terrae, terrarum | the earth; the globe |
(terra) continens | the continent |
terra (regio) mediterranea | an inland region; the interior |
interior Asia; interiora Asiae | the interior of Asia |
sinus urbis (Sall. Cat. 52. 35) | the heart of the city |
in ipsam or intimam Graeciam penetrare | to penetrate into the heart of Greece |
terra effert (more rarely fert, but not profert) fruges | the earth brings forth fruit, crops |
terra fundit fruges | the earth brings forth fruit abundantly |
animata (animalia) inanimaque (not inanimata) | animate and inanimate nature |
ea, quae terra gignit | the vegetable kingdom |
ea, quae e terra gignuntur | the vegetable kingdom |
ea, quae a terra stirpibus continentur | the vegetable kingdom |
ea quorum stirpes terra continentur (N. D. 2. 10. 26) | the vegetable kingdom |
arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33) | the vegetable kingdom |
radices agere (De Off. 2. 12. 73) | to take root |
gemmas agere | to bud, blossom |
gemmae proveniunt | the trees are budding |
arbores frondescunt | the trees are coming into leaf |
rami late diffunduntur | the twigs are shooting out, spreading |
montes vestiti silvis | wooded hills |
summus mons | the top of a mountain |
culmina Alpium | the summits of the Alps |
sub radicibus montis, in infimo monte, sub monte | at the foot of the mountain |
superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum(both always in the sing.) | to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines |
altissimis montibus undique contineri | to be shut in on all sides by very high mountains |
prospectus est ad aliquid | one has a view over...; one is able to see as far as.. |
collis leniter ab infimo acclivis (opp. leniter a summo declivis) | a gentle ascent |
ad extremum tumulum | on the edge of the hill |
loca edita, superiora | heights, high ground |
loca aspera et montuosa (Planc. 9. 22) | rough and hilly ground |
loca plana or simply plana | level country; plains |
saxa praerupta | steep rocks |
loca inculta | uncultivated districts |
loca deserta (opp. frequentia) | deserts |
loca amoena, amoenitas locorum | pleasant districts; charming surroundings |
summa aqua | the surface of the water |
ex aqua exstare | to stand out of the water |
aqua est umbilīco tenus | the water reaches to the waist |
aqua pectus aequat, superat | the water is up to, is above, the chest |
(se) ex aqua emergere | to come to the surface |
aquam ex flumine derivare | to draw off water from a river |
aquam ducere per hortum | to bring a stream of water through the garden |
aquae ductus (plur. aquarum ductus) | a conduit; an aqueduct |
agros irrigare | to irrigate fields |
aqua viva, profluens (opp. stagnum) | running water |
aqua iugis, perennis | a perpetual spring |
frigidā, calidā lavari (Plin. Ep. 3. 5. 11) | to take a cold, warm, bath |
aquae, aquarum inops | ill-watered |
fluctuare or fluctuari | driven by the waves |
fluctibus iactari | tossed hither and thither by the waves |
fluctibus (undis) obrui,submergi | to be engulfed |
gurgitibus hauriri | to be drowned in the eddies |
flumen citatum fertur | the rivers flows with a rapid current |
flumen imbribus auctum | a river swollen by the rain |
flumen super ripas effunditur | the river is over its banks, is in flood |
flumen extra ripas diffluit | the river is over its banks, is in flood |
flumen agros inundat | the river floods the fields |
flumen vado transire | to wade across, to ford a river |
flumine secundo | with the stream; downstream |
flumine adverso | against the stream; upstream |
Rhenus oritur or profluit ex Alpibus | the Rhine rises in the Alps |
accessus et recessus aestuum | ebb and flow (of tide) |
decessus aestus | the ebb |
aestus maritimi mutuo accedentes et recedentes (N. D. 2. 53. 132) | the alternation of tides |
aestus ex alto se incitat (B. G. 3.12) | the tide is coming in |
aestu rursus minuente | when the tide begins to go down |
mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur | there is a storm at sea |
mare medium or internum | the Mediterranean Sea |
ignem facere, accendere | to light, make a fire |
ignem tectis inferre, subicere | to set fire to houses |
ignem concipere, comprehendere | to take fire |
ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51) | to make up, stir up a fire |
ignem alere | to keep up a fire |
accendere, incendere aedificia | to set buildings on fire |
inflammare urbem | to set fire to a city |
flammis corripi | to be devoured by the flames |
incendio flagrare, or simply conflagrare, ardere (Liv. 30. 7) | to be on fire, in flames |
incendio deleri, absūmi | to be burned to ashes |
igni cremari, necari | to perish in the flames |
ignem conclamare | to raise an alarm of fire |
ventus ignem distulit (B. G. 5. 43) | the wind spread the conflagration |
aer terrae circumiectus or circumfusus | the atmosphere |
aer qui est terrae proximus | the atmosphere |
suspicere(in) caelum | to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky |
oculos tollere, attollere ad caelum | to raise the eyes to heaven; to look up to the sky |
sub divo | in the open air |
orbis finiens (Div. 2. 44. 92) | the horizon |
caelum or natura caeli | climate |
caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas) | healthy climate |
caeli temperatio | temperate climate |
aer calore et frigore temperatus | temperate climate |
caeli asperitas | rough climate |
caeli varietas | variable climate |
caelestia | (1) the heavenly bodies, (2) celestial phenomena |
sol oritur, occidit | the sun rises, sets |
ortus, occasus solis | sunrise; sunset |
sol(luna) deficit, obscuratur | the sun, moon, is eclipsed |
solis defectio | an eclipse of the sun |
luna crescit; decrescit, senescit | the moon waxes, wanes |
motus stellarum constantes et rati | the regular courses of the stars |
cursum conficere in caelo | to run its course in the sky |
caelum astris distinctum et ornatum | the star-lit sky; the firmament |
nox sideribus illustris | a star-light night |
stellae errantes, vagae | the planets |
stellae inerrantes (N. D. 2. 21. 54) | the fixed stars |
sidera certis locis infixa | the fixed stars |
orbis lacteus | the milky way |
orbis signifer | the zodiac |
vertex caeli, axis caeli, cardo caeli | the pole |
orbis, pars (terrae), cingulus | a zone |
orbis medius | the temperate zone |
vocis imago, or simply imago | an echo |
saxa voci respondent or resonant | the rocks re-echo |
ventus remittit (opp. increbrescit) | the wind is falling |
ventus cadit, cessat | the wind dies down, ceases |
ventis secundis, adversis uti | to have favourable, contrary, winds |
ventus se vertit in Africum | the wind is turning to the south-west |
tempestas cooritur | a storm is rising |
imber tenet (Liv. 23. 44. 6) | the rain continues |
imbres repente effusi | a sudden shower |
tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci | to meet with good weather |
calor se frangit (opp. increscit) | the heat is abating |
sol ardet, urit | the sun burns, scorches |
ardore solis torreri | to be dried up by the sun's heat |
tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut | the frost set in so severely that.. |
frigore (gelu) rigere, torpere | to be numb with cold |
frigore confici | to freeze to death |
aestus et frigoris patientem esse | to be able to bear heat and cold |
tempestas cum magno fragore (caeli) tonitribusque (Liv. 1. 16) | a storm accompanied by heavy claps of thunder |
caelum tonitru contremit | the heavens are shaken by the thunder |
fulmina micant | the lightning flashes |
fulmen locum tetigit | the lightning has struck somewhere |
fulmine tangi, ici | to be struck by lightning |
de caelo tangi, percuti | to be struck by lightning |
fulmine ictus | struck by lightning |
eruptiones ignium Aetnaeorum | an eruption of Etna |
Vesuvius evomit (more strongly eructat) ignes | Vesuvius is discharging flame |
venti ab ortu solis flant | the east winds are blowing |
spectare in (vergere ad) orientem (solem), occidentem (solem), ad meridiem, in septentriones | to lie to the east, west, south, north |
spectare inter occasum solis et septentriones | to be situate to the north-west |
Germania quae or Germaniae ea pars quae, ad orientem, occidentem vergit | eastern, western Germany |
est a septentrionibus collis | a hill lies to the north |
situs loci | the situation of a place |
natura loci | the natural position of a place |
opportunitas loci (B. G. 3. 14) | the advantageous situation of a place |
opportuno loco situm or positum esse | to be favourably situated |
urbs situ ad aspectum praeclara est | the city is very beautifully situated |
oppidum mari adiacet | the town lies near the sea |
villa tangit viam | the country-house stands near the road |
oppidum colli impositum est | the town stands on rising ground |
oppidum monti subiectum est | the town lies at the foot of a mountain |
promunturium in mare procurrit | a promontory juts out into the sea |
paeninsula in mare excurrit, procurrit | a peninsula projects into the sea |
promunturium superare | to double a cape |
urbs in sinu sita est | the city is situate on a bay |
tangere, attingere terram | to be contiguous, adjacent to a country |
finitimum esse terrae | to be contiguous, adjacent to a country |
continentem esse terrae or cum terra (Fam. 15. 2. 2) | to have the same boundaries; to be coterminous |
Gallia Rhodano continetur (vid. sect. V. 4., note contineri aliqua re...) | Gaul is bounded by the Rhone.[TR1] |
Rhodanus Sequanos ab Helvetiis dividit | the Rhone.[TR2] is the frontier between the Helvetii and the Sequani |
fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre | to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom |
(ex) finibus excedere | to evacuate territory |
in Sequanis | in the country of the Sequani |
in Sequanos proficisci | to invade the territory of the Sequani |
porrigi ad septentriones | to stretch northwards |
haec gens pertinet usque ad Rhenum | the territory of this race extends as far as the Rhine |
in latitudinem, in longitudinem patere | to extend in breadth, in length |
late patere (also metaphorically vid. sect. VIII. 8) | to have a wide extent |
imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur | the empire reaches to the ends of the world |
longe, procul abesse ab urbe | to be far from town |
prope (propius, proxime) abesse | to be not far away |
paribus intervallis distare | to be equidistant |
tantundem viae est | the road is the same length |
longo spatio, intervallo interiecto | at a great distance |
intervallo locorum et temporum disiunctum esse | to be separated by an immense interval of space and time |
a mille passibus | a mile away |
e longinquo | from a distance |
loca longinqua | distant places |
ultimae terrae | the most distant countries, the world's end |
extremae terrae partes | the most distant countries, the world's end |
longinquae nationes | distant nations |
viam sternere (silice, saxo) | to pave a road |
substruere viam glarea (Liv. 41. 27) | to make a gravel path |
via strata | a street, a made road |
via trita | a well-trodden, much-frequented way |
viam munire | to make a road |
viam patefacere, aperire | to open a route |
ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes) | to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks) |
viam intercludere | to obstruct a road; to close a route |
iter obstruere | to obstruct a road; to close a route |
via fert, ducit aliquo | a road leads somewhere |
in viam se dare | to set out on a journey |
viae se committere | to set out on a journey |
viam ingredi, inire (also metaphorically) | to enter upon a route; to take a road |
rectā (viā) | straight on |
de via declinare, deflectere (also metaphorically) | to turn aside from the right way; to deviate |
(de via) decedere alicui | make way for any one |
Appia via proficisci | to set out by the Appian road |
erranti viam monstrare | to direct a person who has lost his way |
errores Ulixis | the wanderings of Ulysses |
viam persequi (also metaphorically) | to continue one's journey, pursue one's course |
longam viam conficere | to accomplish a long journey |
fessus de via | weary with travelling; way-worn |
Hercules in trivio, in bivio, in compitis | Hercules at the cross-roads, between virtue and vice |
iter facere | (1) to take a journey, (2) to make, lay down a road (rare) |
una iter facere | to travel together |
iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra) | to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land) |
iter aliquo dirigere, intendere | to journey towards a place |
tendere aliquo | to journey towards a place |
longum itineris spatium emetiri | to finish a very long journey |
ex itinere redire | to return from a journey |
in itinere | on a journey; by the way |
iter terrestre, pedestre | travel by land, on foot |
itinera diurna nocturnaque | travelling day and night |
iter unius diei or simply diei | a day's journey |
iter impeditum | an impassable road |
disiunctissimas ultimas terras peragrare (not permigrare) | to travel through the most remote countries |
peregrinatio | a foreign journey |
peregrinari, peregre esse | to be travelling abroad |
peregre proficisci | to go abroad |
aliquem proficiscentem prosequi | to accompany any one when starting; to see a person off |
aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...) | to wish any one a prosperous journey |
rus excurrere | to make a pleasure-trip into the country |
ruri vivere, rusticari | to live in the country |
vita rustica | country life (the life of resident farmers, etc.) |
rusticatio, vita rusticana | country life (of casual, temporary visitors) |
pedibus ire | to go on foot |
discedere a, de, ex loco aliquo | to leave a place |
egredi loco; excedere ex loco | to leave a place |
decedere loco, de, ex loco | to quit a place for ever |
ingredi, intrare urbem, introire in urbem | to enter a city |
portā ingredi, exire | to go in at, go out of a gate |
extra portam egredi | to go outside the gate |
commeare ad aliquem | to go in and out of any one's house; to visit frequently |
Romam venire, pervenire | to come to Rome |
adventus Romam, in urbem | arrival in Rome, in town |
in unum locum convenire, confluere | to collect together at one spot |
Romam concurrere (Mil. 15. 39) | to stream towards Rome |
obviam ire alicui | to meet any one |
obviam venire alicui | to go to meet some one |
obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri | to meet some one by chance |
incidere in aliquem | to meet, come across a person; to meet casually |
offendere, nancisci aliquem | to meet, come across a person; to meet casually |
obviam alicui aliquem mittere | to send to meet a person |
curru vehi, in rheda (Mil. 21. 55) | to drive |
equo vehi | to ride |
sternere equum | to saddle a horse |
conscendere equum | to mount |
ascendere in equum | to mount |
descendere ex equo | to dismount |
in equo sedere; equo insidēre | to be on horseback |
(in) equo haerere | to sit a horse well; to have a good seat |
calcaria subdere equo | to put spurs to a horse |
calcaribus equum concitare | to put spurs to a horse |
equo citato or admisso | at full gallop |
freno remisso; effusis habenis | with loose reins |
equum in aliquem concitare | ride against any one at full speed; charge a person |
habenas adducere | to tighten the reins |
habenas permittere | to slacken the reins |
admittere, permittere equum | to give a horse the reins |
frenos dare equo | to give a horse the reins |
agitare equum | to make a horse prance |
moderari equum | to manage a horse |
equi consternantur | the horses are panic-stricken, run away |
equos incitatos sustinere | to bring horses to the halt when at full gallop |
gradum facere | to take a step |
gradum addere (sc. gradui) (Liv. 26. 9) | to increase one's pace |
suspenso gradu | on tiptoe |
gradum sensim referre | to retreat step by step |
vestigia alicuius sequi, persequi or vestigiis aliquem sequi, persequi | to follow in any one's steps |
vestigiis alicuius insistere, ingredi (also metaph.) | to follow in any one's steps |
loco or vestigio se non movere | not to stir from one's place |
recta (regione, via); in directum | in a straight line |
in obliquum | in an oblique direction; sideways |
obliquo monte decurrere | to run obliquely down the hill |
in contrarium; in contrarias partes | in an opposite direction |
in transversum, e transverso | across; transversely |
quoquo versus; in omnes partes | in all directions |
in diversas partes or simply diversi abeunt, discedunt | they disperse in different directions |
huc (et) illuc | hither and thither |
ultro citroque | on this side and on that; to and fro |
longe lateque, passim (e.g. fluere) | far and wide; on all sides; everywhere |
se conferre in aliquem locum | to go to a place |
petere locum | to go to a place |
quo tendis? | where are you going? |
sublimem or sublime (not in sublime or sublimiter) ferri, abire | to fly aloft; to be carried into the sky |
praecipitem ire; in praeceps deferri | to fall down headlong |
in profundum deici | to fall down into the abyss |
se deicere de muro | to throw oneself from the ramparts |
deicere aliquem de saxo Tarpeio | to throw some one down the Tarpeian rock |
Nilus praecipitat ex altissimis montibus | the Nile rushes down from very high mountains |
se proripere ex domo | to rush out of the house |
humi procumbere | to fall on the ground |
humi prosternere aliquem | to throw any one to the ground |
in terram cadere, decidere | to fall to the earth |
in terram demergi | to sink into the earth |
appropinquare urbi, rarely ad urbem | to draw near to a city |
propius accedere ad urbem or urbem | to advance nearer to the city |
longius progredi, procedere | to march further forward |
Romam versus proficisci | to advance in the direction of Rome |
ad Romam proficisci | to set out for Rome |
properat, maturat proficisci | he starts in all haste, precipitately |
consequi, assequi aliquem | to catch some one up |
praecurrere aliquem (celeritate) | to overtake and pass some one |
post se relinquere aliquem | to overtake and pass some one |
multitudo circumfunditur alicui | a crowd throngs around some one |
per totum corpus diffundi | to spread over the whole body |
tempus praeterit, transit | time passes |
tempus habere alicui rei | to have time for a thing |
tempus mihi deest ad aliquid faciendum | I have no time to do something |
tempus consumere in aliqua re | to pass one's time in doing something |
tempus terere, conterere (in) aliqua re | to waste time on something |
tempus conferre ad aliquid | to employ one's time in.. |
tempus tribuere alicui rei | to devote time to anything |
tempus non amittere, perdere | to lose no time |
nullum tempus intermittere, quin (also ab opere, or ad opus) | to devote every spare moment to...; to work without intermission at a thing |
tempus ducere | to spend time |
aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre | to put off till another time; to postpone |
nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut | I cannot wait till.. |
nihil mihi longius est quam (c. Inf.) | nothing is more tiresome to me than.. |
tempus (spatium) deliberandi or ad deliberandum postulare, dare, sibi sumere | to require, give, take time for deliberation |
paucorum dierum spatium ad deliberandum dare | to give some one a few days for reflection |
tempori servire, cedere | to accommodate oneself to circumstances |
ex quo tempore or simply ex quo | since the time that, since (at the beginning of a sentence) |
eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum | at the same moment that, precisely when |
incidunt tempora, cum | occasions arise for.. |
tempus (ita) fert (not secum) | circumstances demand |
tempus maximum est, ut | it is high time that.. |
haec tempora, nostra haec aetas, memoria | the present day |
his temporibus, nostra (hac) aetate, nostra memoria, his (not nostris) diebus | in our time; in our days |
nostra aetas multas victorias vidit | our generation has seen many victories |
memoria patrum nostrorum | in our fathers' time |
aetate (temporibus) Periclis | in the time of Pericles |
antiquis temporibus | in old days, in the olden time |
libera re publica | in the time of the Republic |
tempora Caesariana | the imperial epoch |
media quae vocatur aetas | the middle ages |
Pericles summus vir illius aetatis | Pericles, the greatest man of his day |
Pericles, quo nemo tum fuit clarior | Pericles, the greatest man of his day |
Pericles, vir omnium, qui tum fuerunt, clarissimus | Pericles, the greatest man of his day |
vir ut temporibus illis doctus | a man of considerable learning for those times |
tempore progrediente | in process of time |
primo quoque tempore | at the first opportunity |
hoc tempore | at this moment |
puncto temporis | in an instant |
momento temporis | at the important moment |
in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis | just at the critical moment |
temporis causa | on the spur of the moment |
ad tempus adesse | to be there at a given time |
ad exiguum tempus | for a short time |
brevis or exigui temporis | for a short time |
satis longo intervallo | after a fairly long interval |
spatio temporis intermisso | after some time |
in praesentia, in praesens (tempus) | at present; for the moment |
in posterum; in futurum | for the future |
in perpetuum | for ever |
semel atque iterum; iterum ac saepius; identidem; etiam atque etiam | more than once; repeatedly |
futura providere (not praevidere) | to foresee the future |
futura or casus futuros (multo ante) prospicere | to foresee the far distant future |
futura non cogitare, curare | to take no thought for the future |
saeculi consuetudo or ratio atque inclinatio temporis (temporum) | the spirit of the times, the fashion |
his moribus | according to the present custom, fashion |
praeterito anno (not praeterlapso) | in the past year |
superiore, priore anno | last year |
proximo anno | (1) last year; (2) next year |
insequenti(e) anno (not sequente) | in the following year |
anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso | after a year has elapsed |
anno vertente | in the course of the year |
initio anni, ineunte anno | at the beginning of the year |
exeunte, extremo anno | at the end of the year |
singulis annis, diebus | year by year; day by day |
quinto quoque anno | every fifth year |
ad annum | a year from now |
amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis | it is more than twenty years ago |
viginti anni et amplius, aut plus | twenty years and more |
abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis | twenty years ago |
quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi | I have not seen you for five years |
quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest | he has been absent five years |
anno ab urbe condita quinto | in the fifth year from the founding of the city |
commutationes temporum quadripartitae | the succession of the four seasons |
verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore | in spring, summer, autumn, winter time |
ineunte, primo vere | at the beginning of spring |
ver appetit | spring is approaching |
suavitas verni temporis | the charms of spring |
summa aestate, hieme | in the height of summer, depth of winter |
hiems subest | winter is at hand |
hiemem tolerare | to bear the winter |
anni descriptio | the division of the year (into months, etc.) |
annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris | the intercalary year (month, day) |
fasti | the calender (list of fasts and festivals) |
ante lucem | before daybreak |
prima luce | at daybreak |
luce (luci) | in full daylight |
ubi illuxit, luxit, diluxit | when it was day |
lucet | it is daylight |
diluculo | in the morning twilight |
advesperascit | evening is drawing on |
die, caelo vesperascente | when it is growing dusk; towards evening |
multus dies or multa lux est | the day is already far advanced |
ad multam noctem | till late at night |
de nocte, de die | while it is still night, day |
multa de nocte | late at night |
intempesta, concubia nocte | in the dead of night; at midnight |
silentio noctis | in the silence of the night |
vicissitudines dierum noctiumque | the succession of day and night |
noctes diesque, noctes et dies, et dies et noctes, dies noctesque, diem noctemque | night and day |
tempus matutīnum, meridianum, vespertinum, nocturnum | morning, noon, evening, night |
tempora matutina | the morning hours |
in dies (singulos) | from day to day |
in diem vivere | to live from day to day |
alternis diebus | every other day |
quattuor dies continui | four successive days |
unus et alter dies | one or two days |
dies unus, alter, plures intercesserant | one, two, several days had passed, intervened |
diem proferre (Att. 13. 14) | to adjourn, delay |
biduo serius | two days late |
horā citius | an hour too soon |
postridie qui fuit dies Non. Sept. (Nonarum Septembrium) (Att. 4. 1. 5) | on the day after, which was September 5th |
hodie qui est dies Non. Sept.; cras qui dies futurus est Non. Sept. | to-day the 5th of September; tomorrow September the 5th |
dies hesternus, hodiernus, crastinus | yesterday, to-day, tomorrow |
diem dicere colloquio | to appoint a date for an interview |
ad diem constitutam | at the appointed time |
diem videre, cum... | to live to see the day when.. |
dies dolorem mitigabit | time will assuage his grief |
quota hora est? | what time is it? |
tertia hora est | it is the third hour (= 9 A.M.) |
ad horam compositam | at the time agreed on |
omnibus artubus contremiscere | to tremble in every limb |
aures claudere, patefacere (e.g. veritati, assentatoribus) | to turn a deaf ear to, to open one's ears to.. |
aures praebere alicui | to listen to a person |
aures alicuius obtundere or simply obtundere (aliquem) | to din a thing into a person's ears |
in aurem alicui dicere (insusurrare) aliquid | to whisper something in a person's ears |
ad aures alicuius (not alicui) pervenire, accidere | to come to some one's ears |
aures erigere | to prick up one's ears |
oratio in aures influit | his words find an easy hearing, are listened to with pleasure |
aures elegantes, teretes, tritae (De Or. 9. 27) | a fine, practised ear |
neque auribus neque oculis satis consto | I am losing my eyesight and getting deaf |
caput aperire (opp. operire) | to uncover one's head |
capite aperto (opp. operto) | bare-headed |
capite obvoluto | with head covered |
caput demittere | to bow one's head |
caput praecīdere | to cut off a man's head |
caput parieti impingere | to strike one's head against the wall |
cervices (in Cic. only in plur.) frangere alicui or alicuius | to break a person's neck |
gladius cervicibus impendet | a sword hangs over his neck |
hostis in cervicibus alicuius est | the foe is at our heels, is upon us |
promittere crinem, barbam | to grow one's hair, beard long |
passis crinibus | with dishevelled hair |
capilli horrent | his hair stands on end |
capilli compti, compositi (opp. horridi) | well-ordered, well-brushed hair |
extremis digitis aliquid attingere | to touch with the fingertips |
frontem contrahere (opp. explicare) | to frown |
frontem ferire, percutere | to beat one's brow |
in fronte alicuius inscriptum est | one can see it in his face |
ab alicuius latere non discedere | to be always at a person's side |
a latere regis esse | to belong to the king's bodyguard |
manum (dextram) alicui porrigere | to give one's hand to some one |
manum non vertere alicuius rei causa | to make not the slightest effort; not to stir a finger |
manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui | to lay violent hands on a person |
manus tollere | to raise one's hands in astonishment |
manus dare | to own oneself conquered, surrender |
manu ducere aliquem | to lead some one by the hand |
manu or in manu tenere aliquid | to hold something in one's hand |
in manibus habere aliquid (also metaphorically) | to have something in one's hands, on hand |
de manu in manus or per manus tradere aliquid | to pass a thing from hand to hand |
ex or de manibus alicui or alicuius extorquere aliquid | to wrest from a person's hand |
e manibus dimittere | to let go from one's hands |
in alicuius manus venire, pervenire | to come into some one's hands |
in alicuius manus incidere | to fall unexpectedly into some one's hands |
in manus(m) sumere aliquid | to take something into one's hands |
in manibus aliquem gestare | to carry in one's arms |
e (de) manibus effugere, elābi | to slip, escape from the hands |
inter manus auferre aliquem | to carry some one away in one's arms |
compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13) | to sit with folded arms; to be inactive |
mordicus tenere aliquid | to hold fast in the teeth (also metaphorically, obstinately) |
oculos conicere in aliquem | to turn one's gaze on; to regard |
oculos circumferre | to look in every direction |
in omnes partes aciem (oculorum) intendere | to gaze intently all around |
omnium oculos (et ora) ad se convertere | to draw every one's eyes upon one |
omnium animos or mentes in se convertere | to attract universal attention |
conspici, conspicuum esse aliqua re | to make oneself conspicuous |
oculos (aures, animum) advertere ad aliquid | to turn one's eyes (ears, attention) towards an object |
oculi in vultu alicuius habitant | his eyes are always fixed on some one's face |
oculos figere in terra and in terram | to keep one's eyes on the ground |
oculos pascere aliqua re (also simply pasci aliqua re) | to feast one's eyes with the sight of.. |
oculos deicere, removere ab aliqua re | to turn one's gaze away from an object |
oculos operire (morienti) | to close the eyes of a dying person |
oculorum aciem alicui praestringere (also simply praestringere) | to dazzle a person |
oculos, lumina amittere | to lose one's sight |
oculis privare aliquem | to deprive a person of his eyes |
luminibus orbare aliquem | to deprive a person of his eyes |
oculis captum esse (vid. sect. IV. 6., note auribus, oculis...) | to be blind |
ante oculos aliquid versatur | something presents itself to my vision |
oculis, ante oculos (animo) proponere aliquid | to picture a thing to oneself; to imagine |
ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite | picture to yourselves the circumstances |
cernere et videre aliquid | to see clearly, distinctly |
oculis mentis videre aliquid | to see with the mind's eye |
in oculis aliquem ferre | to cherish as the apple of one's eye |
aliquis est mihi in oculis | to cherish as the apple of one's eye |
abire ex oculis, e conspectu alicuius | to go out of sight, disappear |
venire in conspectum alicuius | to come in sight |
se in conspectum dare alicui | to show oneself to some one |
fugere alicuius conspectum, aspectum | to keep out of a person's sight |
in conspectu omnium or omnibus inspectantibus | before every one, in the sight of the world |
omnia uno aspectu, conspectu intueri | to take in everything at a glance |
non apparere | to have disappeared |
pedibus obterere, conculcare | to trample under foot |
ad pedes alicuius accidere | to fall at some one's feet |
ad pedes alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procumbere, se prosternere | to throw oneself at some one's feet |
ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre) | to prostrate oneself before a person |
quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre | to fail to see what lies before one |
sanguine manare, redundare | to drip blood; to be deluged with blood |
vultum fingere | to dissemble, disguise one's feelings |
vultus ficti simulatique | a feigned expression |
vultum componere ad severitatem | to put on a stern air |
vultum non mutare | to keep one's countenance, remain impassive |
sensus sani, integri, incorrupti | sound, unimpaired senses |
sensibus praeditum esse | to be endowed with sense |
sensu audiendi carere | not to possess the sense of hearing |
sub sensum or sub oculos, sub aspectum cadere | to come within the sphere of the senses |
sensibus or sub sensus subiectum esse | to come within the sphere of the senses |
sensibus percipi | to be perceptible to the senses |
res sensibus or oculis subiectae (De Fin. 5. 12. 36) | the world of sense, the visible world |
res quas oculis cernimus | the world of sense, the visible world |
res externae | the world of sense, the visible world |
sensus movere (more strongly pellere) | to make an impression on the senses |
aliquid sensus suaviter afficit | a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses |
aliquid sensus iucunditate perfundit | a thing makes a pleasant impression on the senses |
pulsu externo, adventicio agitari | to be affected by some external impulse, by external impressions |
sevocare mentem a sensibus (De Nat. D. 3. 8. 21) | to free one's mind from the influences of the senses |
aliquid a sensibus meis abhorret | something offends my instincts, goes against the grain |
vires corporis or merely vires | bodily strength |
vires colligere | to gain strength |
vires aliquem deficiunt | to lose strength |
dum vires suppetunt | as long as one's strength holds out |
bonis esse viribus | to be robust, vigorous |
pro viribus or pro mea parte | as well as I can; to the best of my ability |
pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.) | as well as I can; to the best of my ability |
in lucem edi | to see the light, come into the world |
ei, propter quos hanc lucem aspeximus | those to whom we owe our being |
tollere or suscipere liberos | to accept as one's own child; to make oneself responsible for its nurture and education |
aliquem in liberorum loco habere | to treat as one's own child |
sexus (not genus) virilis, muliebris | the male, female sex |
patre, (e) matre natus | son of such and such a father, mother |
Cato Uticensis ortus erat a Catone Censorio | Cato of Utica was a direct descendant of Cato the Censor |
originem ab aliquo trahere, ducere | to trace one's descent from some one |
Romae natus, (a) Roma oriundus | a native of Rome |
cuias es | what country do you come from? |
natione, genere Anglus | an Englishman by birth |
ortus ab Anglis or oriundus ex Anglis | a native of England |
urbs patria or simply patria | native place |
animam, spiritum ducere | to breathe, live |
aera spiritu ducere | to breathe the air |
animam continere | to hold one's breath |
cursu exanimari (B.G. 2. 23. 1) | to run till one is out of breath |
spiritum intercludere alicui | to suffocate a person |
in vita esse | to be alive |
vita or hac luce frui | to enjoy the privilege of living; to be alive |
vitam beatam (miseram) degere | to live a happy (unhappy) life |
vitam, aetatem (omnem aetatem, omne aetatis tempus) agere (honeste, ruri, in litteris), degere, traducere | to live (all) one's life (honourably, in the country, as a man of learning) |
dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo | as long as I live |
si vita mihi suppeditat | if I live till then |
si vita suppetit | if I live till then |
quod reliquum est vitae | the rest of one's life |
vitae cursum or curriculum conficere | to finish one's career |
Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam | Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome |
ea aetate, id aetatis esse | to be of such and such an age |
a puero (is), a parvo (is), a parvulo (is) | from youth up |
a teneris unguiculis (ἐξ ἁπαλων ὀνύχων) (Fam. 1. 6. 2) | from one's cradle, from one's earliest childhood |
ab ineunte (prima) aetate (De Or. 1. 21. 97) | from one's entry into civil life |
ex pueris excedere | to leave one's boyhood behind one, become a man |
flos aetatis | the prime of youthful vigour |
aetate florere, vigere | to be in the prime of life |
integra aetate esse | to be in the prime of life |
adulescentia deferbuit | the fires of youth have cooled |
aetate progrediente | with advancing years |
aetate ingravescente | with the weight, weakness of declining years |
aetas constans, media, firmata, corroborata (not virilis) | manhood |
grandior factus | having reached man's estate |
corroborata, firmata aetate | having reached man's estate |
sui iuris factum esse | to have become independent, be no longer a minor |
aetate provectum esse (not aetate provecta) | to be advanced in years |
longius aetate provectum esse | to be more advanced in years |
grandis natu | aged |
aetate affecta esse | to be infirm through old age |
vires consenescunt | to become old and feeble |
senectute, senio confectum esse | to be worn out by old age |
exacta aetate mori | to die at a good old age |
ad summam senectutem pervenire | to live to a very great age |
senectus nobis obrēpit | old age creeps on us insensibly |
admodum adulescens, senex | still quote a young (old) man |
extrema aetas | the last stage of life, one's last days |
extremum tempus aetatis | the last stage of life, one's last days |
vita occidens | the evening of life |
aequalem esse alicuius | to be a contemporary of a person |
maior (natu) | the elder |
aetate alicui antecedere, anteire | to be older than |
quot annos natus es? | how old are you? |
qua aetate es? | how old are you? |
tredecim annos natus sum | I am thirteen years old |
tertium decimum annum ago | I am in my thirteenth year |
puer decem annorum | a boy ten years old |
decimum aetatis annum ingredi | to be entering on one's tenth year |
decem annos vixisse | to be ten years old |
decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse | to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year |
minorem esse viginti annis | to be not yet twenty |
tum habebam decem annos | I was ten years old at the time |
centum annos complere | to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred |
vitam ad annum centesimum perducere | to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred |
accessio paucorum annorum | the addition of a few years |
tertiam iam aetatem videre | to be middle-aged (i.e. between thirty and forty) |
in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere | to happen during a person's life, year of office |
omnium suorum or omnibus suis superstitem esse | to outlive, survive all one's kin |
homines qui nunc sunt (opp. qui tunc fuerunt) | our contemporaries; men of our time |
homines huius aetatis, nostrae memoriae | our contemporaries; men of our time |
posteri | posterity |
scriptores aetate posteriores or inferiores | later writers |
esurire | to be hungry |
fame laborare, premi | to be tormented by hunger, to be starving |
famem tolerare, sustentare | to endure the pangs of hunger |
inediā mori or vitam finire | to starve oneself to death |
fame confici, perire, interire | to die of starvation |
fame necari | to be starved to death (as punishment) |
famem, sitim explere | to allay one's hunger, thirst |
famem sitimque depellere cibo et potione | to allay one's hunger, thirst |
siti cruciari, premi | to suffer agonies of thirst |
sitim colligere | to become thirsty |
sitim haustu gelidae aquae sedare | to slake one's thirst by a draught of cold water |
famis et sitis patientem esse | to be able to endure hunger and thirst |
risum edere, tollere | to begin to laugh |
cachinnum tollere, edere | to burst into a roar of laughter |
risum movere, concitare | to raise a laugh |
risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui | to make a person laugh |
risum captare | to try and raise a laugh |
risum tenere vix posse | to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter |
risum aegre continere posse | to be scarcely able to restrain one's laughter |
aliquid in risum vertere | to make a thing ridiculous, turn it into a joke |
lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere | to burst into a flood of tears |
in lacrimas effundi or lacrimis perfundi | to be bathed in tears |
lacrimis obortis | with tears in one's eyes |
multis cum lacrimis | with many tears |
magno cum fletu | with many tears |
lacrimas tenere non posse | to be hardly able to restrain one's tears |
fletum cohibere non posse | to be hardly able to restrain one's tears |
vix mihi tempero quin lacrimem | to be hardly able to restrain one's tears |
vix me contineo quin lacrimem | to be hardly able to restrain one's tears |
lacrimas or fletum alicui movere | to move to tears |
prae lacrimis loqui non posse | to be unable to speak for emotion |
gaudio lacrimare | to weep for joy |
hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61) | hence these tears; there's the rub |
lacrimula (Planc. 31. 76) | crocodiles' tears |
lacrimae simulatae | crocodiles' tears |
bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) | to enjoy good health |
valetudini consulere, operam dare | to take care of one's health |
firma corporis constitutio or affectio | a good constitution |
infirma, aegra valetudine esse or uti | to be ill, weakly |
in morbum incidit | he fell ill |
aegrotare coepit | he fell ill |
morbo tentari or corripi | to be attacked by disease |
morbo afflīgi | to be laid on a bed of sickness |
lecto teneri | to be confined to one's bed |
vehementer, graviter aeogratare, iacēre | to be seriously ill |
gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari | to be seriously ill |
leviter aegrotare, minus valere | to be indisposed |
aestu et febri iactari | to have a severe attack of fever |
omnibus membris captum esse | to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed |
ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse | to have the gout |
pestilentia (not pestis) in urbem (populum) invadit | the plague breaks out in the city |
animus relinquit aliquem | a man loses his senses, becomes unconscious |
morbus ingravescit | the disease gets worse |
morbo absūmi (Sall. Iug. 5. 6) | to be carried off by a disease |
assidēre aegroto (Liv. 25. 26) | to watch by a sick man's bedside |
aegrotum curare | to treat as a patient (used of a doctor) |
curationes | method of treatment |
aegrotum sanare (not curare) | to cure a patient |
ex morbo convalescere (not reconvalescere) | to recover from a disease |
e gravi morbo recreari or se colligere | to recruit oneself after a severe illness |
melius ei factum est | he feels better |
valetudinem (morbum) excusare (Liv. 6. 22. 7) | to excuse oneself on the score of health |
valetudinis excusatione uti | to excuse oneself on the score of health |
cubitum ire | to go to bed |
somno or quieti se tradere | to lay oneself down to sleep |
somnum capere non posse | to be unable to sleep |
curae somnum mihi adimunt, dormire me non sinunt | I cannot sleep for anxiety |
somnum oculis meis non vidi (Fam. 7. 30) | I haven't had a wink of sleep |
arte, graviter dormire (ex lassitudine) | to sleep soundly (from fatigue) |
artus somnus aliquem complectitur (Rep. 6. 10) | to fall fast asleep |
somno captum, oppressum esse | to be overcome by sleep |
sopītum esse | to be sound asleep |
in lucem dormire | to sleep on into the morning |
somno solvi | to awake |
(e) somno excitare, dormientem excitare | to rouse, wake some one |
e lecto or e cubīli surgere | to rise from one's bed, get up |
per somnum, in somnis | in a dream |
per quietem, in quiete | in a dream |
in somnis videre aliquid or speciem | to see something in a dream |
in somnis visus (mihi) sum videre | I dreamed I saw.. |
species mihi dormienti oblata est | I saw a vision in my dreams |
somnium verum evādit (Div. 2. 53. 108) | my dream is coming true |
somnium interpretari | to explain a dream |
somniorum interpres, coniector | an interpreter of dreams |
somniare de aliquo | to dream of a person |
(de) vita decedere or merely decedere | to depart this life |
(ex) vita excedere, ex vita abire | to depart this life |
de vita exire, de (ex) vita migrare | to depart this life |
mortem (diem supremum) obire | to depart this life |
supremo vitae die | on one's last day |
animam edere or efflare | to give up the ghost |
extremum vitae spiritum edere | to give up the ghost |
animam agere | to be at one's last gasp |
mors immatura or praematura | an untimely death |
mature decedere | to die young |
subita morte exstingui | to be cut off by sudden death |
necessaria (opp. voluntaria) morte mori | to die a natural death |
morbo perire, absūmi, consūmi | to die a natural death |
debitum naturae reddere (Nep. Reg. 1) | to die a natural death |
mortem sibi consciscere | to commit suicide |
se vita privare | to take one's own life |
manus, vim sibi afferre | to lay hands on oneself |
vitae finem facere | to put an end to one's life |
talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13) | such was the end of... (used of a violent death) |
mortem oppetere | to meet death (by violence) |
mortem occumbere pro patria | to die for one's country |
sanguinem suum pro patria effundere or profundere | to shed one's blood for one's fatherland |
vitam profundere pro patria | to sacrifice oneself for one's country |
se morti offerre pro salute patriae | to sacrifice oneself for one's country |
dare venenum in pane | to give a person poison in bread |
venenum sumere, bibere | to take poison |
veneno sibi mortem consciscere | to poison oneself |
poculum mortis (mortiferum) exhaurire (Cluent. 11. 31) | to drain the cup of poison |
potestas vitae necisque | power over life and death |
plagam extremam or mortiferam infligere | to inflict a death-blow |
e or de medio tollere | to remove a person |
perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26) | I'm undone! it's all up with me! |
funere efferri or simply efferri (publice; publico, suo sumptu) | to be interred (at the expense of the state, at one's own cost) |
sepultura aliquem afficere | to bury a person |
iusta facere, solvere alicui | to perform the last rites for a person |
supremo officio in aliquem fungi | to perform the last rites for a person |
funus alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28) | to carry out the funeral obsequies |
funus alicuius exsequi | to attend a person's funeral |
exsequias alicuius funeris prosequi | to attend a person's funeral |
supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) | to perform the last offices of affection |
mortuum in sepulcro condere | to entomb a dead body |
aliquem mortuum cremare (Sen. 23. 84) | to burn a corpse |
pompa funebris | a funeral procession |
funus or exsequias celebrare | to celebrate the obsequies |
ludos funebres alicui dare | to give funeral games in honour of a person |
oratio funebris | a funeral oration |
sepulturae honore carere | to be deprived of the rites of burial |
iustis exsequiarum carere | to be deprived of the rites of burial |
elogium in sepulcro incisum | the epitaph |
sepulcro (Dat.) or in sepulcro hoc inscriptum est | this is the inscription on his tomb.. |
hic situs est... | here lies.. |
aliquem in rogum imponere | to place on the funeral-pyre |
proiici inhumatum (in publicum) | to be cast out unburied |
res humanae or simply res | human life |
haec est rerum humanarum condicio | that is the way of the world; such is life |
sic vita hominum est | that is the way of the world; such is life |
ita (ea lege, ea condicione) nati sumus | this is our natural tendency, our destiny; nature compels us |
res externas or humanas despicere | to despise earthly things |
res humanas infra se positas arbitrari | to feel superior to the affairs of life |
meliore (deteriore) condicione esse, uti | to find one's circumstances altered for the better (the worse) |
condicio ac fortuna hominum infimi generis | the position of the lower classes |
res meae meliore loco, in meliore causa sunt | my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter |
meliorem in statum redigor | my position is considerably improved; my prospects are brighter |
aliquem in antiquum statum, in pristinum restituere | to restore a man to his former position |
in tanta rerum (temporum) iniquitate | under such unfavourable circumstances |
res dubiae, perditae, afflictae | a critical position; a hopeless state of affairs |
in angustias adducere aliquem | to place some one in an embarrassing position |
in angustiis, difficultatibus, esse or versari | to be in a dilemma; in difficulties |
angustiis premi, difficultatibus affici | to be in a dilemma; in difficulties |
agitur praeclare, bene cum aliquo | so-and-so is in a very satisfactory position; prospers |
res ita est, ita (sic) se habet | the facts are these; the matter stands thus |
eadem (longe alia) est huius rei ratio | the case is exactly similar (entirely different) |
hoc longe aliter, secus est | this is quite another matter |
res (ita) fert | circumstances make this necessary; the exigencies of the case are these |
pro re (nata), pro tempore | according to circumstances |
pro tempore et pro re | according to circumstances |
res eo or in eum locum deducta est, ut... | the matter has gone so far that...; the state of affairs is such that.. |
quo loco res tuae sunt? | how are you getting on? |
eadem est causa mea or in eadem causa sum | my circumstances have not altered |
si quid (humanitus) mihi accidat or acciderit | if anything should happen to me; if I die |
quae cum ita sint | under such circumstances |
utcumque res ceciderit | whatever happens; in any case |
initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re | to begin with a thing |
initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei) | to commence a thing |
ab exiguis initiis proficisci | to start from small beginnings |
parare with Inf. | to prepare to do a thing |
aggredi ad aliquid faciendum | to prepare to do a thing |
incunabula doctrinae | the origin, first beginnings of learning |
finem facere alicuius rei | to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing |
finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei | to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing |
ad finem aliquid adducere | to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing |
ad exitum aliquid perducere | to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing |
finem habere | to come to an end |
aliquid (bene, prospere) succedit or procedit (opp. parum procedere, non succedere) | the matter progresses favourably, succeeds |
eventum, exitum (felicem) habere | to turn out (well); to result (satisfactorily) |
quorsum haec res cadet or evadet? | what will be the issue, end, consequence of the matter? |
ad irritum redigere aliquid | to frustrate, nullify |
res aliter cecidit ac putaveram | the result has surprised me; I was not prepared for this development |
quid illo fiet? | what will become of him? |
quid huic homini (also hoc homine) faciam? | what am I to do with this fellow? |
causam afferre | to quote as a reason; give as excuse |
iustis de causis | for valid reasons |
magnae (graves) necessariae causae | cogent, decisive reasons |
non sine causa | on good grounds; reasonably |
quid causae fuit cur...? | how came it that...? |
causa posita est in aliqua re | the motive, cause, is to be found in.. |
causa repetenda est ab aliqua re (not quaerenda) | the motive, cause, is to be found in.. |
multae causae me impulerunt ad aliquid or ut... | I was induced by several considerations to.. |
causam interponere or interserere | to interpose, put forward an argument, a reason |
praetendere, praetexere aliquid | to make something an excuse, pretext |
causam idoneam nancisci | to find a suitable pretext |
per causam (with Gen.) | under the pretext, pretence of.. |
causae rerum et consecutiones | cause and effect |
causae extrinsecus allatae (opp. in ipsa re positae) | extraneous causes |
rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae | concatenation, interdependence of causes |
ex parvis saepe magnarum rerum momenta pendent | important results are often produced by trivial causes |
ex aliqua re nasci, manare | to originate in, arise from |
ab aliqua re proficisci | to originate in, arise from |
ex aliqua re redundare (in or ad aliquid) | to accrue in great abundance |
utilitas efflorescit ex aliqua re | untold advantages arise from a thing |
e fontibus haurire (opp. rivulos consectari or fontes non videre) | to draw from the fountain-head |
haec ex eodem fonte fluunt, manant | these things have the same origin |
fons et caput (vid. sect. III., note caput...) | source, origin |
rationem habere alicuius rei | to have regard for; take into consideration |
respicere aliquid | to have regard for; take into consideration |
quo in genere | from this point of view; similarly |
multis rebus or locis | in many respects; in many points |
in utraque re | in both cases; whichever way you look at it |
ceteris rebus (not cetera) | as regards the rest; otherwise |
omni ex parte; in omni genere; omnibus rebus | from every point of view; looked at in every light |
aliqua ex parte | to a certain extent |
aliquatenus | to a certain extent |
magni (nullius) momenti esse | to be of great (no) importance |
momentum afferre ad aliquid | to determine the issue of; to turn the scale |
pertinere ad aliquid | to be essentially important to a thing |
hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet | a wise man is in no way affected by this |
hoc in sapientem non cadit | it is incompatible with the nature of a wise man; the wise are superior to such things |
multum valere ad aliquid | to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in.. |
multum afferre ad aliquid | to contribute much towards...; to affect considerably; to be instrumental in.. |
magnam vim habere ad aliquid | to have considerable influence on a question |
positum, situm esse in aliqua re | to depend upon a thing |
contineri aliqua re | to depend upon a thing |
consistere in aliqua re | to depend upon a thing |
pendēre ex aliqua re | to depend upon a thing |
in te omnia sunt | everything depends on you |
in ea re omnia vertuntur | all depends on this; this is the decisive point |
constare ex aliqua re | to be composed of; to consist of |
cernitur (in) aliqua re (not ex aliqua re) | it is evident from.. |
in manu, in potestate alicuius situm, positum esse | to be in a person's power |
penes aliquem esse | to be in a person's power |
res integra est | the matter is still undecided; it is an open question |
res mihi integra est | I have not yet committed myself |
mihi non est integrum, ut... | it is no longer in my power |
integrum (causam integram) sibi reservare | to leave the question open; to refuse to commit oneself |
penes te arbitrium huius rei est | the decision of the question rests with you |
arbitrio alicuius omnia permittere | to put the matter entirely in some one's hands |
omnium rerum arbitrium alicui permittere | to put the matter entirely in some one's hands |
arbitratu, arbitrio tuo | just as you wish |
occasio datur, offertur | a favourable opportunity presents itself |
occasione data, oblata | when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs |
per occasionem | when occasion offers; as opportunity occurs |
quotienscunque occasio oblata est; omnibus locis | on every occasion; at every opportunity |
occasionem alicui dare, praebere alicuius rei or ad aliquid faciendum | to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing |
facultatem alicui dare alicuius rei or ut possit... | to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing |
potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund. | to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing |
occasionem nancisci | to get, meet with, a favourable opportunity |
occasione uti | to make use of, avail oneself of an opportunity |
occasionem praetermittere, amittere (through carelessness), omittere (deliberately), dimittere (through indifference) | to lose, let slip an opportunity |
occasioni deesse | to neglect an opportunity |
occasionem arripere | to seize an opportunity |
facultatem, potestatem alicui eripere, adimere | to deprive a man of the chance of doing a thing |
nulla est facultas alicuius rei | no opportunity of carrying out an object presents itself |
locum dare suspicioni | to give ground for suspicion |
ansas dare ad reprehendum, reprehensionis | to give occasion for blame; to challenge criticism |
ansam habere reprehensionis | to contain, afford matter for criticism |
adduci aliqua re (ad aliquid or ut...) | to be induced by a consideration |
nescio quo casu (with Indic.) | by some chance or other |
temere et fortuito; forte (et) temere | quite accidentally, fortuitously |
fortuna secunda uti | to be fortunate, lucky |
fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...) | to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles |
fortunam fautricem nancisci | to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles |
fortuna caecos homines efficit, animos occaecat | Fortune makes men shortsighted, infatuates them |
fortunam tentare, experiri | to try one's luck |
fortunam periclitari (periculum facere) | to run a risk; to tempt Providence |
fortunae se committere | to trust to luck |
fortunam in manibus habere | to have success in one's grasp |
fortunam ex manibus dimittere | to let success slip through one's fingers |
fortuna commutatur, se inclinat | luck is changing, waning |
ludibrium fortunae | the plaything of Fortune |
is, quem fortuna complexa est | Fortune's favourite |
a fortuna desertum, derelictum esse | to be abandoned by good luck |
fortuna aliquem effert | Fortune exalts a man, makes him conspicuous |
rebus secundis efferri | to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity |
ad felicitatem (magnus) cumulus accedit ex aliqua re | his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is.. |
aliquid felicitatis cumulum affert | his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is.. |
aliquid felicitatem magno cumulo auget | his crowning happiness is produced by a thing; the culminating point of his felicity is.. |
in rebus prosperis et ad voluntatem fluentibus | when life runs smoothly |
beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse | happiness, bliss |
ad bene beateque vivendum | for a life of perfect happiness |
peropportune accidit, quod | it is most fortunate that.. |
fortuna adversa | misfortune, adversity |
res adversae, afflictae, perditae | misfortune, adversity |
in calamitatem incidere | to be overtaken by calamity |
calamitatem accipere, subire | to suffer mishap |
nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre | to live a life free from all misfortune |
calamitatem haurire | to drain the cup of sorrow |
omnes labores exanclare | to drain the cup of sorrow |
calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui | to bring mishap, ruin on a person |
calamitatibus affligi | to be the victim of misfortune |
calamitatibus obrui | to be overwhelmed with misfortune |
calamitatibus defungi | to come to the end of one's troubles |
calamitate doctus | schooled by adversity |
conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna | to struggle with adversity |
in malis iacere | to be broken down by misfortune |
malis urgeri | to be hard pressed by misfortune |
fortunae vicissitudines | the vicissitudes of fortune |
ancipites et varii casus | the changes and chances of this life |
sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse | to have to submit to the uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice |
multis casibus iactari | to experience the ups and downs of life |
ad omnes casus subsidia comparare | to be prepared for all that may come |
varia fortuna uti | to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have a chequered career |
multis iniquitatibus exerceri | to be severely tried by misfortune |
fortunae telis propositum esse | to be exposed to the assaults of fate |
fortunae obiectum esse | to be abandoned to fate |
ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse | to be a victim of the malice of Fortune |
fortunae cedere | to acquiesce in one's fate |
aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare | to bring a man to ruin; to destroy |
praecipitem agi, ire | to be ruined, undone |
ad exitium vocari | to be ruined, undone |
ad interitum ruere | to be ruined, undone |
in perniciem incurrere | to be ruined, undone |
pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari | to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin |
perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare | to compass, devise a man's overthrow, ruin |
ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare | to rescue from destruction |
in periculo esse or versari | to be in danger |
res in summo discrimine versatur | the position is very critical |
in vitae discrimine versari | to be in peril of one's life |
in pericula incidere, incurrere | to find oneself in a hazardous position |
pericula alicui impendent, imminent | dangers threaten a man |
pericula in or ad aliquem redundant | many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn |
pericula subire, adire, suscipere | to incur danger, risk |
periculis se offerre | to expose oneself to peril |
salutem, vitam suam in discrimen offerre (not exponere) | to risk one's life |
aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare | to endanger, imperil a person or thing |
alicui periculum creare, conflare | to endanger, imperil a person or thing |
in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre | to recklessly hazard one's life |
salus, caput, vita alicuius agitur, periclitatur, in discrimine est or versatur | a man's life is at stake, is in very great danger |
in ipso periculi discrimine | at the critical moment |
aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare | to rescue from peril |
nullum periculum recusare pro | to avoid no risk in order to.. |
periculis perfungi | to surmount dangers |
periculum facere alicuius rei | to make trial of; to risk |
periculum hostis facere | to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle |
res ad extremum casum perducta est | affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties |
ad extrema perventum est | affairs are desperate; we are reduced to extremeties |
in tuto esse | to be in a position of safety |
in tuto collocare aliquid | to ensure the safety of a thing |
auxilium, opem, salutem ferre alicui | to bring aid to; to rescue |
auxilio alicui venire | to come to assist any one |
alicuius opem implorare | to implore a person's help |
confugere ad aliquem or ad opem, ad fidem alicuius | to fly to some one for refuge |
ad extremum auxilium descendere | to be reduced to one's last resource |
auxilium praesens | prompt assistance |
adesse alicui or alicuius rebus (opp. deesse) | to assist, stand by a person |
salutem alicui afferre | to deliver, rescue a person |
saluti suae consulere, prospicere | to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests |
suis rebus or sibi consulere | to take measures for one's safety; to look after one's own interests |
salutem expedire | to effect a person's deliverance |
solacium praebere | to comfort |
nihil habere consolationis | to afford no consolation |
hoc solacio frui, uti | to solace oneself with the thought.. |
consolari aliquem de aliqua re | to comfort a man in a matter; to condole with him |
consolari dolorem alicuius | to soothe grief |
consolari aliquem in miseriis | to comfort in misfortune |
hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor | I console myself with.. |
haec (illa) res me consolatur | I console myself with.. |
divitiis, copiis abundare | to be rich, wealthy |
magnas opes habere | to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence |
opibus maxime florere | to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence |
omnibus opibus circumfluere | to be very rich; to be in a position of affluence |
fortunis maximis ornatum esse | to be in the enjoyment of a large fortune |
in omnium rerum abundantia vivere | to live in great affluence |
aliquem ex paupere divitem facere | to raise a man from poverty to wealth |
inopia alicuius rei laborare, premi | to suffer from want of a thing |
ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi | to be reduced to (abject) poverty |
vitam inopem sustentare, tolerare | to earn a precarious livelihood |
in egestate esse, versari | to live in poverty, destitution |
vitam in egestate degere | to live in poverty, destitution |
in summa egestate or mendicitate esse | to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar |
stipem colligere | to beg alms |
stipem (pecuniam) conferre | to contribute alms |
usui or ex usu esse | to be of use |
utilitatem afferre, praebere | to be serviceable |
multum (nihil) ad communem utilitatem afferre | to considerably (in no way) further the common good |
aliquid in usum suum conferre | to employ in the furtherance of one's interests |
omnia ad suam utilitatem referre | to consider one's own advantage in everything |
rationibus alicuius prospicere or consulere (opp. officere, obstare, adversari) | to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare |
commodis alicuius servire | to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare |
commoda alicuius tueri | to look after, guard a person's interests, welfare |
meae rationes ita tulerunt | my interests demanded it |
fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re | to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing |
fructus ex hac re redundant in or ad me | (great) advantage accrues to me from this |
aliquid ad meum fructum redundat | I am benefited by a thing |
quid attinet? with Infin. | what is the use of? |
cui bono? | who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party? |
damnum (opp. lucrum) facere | to suffer loss, harm, damage |
damno affici | to suffer loss, harm, damage |
detrimentum capere, accipere, facere | to suffer loss, harm, damage |
iacturam alicuius rei facere | to throw away, sacrifice |
damnum inferre, afferre alicui | to do harm to, injure any one |
damnum ferre | to know how to endure calamity |
incommodo afficere aliquem | to inconvenience, injure a person |
incommodis mederi | to relieve a difficulty |
damnum or detrimentum sarcire (not reparare) | to make good, repair a loss or injury |
damnum compensare cum aliqua re | to balance a loss by anything |
res repetere | to demand restitution, satisfaction |
res restituere | to give restitution, satisfaction |
benevolo animo esse in aliquem | to be well-disposed towards.. |
benevolentiam habere erga aliquem | to be well-disposed towards.. |
benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re) | to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces |
benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre | to show kindness to.. |
benevolentia aliquem complecti or prosequi | to show kindness to.. |
gratiosum esse alicui or apud aliquem | to be popular with; to stand well with a person |
in gratia esse apud aliquem | to be popular with; to stand well with a person |
multum valere gratia apud aliquem | to be highly favoured by; to be influential with.. |
florere gratia alicuius | to be highly favoured by; to be influential with.. |
gratiam inire ab aliquoor apud aliquem | to gain a person's esteem, friendship |
in gratiam alicuius venire | to gain a person's esteem, friendship |
gratiam alicuius sibi quaerere, sequi, more strongly aucupari | to court a person's favour; to ingratiate oneself with.. |
studere, favere alicui | to look favourably upon; to support |
studiosum esse alicuius | to look favourably upon; to support |
propenso animo, studio esse or propensa voluntate esse in aliquem (opp. averso animo esse ab aliquo) | to look favourably upon; to support |
alicui morem gerere, obsequi | to comply with a person's wishes; to humour |
alicuius causa velle or cupere | to be favourably disposed towards |
gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere | to do any one a (great) favour |
se conformare, se accommodare ad alicuius voluntatem | to accomodate oneself to another's wishes |
alicuius voluntati morem gerere | to accomodate oneself to another's wishes |
se convertere, converti ad alicuius nutum | to take one's directions from another; to obey him in everything |
totum se fingere et accommodare ad alicuius arbitrium et nutum | to be at the beck and call of another; to be his creature |
voluntatemor animum alicuius a se abalienare, aliquem a se abalienare or alienare | to become estranged, alienated from some one |
beneficium alicui dare, tribuere | to do any one a service or kindness |
beneficio aliquem afficere, ornare | to do any one a service or kindness |
beneficia in aliquem conferre | to heap benefits upon.. |
beneficiis aliquem obstringere, obligare, devincire | to lay any one under an obligation by kind treatment |
beneficium remunerari or reddere (cumulate) | to (richly) recompense a kindness or service |
gratus (opp. ingratus) animus | gratitude |
gratiam alicui debere | to owe gratitude to; to be under an obligation to a person |
gratiam alicui habere | to feel gratitude (in one's heart) |
gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re | to show gratitude (in one's acts) |
gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re | to thank a person (in words) |
grates agere (dis immortalibus) | to give thanks to heaven |
gratiam mereri | to merit thanks; to do a thankworthy action |
par pari referre | to return like for like |
paria paribus respondere | to return like for like |
bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre | to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for |
benefacta maleficiis pensare | to return evil for good |
maleficia benefactis remunerari | to return good for evil |
pro maleficiis beneficia reddere | to return good for evil |
bene, praeclare (melius, optime) mereri de aliquo | to deserve well at some one's hands; to do a service to.. |
male mereri de aliquo | to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly |
meritum alicuius in or erga aliquem | what a man merits at another's hands |
nullo meo merito | I had not deserved it |
ex, pro merito | according to a man's deserts |
multum (aliquid) alicui rei tribuere | to consider of importance; to set much (some) store by a thing |
multum alicui tribuere | to value, esteem a person |
praemiis (amplissimis, maximis) aliquem afficere | to remunerate (handsomely) |
meritum praemium alicui persolvere | to reward a man according to his deserts |
praemium exponere or proponere | (to encourage) by offering a reward |
praemium ponere | to offer a prize (for the winner) |
palmam deferre, dare alicui | to award the prize to.. |
palmam ferre, auferre | to win the prize |
pacta merces alicuius rei | the stipulated reward for anything |
mercede conductum esse | to be hired, suborned |
orare et obsecrare aliquem | to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests |
magno opere, vehementer, etiam atque etiam rogare aliquem | to entreat earnestly; to make urgent requests |
precibus aliquem fatigare | to importune with petitions |
supplicibus verbis orare | to crave humbly; to supplicate |
precibus obsequi | to grant a request |
alicui petenti satisfacere, non deesse | to accede to a man's petitions |
magnis (infimis) precibus moveri | to be influenced by, to yield to urgent (abject) entreaty |
negare, more strongly denegare alicui aliquid | to refuse, reject a request |
petenti alicui negare aliquid | to refuse, reject a request |
repudiare, aspernari preces alicuius | to refuse, reject a request |
nihil tibi a me postulanti recusabo | I will refuse you nothing |
aliquid ab aliquo impetrare | to gain one's point with any one |
optata mihi contingunt | my wishes are being fulfilled |
voluntati alicuius satisfacere, obsequi | to satisfy a person's wishes |
ex sententia | as one would wish; to one's mind |
aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) | to wish prosperity to an undertaking |
bene id tibi vertat! | I wish you all success in the matter |
mandatum, negotium alicui dare | to entrust a matter to a person; to commission |
negotium ad aliquem deferre | to entrust a matter to a person; to commission |
mandatum exsequi, persequi, conficere | to execute a commission |
iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere | to carry out orders |
amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere | to form a friendship with any one |
amicitiam colere | to keep up, foster a connection |
uti aliquo amico | to be friendly with any one |
est or intercedit mihi cum aliquo amicitia | I am on good terms with a person |
sunt or intercedunt mihi cum aliquo inimicitiae | I am on bad terms with a person |
uti aliquo familiariter | to be on very intimate terms with.. |
artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse | to be bound by the closest ties of friendship |
vetustate amicitiae coniunctum esse | to be very old friends |
amicitiam alicuius appetere | to court a person's friendship |
in amicitiam alicuius recipi | to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with |
ad alicuius amicitiam se conferre, se applicare | to gain some one's friendship; to become intimate with |
aliquem (tertium) ad (in) amicitiam ascribere | to admit another into the circle of one's intimates |
amicitiam renuntiare | to renounce, give up a friendship |
amicitiam dissuere, dissolvere, praecīdere | to renounce, give up a friendship |
amicissimus meus or mihi | my best friend |
homo intimus, familiarissimus mihi | my most intimate acquaintance |
inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo | to be at enmity with a man |
inimicitias cum aliquo suscipere | to make a person one's enemy |
inimicitias deponere | to lay aside one's differences |
aequi iniqui | friend and foe |
placare aliquem alicui or in aliquem | to reconcile two people; to be a mediator |
reconciliare alicuius animum or simply aliquem alicui | to reconcile two people; to be a mediator |
in gratiam aliquem cum aliquo reducere | to reconcile two people; to be a mediator |
in gratiam cum aliquo redire | to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel |
sibi aliquem, alicuius animum reconciliare or reconciliari alicui | to be reconciled; to make up a quarrel |
magna auctoritate esse | to possess great authority; to be an influential person |
auctoritate valere or florere | to possess great authority; to be an influential person |
magna auctoritas est in aliquo | to possess great authority; to be an influential person |
multum auctoritate valere, posse apud aliquem | to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight |
magna auctoritas alicuius est apud aliquem | to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight |
alicuius auctoritas multum valet apud aliquem | to have great influence with a person; to have considerable weight |
auctoritatem or dignitatem sibi conciliare, parare | to gain dignity; to make oneself a person of consequence |
ad summam auctoritatem pervenire | to attain to the highest eminence |
auctoritatem alicuius amplificare (opp. imminuere, minuere) | to increase a person's dignity |
auctoritati, dignitati alicuius illudere | to insult a person's dignity |
dignitas est summa in aliquo | to be in a dignified position |
summa dignitate praeditum esse | to be in a dignified position |
aliquid alienum (a) dignitate sua or merely a se ducere | to consider a thing beneath one's dignity |
aliquid infra se ducere or infra se positum arbitrari | to consider a thing beneath one's dignity |
laudem tribuere, impertire alicui | to praise, extol, commend a person |
laude afficere aliquem | to praise, extol, commend a person |
(maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid | to praise, extol, commend a person |
eximia laude ornare aliquem | to praise, extol, commend a person |
omni laude cumulare aliquem | to overwhelm with eulogy |
laudibus aliquem (aliquid) in caelum ferre, efferre, tollere | to extol, laud to the skies |
alicuius laudes praedicare | to spread a person's praises |
aliquem beatum praedicare | to consider happy |
omnium undique laudem colligere | to win golden opinions from every one |
maximam ab omnibus laudem adipisci | to win golden opinions from every one |
aliquid laudi alicui ducere, dare | to consider a thing creditable to a man |
aliquem coram, in os or praesentem laudare | to praise a man to his face |
recte, bene fecisti quod... | you were right in...; you did right to.. |
res mihi probatur | a thing meets with my approval |
res a me probatur | I express my approval of a thing |
hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem) | I blame this in you; I censure you for this |
vituperationem subire | to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed |
in vituperationem, reprehensionem cadere, incidere, venire | to suffer reproof; to be criticised, blamed |
exprobrare alicui aliquid | to reproach a person with.. |
aliquid alicui crimini dare, vertere | to reproach a person with.. |
conqueri, expostulare cum aliquo de aliqua re | to expostulate with a person about a thing |
rumor, fama, sermo est or manat | report says; people say |
rumor, fama viget | a rumour is prevalent |
fama serpit (per urbem) | a report is spreading imperceptibly |
rumor increbrescit | a report, an impression is gaining ground |
rumorem spargere | to spread a rumour |
famam dissipare | to spread a rumour |
dubii rumores afferuntur ad nos | vague rumours reach us |
auditione et fama accepisse aliquid | to know from hearsay |
fando aliquid audivisse | to know from hearsay |
ex eo audivi, cum diceret | I heard him say.. |
vulgo dicitur, pervulgatum est | every one says |
in ore omnium or omnibus (hominum or hominibus, but only mihi, tibi, etc.) esse | to be in every one's mouth |
per omnium ora ferri | to be in every one's mouth |
in ore habere aliquid (Fam. 6. 18. 5) | to harp on a thing, be always talking of it |
efferre or edere aliquid in vulgus | to divulge, make public |
foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare | to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things) |
in sermonem hominum venire | to be a subject for gossip |
in ora vulgi abire | to be a subject for gossip |
fabulam fieri | to be the talk of the town, a scandal |
nuntio allato or accepto | on receiving the news |
Romam nuntiatum est, allatum est | news reached Rome |
certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re) | to inform a person |
mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re | to mention a thing |
mentionem inicere de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. | to mention a thing incidentally, casually |
in mentionem alicuius rei incidere | to mention a thing incidentally, casually |
mentio alicuius rei incidit | to mention a thing incidentally, casually |
gloriam, famam sibi comparare | to gain distinction |
gloriam (immortalem) consequi, adipisci | to win (undying) fame |
gloriae, laudi esse | to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit |
laudem afferre | to confer distinction on a person; to redound to his credit |
gloria, laude florere | to be very famous, illustrious |
summa gloria florere | to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence |
clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere | to become famous, distinguish oneself |
gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire | to become famous, distinguish oneself |
aliquem immortali gloria afficere | to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one |
aliquem sempiternae gloriae commendare | to confer undying fame on, immortalise some one |
immortalitatem consequi, adipisci, sibi parere | to attain eternal renown |
gloria duci | to be guided by ambition |
laudis studio trahi | to be guided by ambition |
laudem, gloriam quaerere | to be guided by ambition |
stimulis gloriae concitari | to be spurred on by ambition |
gloriae, laudis cupiditate incensum esse, flagrare | to be consumed by the fires of ambition |
de gloria, fama alicuius detrahere | to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person |
alicuius gloriae or simply alicui obtrectare | to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person |
alicuius famam, laudem imminuere | to detract from a person's reputation, wilfully underestimate a person |
obscurare alicuius gloriam, laudem, famam (not obscurare aliquem) | to render obscure, eclipse a person |
famae servire, consulere | to have regard for one's good name |
famam ante collectam tueri, conservare | to live up to one's reputation |
bene, male audire (ab aliquo) | to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of |
bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo | to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of |
famam crudelitatis subire (Catil. 4. 6. 12) | to gain the reputation of cruelty |
infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere | to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour |
infamem facere aliquem | to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour |
magnam sui famam relinquere | to leave a great reputation behind one |
opinionem virtutis habere | to have the reputation of virtue |
existimatio hominum, omnium | the common opinion, the general idea |
esse in honore apud aliquem | to be honoured, esteemed by some one |
honorem alicui habere, tribuere | to honour, show respect for, a person |
aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...) | to honour, show respect for, a person |
aliquem cupiditate honorum inflammare (or aliquem ad cupiditatem honorum inflammare) | to kindle ambition in some one's mind |
honores concupiscere (opp. aspernari) | to aspire to dignity, high honours |
honoris causa aliquem nominare or appellare | to speak of some one respectfully |
statuam alicui ponere, constituere | to set up a statue in some one's honour |
aliquem colere et observare (Att. 2. 19) | to pay respect to, be courteous to a person |
aliquem ignominia afficere, notare | to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person |
alicui ignominiam inurere | to inflict an indignity upon, insult a person |
infamiam concipere, subire, sibi conflare | to incur ignominy |
vitae splendori(em) maculas(is) aspergere | to sully one's fair fame |
notam turpitudinis alicui or vitae alicuius inurere | to injure a man's character, tarnish his honour |
ignominiam non ferre | to chafe under an indignity, repudiate it |
maculam (conceptam) delere, eluere | to blot out a reproach |
studiose (diligenter, enixe, sedulo, maxime) dare operam, ut... | to take great pains in order to.. |
egregiam operam (multum, plus etc. operae) dare alicui rei | to expend great labour on a thing |
operam alicui rei tribuere, in aliquid conferre | to expend great labour on a thing |
operam (laborem, curam) in or ad aliquid impendere | to expend great labour on a thing |
multum operae ac laboris consumere in aliqua re | to exert oneself very energetically in a matter |
studium, industriam (not diligentiam) collocare, ponere in aliqua re | to apply oneself zealously, diligently to a thing |
incumbere in (ad) aliquid | to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing |
opus facere (De Senect. 7. 24) | to do work (especially agricultural) |
opus aggredi | to take a task in hand, engage upon it |
ad opus faciendum accedere | to take a task in hand, engage upon it |
res est multi laboris et sudoris | the matter involves much labour and fatigue |
desudare et elaborare in aliqua re (De Senect. 11. 38) | to exert oneself very considerably in a matter |
labori, operae non parcere | to spare no pains |
laborem non intermittere | to work without intermission |
nullum tempus a labore intermittere | not to leave off work for an instant |
lucubrare (Liv. 1. 57) | to work by night, burn the midnight oil |
inanem laborem suscipere | to lose one's labour |
operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere | to lose one's labour |
rem actam or simply actum agere (proverb.) | to have all one's trouble for nothing |
labore supersedēre (itineris) (Fam. 4. 2. 4) | to spare oneself the trouble of the voyage |
patiens laboris | capable of exertion |
fugiens laboris | lazy |
operae pretium est (c. Inf.) | it is worth while |
acti labores iucundi (proverb.) | rest after toil is sweet |
contentionem adhibere | to exert oneself |
omnes nervos in aliqua re contendere | to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter |
omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut | to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter |
omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut | to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter |
contendere et laborare, ut | to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter |
pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut | to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter |
negotium suscipere | to undertake an affair |
negotium obire, exsequi | to execute, manage a business, undertaking |
negotium conficere, expedire, transigere | to arrange, settle a matter |
negotia agere, gerere | to be occupied with business, busy |
multis negotiis implicatum, districtum, distentum, obrutum esse | to be involved in many undertakings; to be much occupied, embarrassed, overwhelmed by business-claims |
negotiis vacare | to be free from business |
occupatum esse in aliqua re | to be engaged upon a matter |
intentum esse alicui rei | to be engaged upon a matter |
negotium alicui facessere (Fam. 3. 10. 1) | to give a person trouble, inconvenience him |
magnum negotium est c. Inf. | it is a great undertaking to.. |
nullo negotio | without any trouble |
otiosum esse | to be at leisure |
in otio esse or vivere | to be at leisure |
otium habere | to be at leisure |
otio frui | to be at leisure |
otio abundare | to have abundance of leisure |
otium sequi, amplexari | to be a lover of ease, leisure |
otiosum tempus consumere in aliqua re | to spend one's leisure hours on an object |
otio abūti or otium ad suum usum transferre | to use up, make full use of one's spare time |
(in) otio languere et hebescere | to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate |
otio diffluere | to grow slack with inactivity, stagnate |
desidiae et languori se dedere | to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy |
ignaviae et socordiae se dare | to abandon oneself to inactivity and apathy |
per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere | to pass one's life in luxury and idleness |
voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere | to derive pleasure from a thing |
voluptate perfundi | to revel in pleasure, be blissfully happy |
voluptatibus frui | to take one's fill of enjoyment |
voluptates haurire | to take one's fill of enjoyment |
se totum voluptatibus dedere, tradere | to devote oneself absolutely to the pursuit of pleasure |
homo voluptarius (Tusc. 2. 7. 18) | a devotee of pleasure; a self-indulgent man |
voluptatis illecebris deleniri | to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure |
voluptatis blanditiis corrumpi | to be led astray, corrupted by the allurements of pleasure |
in voluptates se mergere | to plunge into a life of pleasure |
animum a voluptate sevocare | to hold aloof from all amusement |
voluptates (corporis) | sensual pleasure |
voluptatis or animi causa (B. G. 5. 12) | for one's own diversion; to satisfy a whim |
deliciis diffluere | to wanton in the pleasures of sense |
animum relaxare, reficere, recreare or simply se reficere, se recreare, refici, recreari (ex aliqua re) | to recruit oneself, seek relaxation |
animum or simply se remittere | to indulge oneself |
animo or simply sibi indulgere | to indulge oneself |
magno animo esse | to be magnanimous, broad-minded |
animum attendere ad aliquid | to turn one's attention to a thing |
diligenter attendere (aliquid) | to attend carefully |
alias res or aliud agere | to be inattentive |
animo adesse | (1) to be attentive; (2) to keep one's presence of mind |
vir magno ingenio, ingeniosus | a man of ability |
vir magno ingenio praeditus | a man of ability |
ingenio valere | to be talented, gifted |
ingenio abundare | to be very talented |
natura et ingenium | natural gifts |
ingenium acuere | to sharpen the wits |
ingenii acumen | penetration; sagacity |
ingenii tarditas (opp. celeritas) | dulness of intellect |
ingenii infirmitas or imbecillitas | weakmindedness |
mentis compotem esse | to be of sane mind |
mente captum esse, mente alienata esse | to be out of one's mind |
sanae mentis esse | to be of sound mind |
mentis quasi luminibus officere (vid. sect. XIII. 6) or animo caliginem offundere | to obscure the mental vision |
intellegentia or mente multum valere | to possess great ability |
ad intellegentiam communem or popularem accommodare aliquid | to accommodate something to the standard of the popular intelligence |
animo, cogitatione aliquid fingere (or simply fingere, but without sibi), informare | to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive |
animo concipere aliquid | to form an idea of a thing, imagine, conceive |
animo, cogitatione aliquid praecipere (Off 1. 23. 81) | to form a conception of a thing beforehand |
cogitatione sibi aliquid depingere | to picture to oneself |
ingenium, cogitatio | imagination |
ingenii vis or celeritas | vivid, lively imagination |
rerum imagines | creatures of the imagination |
res cogitatione fictae or depictae | creatures of the imagination |
opinionum commenta, ineptiae, monstra, portenta | extravagant fictions of fancy |
animo, mente, cogitatione aliquid comprehendere, complecti | to grasp a thing mentally |
in eam cogitationem incidere | to happen to think of.. |
haec cogitatio subit animum | an idea strikes me |
illud succurrit mihi | an idea strikes me |
mihi in mentem venit alicuius rei | something comes into my mind |
aliquid animo meo obversatur (cf. sect. III, s. v. oculi) | a vague notion presents itself to my mind |
aliquem ad eam cogitationem adducere ut | to induce a person to think that.. |
alicuius animum ab aliqua re abducere | to draw away some one's attention from a thing |
cogitationem, animum in aliquid intendere (Acad. 4. 46) | to direct one's attention.. |
omnes cogitationes ad aliquid conferre | to give all one's attention to a thing |
mentem in aliqua re defigere | to fix all one's thoughts on an object |
in cogitatione defixum esse | to be deep in thought |
cogitationes in res humiles abicere (De Amic. 9. 32) (Opp. alte spectare, ad altiora tendere, altum, magnificum, divinum suspicere) | to study the commonplace |
notiones animo (menti) insitae, innatae | innate ideas |
intellegentiae adumbratae or incohatae (De Leg. 1. 22. 59) | vague, undeveloped ideas |
notionem or rationem alicuius rei in animo informare or animo concipere | to form a conception, notion of a thing |
absolutus et perfectus | absolutely perfect |
omnibus numeris absolutus (N. D. 2. 13) | perfect in every detail |
ad summum perducere | to bring to the highest perfection |
perficere et absolvere | to bring to the highest perfection |
ad perfectionem, (ad summum) pervenire | to attain perfection |
absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio) | ideal perfection |
cogitatione, non re | ideally, not really |
undique expleta et perfecta forma | an ideal |
species optima or eximia, specimen, also simply species, forma | an ideal |
comprehensam quandam animo speciem (alicuius rei) habere | to have formed an ideal notion of a thing |
singularem quandam perfectionis imaginem animo concipere | to conceive an ideal |
imaginem perfecti oratoris adumbrare | to sketch the ideal of an orator |
civitas optima, perfecta Platonis | Plato's ideal republic |
illa civitas Platonis commenticia | Plato's ideal republic |
illa civitas, quam Plato finxit | Plato's ideal republic |
in sententia manere, permanere, perseverare, perstare | to abide by, persist in one's opinion |
illud, hoc teneo | I abide by this opinion |
a sententia sua discedere | to give up one's opinion |
de sententia sua decedere | to give up one's opinion |
(de) sententia desistere | to give up one's opinion |
de sententia deici, depelli, deterreri | to be forced to change one's mind |
de sententia aliquem deducere, movere | to make a man change his opinion |
aliquem ad suam sententiam perducere or in suam sententiam adducere | to win a man over to one's own way of thinking |
ad alicuius sententiam accedere, sententiam alicuius sequi | to adopt some one's opinion |
idem sentire (opp. dissentire ab aliquo) | to hold the same views |
sententiam suam aperire | to freely express one's opinions |
sententiam fronte celare, tegere | not to betray one's feelings by one's looks |
dic quid sentias | give me your opinion |
in hac sum sententia, ut...putem | I think that.. |
plura in eam sententiam disputare | to discuss a subject more fully on the same lines |
ut mea fert opinio | according to my opinion |
ut mihi quidem videtur | according to my opinion |
mea (quidem) sententia | according to my opinion |
quot homines, tot sententiae | many men, many minds |
opiniones falsas animo imbibere | to be imbibing false opinions |
opinionibus falsis imbui | to be imbibing false opinions |
opinionis error | erroneous opinion |
opinio praeiudicata, also simply opinio (not praeiudicium = a preliminary decision) | prejudice |
opinio confirmata, inveterata | a rooted opinion |
opinionum pravitate infici | to be filled with absurd prejudices |
opinionum commenta (N. D. 2. 2. 5) | chimeras |
monstra or portenta | marvellous ideas; prodigies |
coniectura assequi, consequi, aliquid coniectura colligere | to conjecture |
quantum ego coniectura assequor, auguror | as far as I can guess |
coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re | to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another |
de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere | to judge others by oneself |
aliquid in coniectura positum est | it is a matter of conjecture, supposition |
aliquid coniectura nititur, continetur (Div. 1. 14. 24) | it is a matter of conjecture, supposition |
probabilia coniectura sequi | to try to conjecture probabilities |
aliquid mihi nec opinanti, insperanti accidit | a thing has happened contrary to my expectation |
verum dicere, profiteri | to speak the truth, admit the truth |
omnia ad veritatem dicere | to be truthful in all one's statements |
veritatis amans, diligens, studiosus | truthful; veracious |
a vero aversum esse (Catil. 3. 1. 29) | to be averse to truth |
a veritate deflectere, desciscere | to swerve from the truth |
veri videndi, investigandi cupiditas | love of truth |
veri inquisitio atque investigatio | zealous pursuit of truth |
a vero abduci | to be led away from the truth |
proxime ad verum accedere | to be very near the truth |
a vero non abhorrere | to be probable |
veri simile esse | to be probable |
haec speciosiora quam veriora sunt | this is more plausible than true |
vera et falsa (a falsis) diiudicare | to distinguish true and false |
vera cum falsis confundere | to confuse true with false |
veritas | veracity |
re (vera), reapse (opp. specie) | in truth; really |
in errore versari | to be mistaken |
magno errore teneri | to be in gross error, seriously misled |
in magno errore versari | to be in gross error, seriously misled |
vehementer errare | to be in gross error, seriously misled |
erroribus implicari (Tusc. 4. 27. 58) | to fall into error |
per errorem labi, or simply labi | to take a false step |
aliquem in errorem inducere, rapere | to lead a person into error |
errorem animo imbibere | to get a mistaken notion into the mind |
errorem cum lacte nutricis sugere (Tusc. 3. 1. 2) | to imbibe error from one's mother's breasts |
error longe lateque diffusus | a wide-spread error |
errorem tollere | to banish an error, do away with a false impression |
errorem amputare et circumcīdere | to banish an error, do away with a false impression |
errorem stirpitus extrahere | to totally eradicate false principles |
errorem deponere, corrigere | to amend, correct one's mistake |
alicui errorem demere, eripere, extorquere | to undeceive a person |
nisi fallor | if I am not mistaken |
nisi (animus) me fallit | if I am not mistaken |
nisi omnia me fallunt | unless I'm greatly mistaken |
optionem alicui dare (Acad. 2. 7. 19) | to give a person his choice |
optionem alicui dare, utrum...an | to offer a person the alternative of... or.. |
in dubium vocare | to throw doubt upon a thing |
in dubio ponere | to throw doubt upon a thing |
in dubium venire | to become doubtful |
quod aliquam (magnam) dubitationem habet (Leg. Agr. 1. 4. 11) | a thing which is rather (very) dubious |
dubitatio mihi affertur, inicitur | a doubt arises in my mind |
dubitationem alicui tollere | to relieve a person of his doubts |
aliquid in medio, in dubio relinquere (Cael. 20. 48) | to leave a thing undecided |
aliquid dubium, incertum relinquere | to leave a thing undecided |
sine dubio (not sine ullo dubio) | without doubt, beyond all doubt |
sine ulla dubitatione | without any hesitation; without the least scruple |
scrupulum ex animo alicuius evellere (Rosc. Am. 2. 6) | to relieve a man of his scruple |
unus mihi restat scrupulus (Ter. Andr. 5. 4. 37) (cf. too religio, sect. XI. 2) | one thing still makes me hesitate |
certo (certe) scio (Arch. 12. 32) | I know for a fact |
probe scio, non ignoro | I know very well |
non sum ignarus, nescius (not non sum inscius) | I know very well |
me non fugit, praeterit | I am not unaware |
quantum scio | as far as I know |
quod sciam | as far as I know |
hoc (not tantum) certum est | this much is certain |
aliquid compertum habere | to know a thing for certain |
illud pro certo affirmare licet | this much I can vouch for |
mihi exploratum est, exploratum (certum) habeo | I am quite certain on the point |
inter omnes constat | it is a recognised fact |
mihi persuasum est | I am persuaded, convinced |
mihi persuasi | I am persuaded, convinced |
sic habeto | convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point |
persuade tibi | convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point |
velim tibi ita persuadeas | convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point |
sic volo te tibi persuadere | convince yourself of this; rest assured on this point |
addūcor, ut credam | I am gradually convinced that.. |
non possum adduci, ut (credam) | I cannot make myself believe that.. |
ex animi mei sententia (vid. sect. XI. 2) | according to my strong conviction |
suo iudicio uti | to act in accordance with one's convictions |
consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut) | to form a plan, make a resolution |
consilio desistere | to give up a project, an intention |
consilium abicere or deponere | to let a plan fall through |
a consilio deterreri aliqua re | to be deterred from one's intention by something |
mediocribus consiliis uti | to adopt half-measures |
consilium, sententiam mutare | to alter one's views, intentions |
suo consilio uti | to go one's own way, proceed independently |
magna moliri | to be busy with ambitious projects |
consilia cum aliquo communicare | (1) to communicate one's plans to some one; (2) to make common cause with a person. Similarly c. causam, rationem |
consilia inter se communicare | to take common counsel |
aliquem in or ad consilium adhibere | to consult a person, take his advice |
consilium habere (de aliqua re) | to deliberate together (of a number of people) |
consultare or deliberare (de aliqua re) | to deliberate, consider (of individuals) |
consiliis arcanis interesse (Liv. 35. 18) | to be present at secret consultations |
consilium dare alicui | to give a person advice |
auctorem esse alicui, ut | to give a person advice |
aliquem consilio (et re) iuvare | to give a person the advantage of one's advice (and actual support) |
consilii mei copiam facio tibi | I put myself at your disposal as regards advice |
consilium petere ab aliquo | to apply to a person for advice |
consilii inopem esse | to be perplexed |
omnia consilia frigent (Verr. 2. 25) | advice is useless in this case; the situation is very embarrassing |
nullo consilio, nulla ratione, temere | without reflection; inconsiderately; rashly |
secum (cum animo) reputare aliquid | to think over, consider a thing |
considerare in, cum animo, secum aliquid | to think over, consider a thing |
agitare (in) mente or (in) animo aliquid | to think over, consider a thing |
aliquid cadit in deliberationem (Off. 1. 3. 9) | a subject becomes matter for reflection |
re diligenter considerata, perpensa | after mature deliberation |
omnibus rebus circumspectis | after mature deliberation |
inita subductaque ratione | after mature deliberation |
in animo habeo or mihi est in animo c. Inf. | I am resolved; it is my intention |
certum (mihi) est | I am determined |
certum deliberatumque est | I am firmly resolved |
stat mihi sententia (Liv. 21. 30.) | I am firmly resolved |
incertus sum, quid consilii capiam | I am undecided.. |
mihi non constat (with indirect question) | I have not made up my mind |
propositum est mihi c. Inf. | I intend, propose to.. |
propositum, consilium tenere (opp. a proposito deterreri) | to abide by one's resolution |
propositum assequi, peragere | to carry out one's plan |
magna sibi proponere or magna spectare | to have a high object in view; to be ambitious |
in incepto or conatu perstare | to persevere in one's resolve |
in proposito susceptoque consilio permanere | to persevere in one's resolve |
incepto or conatu desistere | to give up one's project |
parare aliquid | to take measures for.. |
animum inducere c. Inf. (not in animum inducere) | to persuade oneself to.. |
a me impetrare non possum, ut | I cannot bring myself to.. |
descendere ad aliquid, ad omnia (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly descendere...) | to consent to..., lend oneself to.. |
descendere ad extrema consilia (Fam. 10. 33. 4) | to have recourse to extreme measures |
consilium est c. Inf. or ut | my intention is.. |
id sequor, ut | my intention is.. |
spectare aliquid or ad aliquid | to have an object in view |
res eo spectat, ut | the matter tends towards..., has this object |
res spectat ad vim (arma) | there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence |
id quod voluit consecutus est | he attained his object |
ad id quod voluit pervenit | he attained his object |
quid tibi vis? | what do you mean to do? |
quid hoc sibi vult? | what is the meaning of this? |
quid hoc rei est? | what is the meaning of this? |
eo consilio, ea mente, ut | with the intention of.. |
de industria, dedita opera (opp. imprudens) | designedly; intentionally |
ad id ipsum | with this very object |
infecta re (Liv. 9. 32) | to no purpose; ineffectually |
moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere | to retard, delay a thing |
in mora alicui esse | to detain a person |
nullam moram interponere, quin (Phil. 10. 1. 1) | to make all possible haste to.. |
sine mora or nulla mora interposita | without delay |
diem ex die ducere, differre | to put off from one day to another |
memoriā tenere aliquid | to remember a thing perfectly |
memoriam alicuius rei tenere | to remember a thing perfectly |
recenti memoria tenere aliquid | to have a vivid recollection of a thing |
memoriā (multum) valere (opp. memoriā vacillare) | to have a good memory |
memorem esse (opp. obliviosum esse) | to have a good memory |
memoria tanta fuit, ut | he had such an extraordinary memory that.. |
memoriā labi | to make a slip of the memory |
memoriae mandare aliquid | to impress on the memory |
ex memoria (opp. de scripto) | from memory; by heart |
memoriter | (1) with good memory; (2) from personal recollection |
memoria custodire | to keep in mind |
memoriam alicuius rei renovare, revocare (redintegrare) | to recall a thing to one's recollection |
memoriam alicuius rei repetere | to recall to mind a thing or person |
in memoriam alicuius redire | to recall to mind a thing or person |
in memoriam alicuius redigere, reducere aliquid (not revocare) | to recall a thing to a person's mind |
memoria et recordatio | vivid recollection |
grata memoria aliquem prosequi | to show a thankful appreciation of a person's kindness |
nomen alicuius grato animo prosequi | to think of a person with a grateful sense of his goodness |
memoriam alicuius rei repraesentare (opp. memoriam alicuius rei deponere, abicere) | to picture to oneself again |
memoriam alicuius rei conservare, retinere | to retain the recollection of a thing |
memoriam alicuius pie inviolateque servare | to show an affectionate regard for a person's memory |
gratam (gratissimam) alicuius memoriam retinere | to retain a (most) pleasant impression of a person |
numquam ex animo meo memoria illius rei discedet | the memory of this will never fade from my mind |
aliquid in memoria nostra penitus insidet | a thing has been vividly impressed on our[TR1] memory |
memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1) | nothing will ever make me forgetful of him |
semper memoria eius in (omnium) mentibus haerebit | nothing will ever make me forgetful of him |
nomen suum posteritati aliqua re commendare, propagare, prodere | to win renown amongst posterity by some act |
memoriam nominis sui immortalitati tradere, mandare, commendare | to immortalise one's name |
post hominum memoriam | within the memory of man |
post homines natos | within the memory of man |
memoriae causa, ad (not in) memoriam (Brut. 16. 62) | in memory of.. |
oblivio alicuius rei me capit | I forget something |
aliquem in oblivionem alicuius rei adducere (pass. in oblivionem venire) | to make a person forget a thing |
aliquid excidit e memoria, effluit, excidit ex animo | a thing escapes, vanishes from the memory |
memoria alicuius rei excidit, abiit, abolevit | the recollection of a thing has been entirely lost |
obliterari (Liv. 26. 41) | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
memoria alicuius rei obscuratur, obliteratur, evanescit | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
oblivioni esse, dari | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
in oblivionem adduci | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
oblivione obrui, deleri, exstingui | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
in oblivione iacēre (of persons) | to be forgotten, pass into oblivion |
aliquid ab oblivione vindicare | to rescue from oblivion |
mementote with Acc. c. Inf. | do not forget |
ratione, doctrina (opp. usu) aliquid cognitum habere | to have a theoretical knowledge of a thing |
ad artem, ad rationem revocare aliquid (De Or. 2. 11. 44) | to reduce a thing to its theoretical principles; to apply theory to a thing |
doctrinam ad usum adiungere | to combine theory with practice |
in rebus atque in usu versatum esse | to have had practical experience |
usu praeditum esse | to possess experience |
magnum usum in aliqua re habere | to have had great experience in a thing |
multarum rerum usus | varied, manifold experience |
usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus | we know from experience |
experti scimus, didicimus | we know from experience |
usu cognitum habemus | we know from experience |
res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet | everyday experience tells us this |
(rerum) imperitum esse | to have had no experience of the world |
multa acerba expertus est | he has had many painful experiences |
usus me docuit | experience has taught me |
optima studia, bonae, optimae, liberales, ingenuae artes, disciplinae | the sciences; the fine arts |
litterarum studium or tractatio (not occupatio) | the study of belles-lettres; literary pursuits |
homines litterarum studiosi | learned, scientific, literary men |
homines docti | learned, scientific, literary men |
artium studia or artes vigent (not florent) | learning, scientific knowledge is flourishing |
litterae iacent, neglectae iacent | scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb |
litteras colere | to be engaged in the pursuit of letters |
litteras amplecti | to be an enthusiastic devotee of letters |
litteras adamasse (only in perf. and plup.) | to be an enthusiastic devotee of letters |
in studio litterarum versari | to be engaged in literary pursuits |
in aliquo litterarum genere versari | to be engaged in any branch of study |
summo studio in litteris versari | to be an ardent student of.. |
se totum litteris tradere, dedere | to devote oneself entirely to literature |
se totum in litteras or se litteris abdere | to be quite engrossed in literary studies |
in litteris elaborare (De Sen. 8. 26) | to apply oneself very closely to literary, scientific work |
in litteris acquiescere or conquiescere | to find recreation in study |
aetatem in litteris ducere, agere | to devote one's life to science, study |
omne (otiosum) tempus in litteris consumere | to devote all one's leisure moments to study |
omne studium in litteris collocare, ad litteras conferre | to employ all one's energies on literary work |
optimarum artium studio incensum esse | to be interested in, have a taste for culture |
litterarum studio trahi | to feel an attraction for study |
trahi, ferri ad litteras | to feel an attraction for study |
litterarum studia remittere | to relax one's studies |
intermissa studia revocare | to resume one's studies |
primis (ut dicitur) or primoribus labris gustare or attingere litteras | to have a superficial knowledge, a smattering of literature, of the sciences |
litterae | literature |
litterae ac monumenta or simply monumenta | written records; documents |
litterae latinae | Roman literature |
clarissima litterarum lumina | shining lights in the literary world |
graecis litteris studere | to study Greek literature |
multum (mediocriter) in graecis litteris versari | to be well (slightly) acquainted with Greek literature |
vir or homo doctus, litteratus | a man of learning; a scholar; a savant |
vir doctissimus | a great scholar |
vir perfecte planeque eruditus | a man of profound erudition |
vir omni doctrina eruditus | a man perfect in all branches of learning |
multi viri docti, or multi et ii docti (not multi docti) | many learned men; many scholars |
omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque | all learned men |
nemo doctus | no man of learning |
nemo mediocriter doctus | no one with any pretence to education |
latinis litteris or latine doctus | acquainted with the Latin language |
bene latine doctus or sciens | a good Latin scholar |
doctrina abundare (De Or. 3. 16. 59) | to be a man of great learning |
a doctrina mediocriter instructum esse | to have received only a moderate education |
doctrina exquisita, subtilis, elegans | sound knowledge; scholarship |
doctrina recondita | profound erudition |
studia, quae in reconditis artibus versantur (De Or. 1. 2. 8) | abstruse studies |
magnam doctrinae speciem prae se ferre | to pass as a man of great learning |
vita umbratilis (vid. sect. VII. 4) | the contemplative life of a student |
litterarum scientiam (only in sing.) habere | to possess literary knowledge |
scientiam alicuius rei consequi | to acquire knowledge of a subject |
scientia comprehendere aliquid | to acquire knowledge of a subject |
penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108) | to have a thorough grasp of a subject |
scientia augere aliquem | to enrich a person's knowledge |
multa cognita, percepta habere, multa didicisse | to be well-informed, erudite |
multarum rerum cognitione imbutum esse (opp. litterarum or eruditionis expertem esse or \[rerum\] rudem esse) | to be well-informed, erudite |
animum, ingenium excolere (not colere) | to cultivate the mind |
animi, ingenii cultus (not cultura) | mental culture |
optimis studiis or artibus, optimarum artium studiis eruditum esse | to have received a liberal education |
litteras scire | to have received a liberal education |
litterae interiores et reconditae, artes reconditae | profound scientific education |
sunt in illo, ut in homine Romano, multae litterae (De Sen. 4. 12) | for a Roman he is decidedly well educated |
litteris leviter imbutum or tinctum esse | to have received a superficial education |
omni vita atque victu excultum atque expolitum esse (Brut. 25. 95) | to have attained to a high degree of culture |
omnis cultus et humanitatis expertem esse | to be quite uncivilised |
ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3) | to be quite uncivilised |
homines, gentem a fera agrestique vita ad humanum cultum civilemque deducere (De Or. 1. 8. 33) | to civilise men, a nation |
liberaliter, ingenue, bene educari | to receive a liberal education |
severa disciplina contineri | to be brought up under strict discipline |
aliquem ad humanitatem informare or instituere | to teach a person refinement |
mores alicuius corrigere | to improve a person |
in viam reducere aliquem | to bring a person back to the right way |
in viam redire | to return to the right way |
litteras discere ab aliquo | to be educated by some one |
institui or erudiri ab aliquo | to receive instruction from some one |
disciplina alicuius uti, magistro aliquo uti | to receive instruction from some one |
e disciplina alicuius profectum esse | to be brought up in some one's school |
puerum alicui erudiendum or in disciplinam tradere | to entrust a child to the tuition of.. |
operam dare or simply se dare alicui, se tradere in disciplinam alicuius, se conferre, se applicare ad aliquem | to become a pupil, disciple of some one |
multum esse cum aliquo (Fam. 16. 21) | to enjoy close intercourse with... (of master and pupil) |
ludus (discendi or litterarum) | an elementary school |
schola | a school for higher education |
scholam frequentare | to go to a school |
disciplina (institutio) puerilis (not liberorum) | the teaching of children |
pueros elementa (prima) docere | to teach children the rudiments |
primis litterarum elementis imbui | to receive the first elements of a liberal education |
doctrinae, quibus aetas puerilis impertiri solet (Nep. Att. 1. 2) | the usual subjects taught to boys |
artes, quibus aetas puerilis ad humanitatem informari solet | the usual subjects taught to boys |
erudire aliquem artibus, litteris (but erudire aliquem in iure civili, in re militari) | to teach some one letters |
natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum) | to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it |
adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110) | to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain |
crassa or pingui Minerva (proverb.) | with no intelligence or skill |
calcaria alicui adhibere, admovere; stimulos alicui admovere | to spur, urge a person on |
frenos adhibere alicui | to restrain some one |
bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse | to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself) |
ingenio valere | to be gifted, talented |
summo ingenio praeditum esse | to possess rich mental endowments |
in aliqua re progressus facere, proficere, progredi | to make progress in a subject |
aliquid efficere, consequi in aliqua re (De Or. 1. 33. 152) | to obtain a result in something |
adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt | he is a young man of great promise |
adulescens bonae (egregiae) spei | a promising youth |
magna est exspectatio ingenii tui | we expect a great deal from a man of your calibre |
desudare in scholae umbra or umbraculis | to exert oneself in the schools |
genus vitae (vivendi) or aetatis degendae deligere | to choose a career, profession |
viam vitae ingredi (Flacc. 42. 105) | to enter upon a career |
philosophiam, medicinam profiteri | to be a philosopher, physician by profession |
se philosophum, medicum (esse) profiteri | to be a philosopher, physician by profession |
qui ista profitentur | men of that profession |
exemplum clarum, praeclarum | a good, brilliant example; a striking example |
exemplum luculentum | a good, brilliant example; a striking example |
exemplum illustre | a good, brilliant example; a striking example |
exemplum magnum, grande | a weighty example, precedent |
exemplum afferre | to quote an example |
exemplo uti | to quote an example |
aliquem (aliquid) exempli causa ponere, proferre, nominare, commemorare | to cite a person or a thing as an example |
aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare | to quote precedents for a thing |
aliquid exemplis ostendere | to demonstrate by instances |
exempla petere, repetere a rerum gestarum memoria or historiarum (annalium, rerum gestarum) monumentis | to borrow instances from history |
exempla a rerum Romanarum (Graecarum) memoria petita | examples taken from Roman (Greek) history |
multa exempla in unum (locum) colligere | to collect, accumulate instances |
ex infinita exemplorum copia unum (pauca) sumere, decerpere (eligere) | to choose one from a large number of instances |
a Socrate exemplum virtutis petere, repetere | to quote Socrates as a model of virtue |
similitudines afferre | to cite parallel cases |
auctore aliquo uti ad aliquid | to have as authority for a thing |
auctorem aliquem habere alicuius rei | to have as authority for a thing |
auctoritatem alicuius sequi | to be guided by another's example |
auctoritas et exemplum (Balb. 13. 31) | standard and pattern |
sibi exemplum alicuius proponere ad imitandum or simply sibi aliquem ad imitandum proponere | to set up some one as one's ideal, model |
sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo | to take a lesson from some one's example |
ad exemplum alicuius se conformare | to shape one's conduct after another's model |
exemplum edere, prodere | to set an example |
exemplo esse | to set an example |
exemplum in aliquo or in aliquem statuere | to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one |
exemplum (severitatis) edere in aliquo (Q. Fr. 1. 2. 2. 5) | to inflict an exemplary punishment on some one |
bene (male) praecipere alicui | to inculcate good (bad) principles |
praecepta dare, tradere de aliqua re | to give advice, directions, about a matter |
ad praecipiendi rationem delābi (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 6. 18) | to adopt a didactic tone |
aliquid in animo haeret, penitus insedit or infixum est | a thing is deeply impressed on the mind |
aliquid animo mentique penitus mandare (Catil. 1. 11. 27) | to impress a thing on one's memory, mind |
demittere aliquid in pectus or in pectus animumque suum | to take a thing to heart |
hoc verbum alte descendit in pectus alicuius | what he said made a deep impression on.. |
se conferre ad philosophiam, ad philosophiae or sapientiae studium (Fam. 4. 3. 4) | to devote oneself to philosophy |
animum appellere or se applicare ad philosophiam | to apply oneself to the study of philosophy |
philosophiae (sapientiae) studio teneri (Acad. 1. 2. 4) | to be enamoured of philosophy |
in portum philosophiae confugere | to take refuge in philosophy |
in sinum philosophiae compelli | to be driven into the arms of philosophy |
philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...) | philosophy is neglected, at low ebb |
philosophiam latinis litteris illustrare (Acad. 1. 1. 3) | to write expositions of philosophy in Latin |
Ciceronis de philosophia libri | Cicero's philosophical writings |
decreta, inventa philosophorum | the tenets, dogmas of philosophers |
quae in philosophia tractantur | philosophical subjects |
praecepta philosophorum (penitus) percepta habere | to be well acquainted with the views of philosophers |
illae sententiae evanuerunt | those views are out of date |
illae sententiae iam pridem explosae et eiectae sunt (Fin. 5. 8. 23) | those ideas have long ago been given up |
schola, disciplina, familia; secta | a sect, school of thought |
sectam alicuius sequi (Brut. 31. 120) | to be a follower, disciple of some one |
disciplinam alicuius profiteri | to be a follower, disciple of some one |
qui sunt a Platone or a Platonis disciplina; qui profecti sunt a Platone; Platonici | disciples of Plato, Platonists |
Solo, unus de septem (illis) | Solon, one of the seven sages |
Pythagorae doctrina longe lateque fluxit (Tusc. 4. 1. 2) | Pythagoras' principles were widely propagated |
scholas habere, explicare (Fin. 2. 1. 1) | to give lectures |
scholis interesse | to attend lectures |
tradere (aliquid de aliqua re) | to teach |
audire Platonem, auditorem esse Platonis | to attend Plato's lectures |
physica (-orum) (Or. 34. 119); philosophia naturalis | physics; natural philosophy |
dialectica (-ae or -orum) (pure Latin disserendi ratio et scientia) | logic, dialectic |
disserendi praecepta tradere | to teach logic |
disserendi elegantia | logical minuteness, precision |
disserendi subtilitas (De Or. 1. 1. 68) | dialectical nicety |
disserendi spinae (Fin. 4. 28. 79) | subtleties of logic; dilemmas |
disserendi peritus et artifex | an accomplished dialectician |
homo in dialecticis versatissimus | an accomplished dialectician |
disserendi artem nullam habere | to know nothing of logic |
dialecticis ne imbutum quidem esse | to be ignorant of even the elements of logic |
ratione, eleganter (opp. nulla ratione, ineleganter, confuse) disponere aliquid | to arrange on strictly logical principles |
philosophia, quae est de vita et moribus (Acad. 1. 5. 19) | moral science; ethics |
philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur | moral science; ethics |
philosophia, quae in rerum contemplatione versatur, or quae artis praeceptis continetur | theoretical, speculative philosophy |
philosophia, quae in actione versatur | practical philosophy |
omnes philosophiae loci | the whole domain of philosophy |
ratio; disciplina, ratio et disciplina; ars | system |
ad artem redigere aliquid | to systematise |
ad rationem, ad artem et praecepta revocare aliquid (De Or. 1. 41) | to systematise |
arte conclusum esse | to have been reduced to a system |
ratio et doctrina | systematic, methodical knowledge |
artificio et via tradere aliquid | to give a scientific explanation of a thing |
artificiose redigere aliquid | to treat with scientific exactness; to classify |
ad rationis praecepta accommodare aliquid | to treat with scientific exactness; to classify |
totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio) | to upset the whole system |
ratione et via, via et ratione progredi, disputare (Or. 33. 116) | to proceed, carry on a discussion logically |
novam rationem ingredi | to enter on a new method |
a certa ratione proficisci | to be based on a sound principle |
a falsis principiis proficisci | to start from false premises |
ad philosophorum or philosophandi rationes revocare aliquid | to deal with a subject on scientific principles |
perpetuitas et constantia (Tusc. 5. 10. 31) | logical consistency |
partes generibus subiectae sunt | the species is subordinate the genus |
genus universum in species certas partiri et dividere (Or. 33. 117) | to analyse a general division into its specific parts |
genere, non numero or magnitudine differre | to differ qualitatively not quantitatively |
spinae partiendi et definiendi (Tusc. 5. 8. 22) | minute, captious subdivisions and definitions |
rem (res) definire | to define a thing |
a definitione proficisci | to start from a definition |
involutae rei notitiam definiendo aperire (Or. 33. 116) | to make an obscure notion clear by means of definition |
sub metum subiectum esse | to be comprised under the term "fear." |
constituere, quid et quale sit, de quo disputetur | to determine the nature and constitution of the subject under discussion |
in ordinem redigere aliquid | to systematise, classify a thing |
conexum et aptum esse inter se | to be closely connected with each other |
cohaerere, coniunctum esse cum aliqua re | to be closely connected with a thing |
arte (artissime) coniunctum esse | to be very intimately related |
apte (aptissime) cohaerere | to be very intimately related |
continuatio seriesque rerum, ut alia ex alia nexa et omnes inter se aptae colligataeque sint (N. D. 1. 4. 9) | systematic succession, concatenation |
diffusum, dissipatum esse | to have no coherence, connection |
confusum, perturbatum esse | to be confused |
rem dissolutam conglutinare, coagmentare | to reunite disconnected elements |
argumentum firmum, magnum | a strong, striking proof |
argumentum afferre | to bring forward a proof |
argumentum immortalitatis afferre (not pro) | to quote an argument in favour of immortality |
argumentum afferre, quo animos immortales esse demonstratur | to bring forward a proof of the immortality of the soul |
argumento huic rei est, quod | a proof of this is that.. |
aliquid planum facere (Ad Herenn. 2. 5) | to demonstrate, make a thing clear |
aliquid alicui probare (or c. Acc. c. Inf.) | to prove one's point to a person's satisfaction |
argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.) | to prove a thing indisputably |
argumentum ducere, sumere ex aliqua re or petere ab aliqua re | to derive an argument from a thing |
argumentum premere (not urgere) | to persist in an argument, press a point |
loci (τόποι) argumentorum (De Or. 2. 162) | the points on which proofs are based; the grounds of proof |
argumenta refellere, confutare | to refute arguments |
rationem afferre (Verr. 3. 85. 195) | to bring forward an argument (based on common-sense) |
concludere, colligere, efficere, cogere ex aliqua re | to draw a conclusion from a thing |
acute, subtiliter concludere | to draw a subtle inference |
ratio or rationis conclusio efficit | the conclusion proves that.. |
ratiocinatio, ratio | the syllogism; reasoning |
prima (superiora); consequentia (Fin. 4. 19. 54) | premises; consequences |
conclusiuncula fallax or captio | a fallacious argument; sophism |
positum est a nobis primum (c. Acc. c. Inf.) | we start by presupposing that.. |
hoc posito | on this supposition, hypothesis |
hoc probato consequens est | it follows from what we have shown |
sequitur (not ex quo seq.) ut | it follows from this that.. |
ex quo, unde, hinc efficitur ut | it follows from this that.. |
disputatio, quaestio | systematic, scientific discussion |
disputare (de aliqua re, ad aliquid) | to discuss, investigate a subject scientifically |
subtiliter disputare | to thoroughly discuss |
in utramque partem, in contrarias partes disputare (De Or. 1. 34) | to discuss both sides of a question |
in nullam partem disputare | to say nothing either for or against an argument |
non repugno | I have nothing to say against it |
pertinacem (opp. clementem) esse in disputando | to be dogmatic; positive |
opponere alicui aliquid | to object, to adduce in contradiction |
dare, concedere aliquid | to grant, admit a thing |
sumere (opp. reicere) aliquid | to assume a thing |
tenere aliquid; stare in aliqua re | to insist on a point |
obtinere aliquid | to maintain one's assertion, prove oneself right |
in controversia (contentione) esse, versari | to be at variance with |
in controversiam cadere | to be at variance with |
in controversiam vocare, adducere aliquid | to make a thing the subject of controversy |
in controversiam vocari, adduci, venire (De Or. 2. 72. 291) | to be contested, become the subject of debate |
in controversia relinquere aliquid | to leave a point undecided |
controversiam (contentionem) habere cum aliquo | to maintain a controversy with some one |
in contentione ponitur, utrum...an | it is a debated point whether... or.. |
id, de quo agitur or id quod cadit in controversiam | the point at issue |
controversiam sedare, dirimere, componere, tollere | to put an end to, settle a dispute |
controversiam diiudicare | to decide a debated question |
transigere aliquid cum aliquo | to come to an understanding with a person |
res mihi tecum est | I have a point to discuss with you |
sine (ulla) controversia | indisputably; incontestably |
hoc est a (pro) me | this goes to prove what I say |
res ipsa docet | the very facts of the case show this |
res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur | the matter speaks for itself |
res confecta est | the question is settled, finished |
consentire, idem sentire cum aliquo | to agree with a person |
dissentire, dissidere ab or cum aliquo | to disagree with a person |
omnes (uno ore) in hac re consentiunt | all agree on this point |
una et consentiens vox est | all are unanimous |
una voce; uno ore | unanimously |
uno, communi, summo or omnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35) | unanimously |
re concinere, verbis discrepare | to agree in fact but not in word |
hoc convēnit inter nos | we have agreed on this point |
hoc mihi tecum convēnit (Att. 6. 1. 14) | I agree with you there |
quī convenit? | how is this consistent? how are we to reconcile this...? |
summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio) | the learned men are most unanimous in.. |
constantia (opp. inconstantia) (Tusc. 5. 11. 32) | consistency |
inter se pugnare or repugnare | to be mutually contradictory |
secum pugnare (without sibi); sibi repugnare (of things) | to contradict oneself, be inconsistent |
a se dissidere or sibi non constare (of persons) | to contradict oneself, be inconsistent |
pugnantia loqui (Tusc. 1. 7. 13) | to make contradictory, inconsistent statements |
dicere contra aliquem or aliquid (not contradicere alicui) | to contradict some one |
res Romanae | Roman history (i.e. the events in it) |
res gestae Romanorum | Roman history (i.e. the events in it) |
historia | history (as a science) |
historia Romana or rerum Romanarum historia | Roman history (i.e. the exposition, representation of it by writers) |
memoria rerum Romanarum | Roman history (as tradition) |
historiam (-as) scribere | to write a history |
res populi Romani perscribere | to write a history of Rome |
rerum scriptor | an historian |
rerum auctor (as authority) | an historian |
evolvere historias, litterarum (veterum annalium) monumenta | to study historical records, read history |
memoriae traditum est, memoriae (memoria) proditum est (without nobis) | tradition, history tells us |
tradunt, dicunt, ferunt | they say; it is commonly said |
accepimus | we know; we have been told |
historiae prodiderunt (without nobis) | history has handed down to us |
apud rerum scriptores scriptum videmus, scriptum est | we read in history |
duplex est memoria de aliqua re | a twofold tradition prevails on this subject |
rerum veterum memoria | ancient history |
memoria vetus (Or. 34. 120) | ancient history |
veterum annales | ancient history |
veterum annalium monumenta | ancient history |
antiquitatis memoria | ancient history |
recentioris aetatis memoria | modern history |
memoria huius aetatis (horum temporum) | the history of our own times; contemporary history |
nostra memoria (Cael. 18. 43) | the history of our own times; contemporary history |
omnis memoria, omnis memoria aetatum, temporum, civitatum or omnium rerum, gentium, temporum, saeculorum memoria | universal history |
memoriam annalium or temporum replicare | to consult history |
aetas heroica (Tusc. 5. 3. 7) | the mythical period, the heroic age |
tempora heroica (N. D. 3. 21. 54) | the mythical period, the heroic age |
fabulae, historia fabularis | mythology |
repetere ab ultima (extrema, prisca) antiquitate (vetustate), ab heroicis temporibus | to go back to the remote ages |
ut a fabulis ad facta veniamus | to pass from myth to history |
historicorum fide contestata memoria | historic times |
historiae, rerum fides | historic truth |
narrare aliquid ad fidem historiae | to give a veracious and historic account of a thing |
res historiae fide comprobata | an acknowledged historical fact |
incorrupta rerum fides | genuine historical truth |
ad historiam (scribendam) se conferre or se applicare | to devote oneself to writing history |
homo in historia diligens | a conscientious historian |
memoriam rerum gestarum (rerum Romanarum) tenere | to be well versed in Roman history |
domestica (externa) nosse | to be acquainted with the history of one's own land |
temporum ratio, descriptio, ordo | chronology |
temporum ordinem servare | to observe the chronological order of events |
servare et notare tempora | to observe the chronological order of events |
res temporum ordine servato narrare | to narrate events in the order of their occurrence |
temporibus errare (Phil. 2. 9. 23) | to make a chronological mistake |
ad temporum rationem aliquid revocare | to calculate the date of an event |
diligentem esse in exquirendis temporibus | to be exact in calculating dates |
terrarum or regionum descriptio (geographia) | geography |
Africae situm paucis exponere | to give a brief exposition of the geography of Africa |
regionum terrestrium aut maritimarum scientia | geographical knowledge |
mathematica (-ae) or geometria (-ae), geometrica (-orum) (Tusc. 1. 24. 57) | mathematics |
mathematicorum ratione concludere aliquid | to draw a mathematical conclusion |
formas (not figuras) geometricas describere | to draw geometrical figures |
se conferre ad naturae investigationem | to devote oneself to the study of a natural science |
astrologia (pure Latin sidera, caelestia) | astronomy |
spectator siderum, rerum caelestium or astrologus | an astronomer |
arithmetica (-orum) | arithmetic |
numeri (-orum) | arithmetic |
bis bina quot sint non didicisse | to be absolutely ignorant of arithmetic |
artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum | a work of art |
opus summo artificio[TR1] factum | a master-piece of classical work |
opus omnibus numeris absolutum | a master-piece of classical work |
artem exercere | to follow an artistic profession, practise an art |
artem tradere, docere | to teach an art |
artem profiteri | to profess an art |
artium (liberalium) studium, or simply studium | a taste for the fine arts |
artis praecepta, or also simply ars | the rules of art; aesthetics |
(artis, artium) intellegens, peritus (opp. idiota, a layman) | a connoisseur; a specialist |
existimator (doctus, intellegens, acerrimus) | a (competent, intelligent, subtle) critic |
in existimantium arbitrium venire (Brut. 24. 92) | to come before the tribunal of the critics |
iudicium facere | to criticise |
sensum, iudicium habere | to be a man of taste |
elegantia in illo est | he possesses sound judgment in matters of taste |
iudicium subtile, elegans, exquisitum, intellegens | good taste; delicate perception |
iudicium acuere | to cultivate one's powers of criticism |
abhorrere ab artibus (opp. delectari artibus) | to have no taste for the fine arts |
veritatem imitari (Div. 1. 13. 23) | (1) to make a lifelike natural representation of a thing (used of the artist); (2) to be lifelike (of a work of art) |
in omni re vincit imitationem veritas | in everything nature defies imitation |
aliquid ad verum exprimere | to make a copy true to nature |
morum ac vitae imitatio | a lifelike picture of everyday life |
aliquid e vita ductum est | a thing is taken from life |
poema condere, facere, componere | to write poetry |
versus facere, scribere | to write poetry |
carmina , versus fundere (De Or. 3. 50) | to write poetry with facility |
carmen epicum | epic poetry |
poeta epicus | an epic, heroic poet |
poesis scaenica | dramatic poetry |
poeta scaenicus | a dramatic poet |
scriptor tragoediarum, comoediarum, also (poeta) tragicus, comicus | a writer of tragedy, comedy |
scriptor fabularum | a writer of fables |
divino quodam instinctu concitari, ferri (Div. 1. 31. 66) | to feel inspired |
divino quodam spiritu inflatus or tactus | inspired |
carmen, versum agere | to recite a poem, line with appropriate action |
carmen recitare | to read a piece of verse with expression |
carmen pronuntiare | to recite a piece of verse (without gestures) |
carmen inconditum | a rough poem; an extempore effusion |
se conferre ad poesis studium | to devote oneself to poetry |
poetica laude florere | to be distinguished as a poet |
poesis genus ad Romanos transferre | to transplant to Rome one of the branches of poesy |
alicuius laudes versibus persequi | to sing the praises of some one (not canere aliquem) |
alicuius laudes (virtutes) canere | to sing the praises of some one (not canere aliquem) |
alicuius res gestas versibus ornare, celebrare | to celebrate some one's exploits in song |
ut ait Homerus | as Homer sings (not canit) |
numerus poetice vinctus | poetical rhythm |
artem musicam discere, tractare | to learn, study music |
nervorum et tibiarum cantus | instrumental music |
vocum et fidium (nervorum) cantus | vocal and instrumental music |
docere aliquem fidibus | to teach some one to play a stringed instrument |
fidibus discere (De Sen. 8. 26) | to learn to play a stringed instrument |
fidibus canere | to play on the lyre |
pellere nervos in fidibus | to strike the strings of the lyre |
tibias inflare | to play the flute |
tibiis or tibiā canere | to play the flute |
ad tibiam or ad tibicinem canere | to sing to a flute accompaniment |
(homo) symphoniacus | a singer, member of a choir |
symphōnīa canit (Verr. 3. 44. 105) | the orchestra is playing |
acroāma | a professional performer |
modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187) | the melody |
modos facere | to compose, put to music |
numerus, numeri | the tune; rhythm |
numerose cadere | to have a rhythmical cadence |
ars pingendi, pictura (De Or. 2. 16. 69) | the art of painting |
ars fingendi | the art of sculpture |
signa et tabulae (pictae) | statues and pictures |
simulacrum e marmore facere | to make a marble statue |
statuas inscribere (Verr. 2. 69. 167) | to put an inscription on statues |
ars ludicra (De Or. 2. 20. 84) | the dramatic art |
fabula, ludus scaenicus | the piece; the play |
argumentum | the plot of the piece |
actio | the treatment of the piece |
actus | an act |
fabulam agere | to act a play (said of the actors) |
fabulam edere | to bring out a play, put it on the stage (used of the man who finds the money) |
fabulam dare | to produce a play (of the writer) |
in scaenam producere aliquem | to introduce a character on the stage |
in scaenam prodire | to come upon the stage |
in scaenam redire | to reappear on the stage |
de scaena decedere | to retire from the stage |
in scaenam aliquid inducere | to bring a thing upon the stage |
familia, grex, caterva histrionum | a theatrical company |
dominus gregis | the manager |
theatrum | the playhouse |
theatra reclamant | the spectators protest |
populum facilem, aequum habere | to have an appreciative audience |
plaudere (not applaudere) | to applaud, clap a person |
plausum dare (alicui) | to applaud, clap a person |
clamores (coronae) facere, excitare | to elicit loud applause |
saepius revocatur (Liv. 7. 2. 9) | he is encored several times |
fabulam exigere (Ter. Andr. Pol.) | to hiss a play |
fabula cadit | a piece is a failure, falls flat |
histrionem exsibilare, explodere, eicere, exigere | to hiss an actor off the stage |
histrioni acclamare | to interrupt an actor by hooting him |
partes agere alicuius | to play the part of some one |
agere servum, lenonem | to act the rôle of a slave, pander |
actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium | the actor who plays the leading part |
tragoedia or fabula Antigona (not Antigona trag. or fab.) | the Antigone |
in Sophoclis (not Sophoclea) Aiace or apud Sophoclem in Aiace | in Sophocles' Ajax |
caterva, chorus | the Chorus in Tragedy |
carmen chori, canticum | a choric ode in a tragedy |
loci melici | the lyric portions of a tragedy |
diverbium | stage dialogue |
canticum | a choric ode |
ludi circenses, scaenici | performances in the circus; theatrical perfomances |
ludos apparare | to institute games |
ludos facere, edere (Iovi) | to give public games in honour of Jupiter |
ludos instaurare | to revive public games |
munus gladiatorium edere, dare (or simply munus edere, dare) | to give a gladiatorial show |
gladiatores dare | to give a gladiatorial show |
familia gladiatoria (Sest. 64. 134) | a band, troupe of gladiators under the management of a lanista |
ludus gladiatorius | a school for gladiators |
gladiatoribus (Att. 2. 19. 3) | at the gladiatorial games |
celebritas ludorum | crowded games |
magnificentia ludorum | sumptuous public games |
ludi apparatissimi | sumptuous public games |
ludi Olympia (not ludi Olympici), Pythia | the Olympian, Pythian games |
Olympia vincere (Ολύμπια νικαν) | to win a prize at the Olympian games |
ludi gymnici | gymnastic contests |
certamina gymnica | gymnastic contests |
stadium currere (Off. 3. 10. 42) | to run a foot-race |
ars dicendi | the art of speaking; oratory |
ad dicendum se conferre | to devote oneself to oratory |
dicendi praecepta tradere | to teach rhetoric |
rhetor, dicendi magister | a teacher of rhetoric |
facultas dicendi | oratorical talent |
natum, factum esse ad dicendum | to be a born orator |
facilem et expeditum esse ad dicendum (Brut. 48. 180) | to be a ready, fluent speaker |
rudem, tironem ac rudem (opp. exercitatum) esse in dicendo | to be an inexperienced speaker |
disertum esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94) | to be fluent |
eloquentem esse (De Or. 1. 21. 94) | to be a capable, finished speaker |
eloquentia valere | to be very eloquent |
dicendi arte florere | to be very eloquent |
eloquentiae laude florere | to be a distinguished orator |
vis dicendi | oratorical power |
multum dicendo valere, posse | to have great weight as a speaker |
eloquentiae principatum tenere | to be considered the foremost orator |
primum or principem inter oratores locum obtinere | to be considered the foremost orator |
oratorum principem esse | to be considered the foremost orator |
orationem conficere | to compose a speech |
orationem commentari (Fam. 16. 26) | to prepare, get up a speech |
oratio meditata (Plin. 26. 3. 7) | a prepared speech |
subito, ex tempore (opp. ex praeparato) dicere | to speak extempore |
oratio subita | an extempore speech |
oratio perpetua | a continuous discourse |
oratio accurata et polita | a carefully prepared speech |
oratio composita | an elaborate speech |
contentio (opp. sermo) (Off. 2. 48) | pathetic address; emotional language |
copiose dicere | to speak very fluently |
ornate dicere | to speak well, elegantly |
libere dicere (Verr. 2. 72. 176) | to speak frankly, independently |
plane, aperte dicere | to speak openly, straightforwardly |
perspicue, diserte dicere | to speak in clear, expressive language |
missis ambagibus dicere | to speak without circumlocution |
accommodate ad persuadendum dicere | to be a persuasive speaker |
aggredi ad dicendum | to come forward to make a speech; to address the house |
verba facere apud populum, in contione | to address a meeting of the people |
in contionem (in rostra) escendere (only of Romans) | to mount the rostra |
orationem habere (Tusc. 5. 33. 94) | to make a speech |
initium dicendi facere | to begin to speak |
finem dicendi facere | to cease speaking |
perorare | (1) to make one's peroration; (2) to deliver the closing speech (in a case where several speeches have been made) |
animos audientium permovere, inflammare | to make an impression on one's audience |
animos tenere | to rivet the attention of.. |
audientiam sibi (orationi) facere | to obtain a hearing |
solutum et expeditum esse ad dicendum | to be never at a loss for something to say |
lingua promptum esse | to have a ready tongue |
celeritas in respondendo | readiness in debate, in repartee |
bonis lateribus esse | to have good lungs |
linguae solutio | volubility |
genus dicendi (scribendi); oratio | style |
genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21) | elevated, moderate, plain style |
fusum orationis genus | a running style |
inconditum dicendi genus (Brut. 69. 242) | a rough, unpolished style |
inflatum orationis genus | a bombastic style |
oratio altius exaggerata | a bombastic style |
elatio atque altitudo orationis | the exalted strain of the speech |
exsurgere altius or incitatius ferri | to take a higher tone (especially of poets and orators) |
magnifice loqui, dicere | (1) to speak vehemently, passionately; (2) to speak pompously, boastfully |
magniloquentia, granditas verborum | pathos; passion |
tragoediae | tragic pathos |
expedita et facile currens oratio | an easy, fluent style |
oratio aequabiliter fluens | an easy, fluent style |
flumen orationis (De Or. 2. 15. 62) | flow of oratory |
siccitas, sanitas orationis | the plain style |
verborum tenuitias, oratio subtilis | the plain style |
oratio exilis, ieiuna, arida, exsanguis | the dry, lifeless style |
ornatus orationis, verborum | well-chosen language, grace of style |
elegantia orationis | tasteful description |
oratio pura, pura et emendata | pure, correct language |
integritas, sinceritas orationis (not puritas) | purity of style |
oratio inquinata (De Opt. Gen. Or. 3. 7) | incorrect language |
orationes Catonis antiquitatem redolent (Brut. 21. 82) | Cato's speeches sound archaic |
ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent | there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse |
oratio soluta (not prosa) or simply oratio | prose |
oratio numerose cadit | his style has a well-balanced cadence |
numeris orationem astringere, vincire | to make a speech rhythmical |
lumina, flores dicendi (De Or. 3. 25. 96) | flowers of rhetoric; embellishments of style |
sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire | to explain one's sentiments |
sententiae reconditae ex exquisitae (Brut. 97. 274) | profound sentiments |
ubertas (not divitiae) et copia orationis | a full and copious style of speech |
crebritas or copia (opp. inopia) sententiarum or simply copia | richness of ideas |
sententiis abundans or creber (opp. sententiis inanis) | rich in ideas |
adumbrare aliquid (Or. 14. 43) | to roughly sketch a thing |
exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...) | to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing |
exponere aliquid or de aliqua re | to give an account of a thing (either orally or in writing) |
sententiae inter se nexae | the connection |
perpetuitas verborum | the connection |
contextus orationis (not nexus, conexus sententiarum) | the connection |
ratio sententiarum | the connection of thought |
ratio, qua sententiae inter se excipiunt. | the connection of thought |
vitam alicuius exponere | to give an account of a man's life |
vitam alicuius depingere | to make a sketch of a man's life |
de ingenio moribusque alicuius exponere | to make a character-sketch of a person |
summo colore aliquid illustrare | to depict a thing in lively colours |
ante oculos ponere aliquid | to bring a thing vividly before the eyes |
oculis or sub oculos, sub aspectum subicere aliquid | to represent a thing vividly |
rerum sub aspectum paene subiectio (De Or. 3. 53. 202) | graphic depiction |
perlustrare, lustrare oculis aliquid | to scrutinise, examine closely |
sic exponere aliquid, quasi agatur res (non quasi narretur) | to represent a thing dramatically |
aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud aliquem disputans) | to introduce a person (into a dialogue) discoursing on.. |
in uno conspectu ponere aliquid | to give a general idea of a thing |
sub unum aspectum subicere aliquid | to give a general idea of a thing |
in brevi conspectu ponere aliquid | to make a short survey of a thing |
uno conspectu videre aliquid | to have a general idea of a thing |
breviter tangere, attingere aliquid | to touch briefly on a thing |
strictim, leviter tangere, attingere, perstringere aliquid | to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu) |
quasi praeteriens, in transitu attingere aliquid | to make a cursory mention of a thing; to mention by the way (not obiter or in transcursu) |
res summas attingere | to dwell only on the main points |
summatim aliquid exponere | to dwell only on the main points |
multa verba facere | to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully |
multum, nimium esse (in aliqua re) (De Or. 2. 4. 17) | to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully |
pluribus verbis, copiosius explicare, persequi aliquid | to give a full, detailed account of a thing |
fusius, uberius, copiosius disputare, dicere de aliqua re | to speak at great length on a subject, discuss very fully |
breviter, paucis explicare aliquid | to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis) |
rem paucis absolvere (Sall. Iug. 17. 2) | to explain a matter briefly, in a few words (not paucis verbis) |
rebus ipsis par est oratio | the circumstances are described in language worthy of them |
rebus verba respondent | the circumstances are described in language worthy of them |
copiam quam potui persecutus sum | I have exhausted all my material |
verbis non omnia exsequi posse | to be unable to say all one wants |
in medium proferre aliquid | to bring a subject forward into discussion |
in medio ponere (proponere) | to publish, make public |
silentio praeterire (not praetermittere) aliquid | to pass over in silence |
significare aliquem or aliquid | to allude to a person or thing (not alludere) |
significatione appellare aliquem | to allude to a person or thing (not alludere) |
describere aliquem (Cael. 20. 50) | to allude to a person or thing (not alludere) |
leviter significare aliquid | to hint vaguely at a thing |
ordine narrare, quomodo res gesta sit | to detail the whole history of an affair |
dicendo ornare aliquid | to embellish a narrative |
rhetorice, tragice ornare aliquid (Brut. 11. 43) | to add rhetorical, dramatic embellishments to a subject |
digressus, digressio, egressio | a digression, episode |
quod ornandi causa additum est | a digression, episode |
includere in orationem aliquid | to interpolate, insert something |
inserere orationi aliquid | to interpolate, insert something |
interponere aliquid (De Am. 1. 3) | to interpolate, insert something |
dicendo augere, amplificare aliquid (opp. dicendo extenuare aliquid) | to lend lustre to a subject by one's description |
in maius ferre, in maius extollere aliquid | to exaggerate a thing |
in maius accipere aliquid | to overestimate a thing |
digredi (a proposito) (De Or. 2. 77. 311) | to digress, deviate |
studio alicuius rei provectus sum | my zeal for a thing has led me too far |
longe, alte (longius, altius) repetere (either absolute or ab aliqua re) | to go a long way back (in narrative) |
oratio longius repetita (De Or. 3. 24. 91) | a rather recondite speech |
accedere ad cotidiani sermonis genus | to adopt the language of everyday life |
ad vulgarem sensum or ad communem opinionem orationem accommodare (Off. 2. 10. 35) | to express oneself in popular language |
actio (Brut. 38) | delivery |
pronuntiatio c. Gen. | artistic delivery; declamation |
actio paulum claudicat | the delivery is rather halting, poor |
haerere, haesitare (Catil. 2. 6. 13) | to stop short, hesitate |
perturbari, permoveri | to be nervous, embarrassed |
de scripto orationem habere, dicere (opp. sine scripto, ex memoria) | to read a speech |
interpellare aliquem (dicentem) | to interrupt |
vox magna, clara (Sulla 10. 30) | a strong, loud voice |
vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris | a deep, high, thin, moderate voice |
vox canōra (Brut. 63. 234) | a melodious, ringing voice |
vox lenis, suppressa, summissa | a gentle, subdued voice |
vocem mittere (sonitum reddere of things) | to speak, utter a sound |
vocem summittere | to lower one's voice |
contentio, remissio vocis | raising, lowering the voice |
vocem intercludere (Just. 11. 8. 4) | to prevent some one from speaking |
nulla vox est ab eo audita | no sound passed his lips |
magna voce clamare | to shout at the top of one's voice |
clamorem tollere (Liv. 3. 28) | to raise a shout, a cry |
gestum (always in the sing.) agere | to gesticulate |
non habeo argumentum scribendi | I have nothing to write about |
deest mihi argumentum ad scribendum (Att. 9. 7. 7) | I have nothing to write about |
non habeo, non est quod scribam | I have nothing to write about |
res (opp. verba) mihi suppetit | I have abundance to say |
materia mihi crescit | my subject grows as I write |
res componere ac digerere | to arrange and divide the subject-matter |
dispositio rerum (De Inv. 1. 7. 9) | the arrangement of the subject-matter |
materia rerum et copia uberrima | abundance of material |
infinita et immensa materia | abundance of material |
materiem ad ornatum praebere | to afford matter for elaboration, embellishment |
id quod (mihi) propositum est | a theme, subject proposed for discussion |
res proposita | a theme, subject proposed for discussion |
id quod quaerimus (quaeritur) | a theme, subject proposed for discussion |
institutum or id quod institui | a theme, subject proposed for discussion |
a proposito aberrare, declinare, deflectere, digredi, egredi | to digress from the point at issue |
ad propositum reverti, redire | to come back to the point |
ad rem redire | to come back to the point |
sed redeat, unde aberravit oratio | but to return from the digression we have been making |
sed ad id, unde digressi sumus, revertamur | but to return from the digression we have been making |
verum ut ad id, unde digressa est oratio, revertamur | but to return from the digression we have been making |
mihi propositum est c. Inf. (or mihi proposui, ut) | the task I have put before myself is.. |
ponere | to propose, set a theme |
ponere alicui, de quo disputet | to set some one a theme for discussion |
ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1) | to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion |
quaestionem ponere, proponere | to propose a subject of debate, put a question |
quaestionem poscere (Fin. 2. 1. 1) | to get a question submitted to one |
hoc loco exsistit quaestio, quaeritur | at this point the question arises |
nunc id quaeritur, agitur | the question now is.. |
res, de qua nunc quaerimus, quaeritur | the question at issue |
magna quaestio est (followed by an indirect question) | it is a difficult point, disputed question |
quaerendum esse mihi visum est | the question has forced itself on my mind |
quaestionem solvere | to decide, determine a question |
quaestio ad exitum venit | the question has been settled |
ad interrogata respondere | to answer questions |
bene interrogare | to cross-examine cleverly, put leading questions |
percontanti non deesse (De Or. 1. 21. 97) | to answer every question |
responsum ab aliquo ferre, auferre | to extract an answer from some one |
respondere in hanc sententiam | to answer to this effect |
ioco uti (Off. 1. 29. 103) | to make a joke |
haec iocatus sum, per iocum dixi | I said it in jest |
animo prompto esse ad iocandum | to be humorously inclined |
extra iocum, remoto ioco (Fam. 7. 11. 3) | joking apart |
facete dicere | to be witty |
facetiis uti, facetum esse | to make witty remarks |
facete et commode dicere | to indulge in apt witticisms |
breviter et commode dictum | a short, pointed witticism |
facete dictum | a witticism, bon mot |
arcessitum dictum (De Or. 2. 63. 256) | a far-fetched joke |
dicta dicere in aliquem | to make jokes on a person |
aspergere sales orationi (Or. 26. 87) | to intersperse one's speech with humorous remarks |
aliquid ad ridiculum convertere | to make a joke of a thing |
(homo) ridiculus (Plaut. Stich. 1. 3. 21) | a wit; a joker |
lepos in iocando | humour |
iucunde esse (Deiot. 7. 19) | to be in a good temper |
se dare iucunditati | to let oneself be jovial |
sibi displicere (opp. sibi placere) | to be in a bad temper |
ioca et seria agere | to be now jesting, now in earnest |
serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42) | to say in earnest.. |
severitatem adhibere | to show that one is serious |
ineptum esse (De Or. 2. 4. 17) | to be silly, without tact |
nimium diligentem esse | to be pedantic |
lingua graeca latinā locupletior (copiosior, uberior) est | the Greek language is a richer one than the Latin |
commercium linguae | intercourse of speech |
volubilitas, solutio linguae | volubility |
vitium orationis, sermonis or simply vitium | a mistake, solecism |
saepe (crebro, multa) peccavit, erravit, lapsus est | he has made several mistakes |
eiusdem linguae societate coniunctum esse cum aliquo (De Or. 3. 59. 223) | to be united by having a common language |
orationis expertem esse | to be unable to express one's ideas |
sermo patrius (Fin. 1. 2. 4) | native tongue; vernacular |
consuetudo sermonis, loquendi | to usage of language |
cotidiani sermonis usus | the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech |
communis sermonis consuetudo | the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech |
sermo familiaris et cotidianus | the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech |
aliquid a consuetudine sermonis latini abhorret, alienum est | the expression is not in accordance with Latin usage |
consuetudo vitiosa et corrupta (opp. pura et incorrupta) sermonis | incorrect usage |
incorrupta latini sermonis integritas (Brut. 35. 132) | pure, correct Latin |
sermo latinus (opp. sermo parum latinus) (cf. sect. VII. 2., note For the use of adverbs...) | good Latin |
latine loqui (Brut. 45. 166) | (1) to speak Latin, (2) to speak good Latin (also bene latine), (3) to express oneself clearly |
graece or graeca lingua loqui | to speak the Greek language |
latinam linguam scire or didicisse | to know Latin |
latine scire | to know Latin |
latine commentari | to write treatises in Latin |
aliquid e graeco in latinum (sermonem) convertere, vertere, transferre | to translate from Greek into Latin |
Platonem vertere, convertere | to translate Plato |
ab or de (not ex) Platone vertere, convertere, transferre | to translate from Plato |
ex Platonis Phaedone haec in latinum conversa sunt | what follows has been translated into Latin from Plato's Phaedo |
aliquid (graeca) latine reddere or sermone latino interpretari | to render something into Latin |
ad verbum transferre, exprimere | to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus) |
verbum e verbo exprimere | to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus) |
verbum pro verbo reddere | to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus) |
totidem verbis transferre | to translate literally, word for word (not verbo tenus) |
his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre | to translate freely |
liber (scriptoris) conversus, translatus | the work when translated; translation (concrete) |
interpretatio, translatio (not versio or conversio) | the process of translation |
interpres | the translator |
leges dicendi | the rules of speech, grammar |
praecepta grammaticorum | the rules of speech, grammar |
grammaticus (De Or. 1. 3. 10) | a linguist, philologian |
emendate scribere | to write correctly, in faultless style |
latine scribere (Opt. Gen. Or. 2. 4) | to write good Latin |
enuntiatio, enuntiatum, sententia | the sentence, proposition |
compositio, structura verborum | the structure of the sentence |
ambitus, circuitus, comprehensio, continuatio (verborum, orationis), also simply periodus | the period |
constructio, structura verborum, forma dicendi | the construction |
adiungi, addi coniunctivo (Marc. Cap. 3. 83) | to be used with the conjunctive mood |
copia, ubertas verborum | profusion of words |
verbis abundantem esse, abundare | to be rich in words |
inopia verborum | poverty of expression |
lectissimis verbis uti (De Or. 3. 37) | to employ carefully chosen expressions |
prisca, obsoleta (opp. usitata), ambigua verba | obsolete, ambiguous expressions |
locutio (Brut. 74. 258) | a phrase |
verbo, nomine; re, re quidem vera | nominally; really |
si verba spectas | literally |
verbis alicuius, e.g. salutare (Liv. 9. 36) | in some one's name; on some one's behalf (not nomine alicuius) |
haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32) | these are mere empty phrases |
inanis verborum sonitus | mere words; empty sound |
inanium verborum flumen | senseless rant |
flosculi, rhetorum pompa | fine, rhetorical phrases |
voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11) | to let fall an expression |
nullum (omnino) verbum facere | to not say a word |
ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere | to say not a syllable about a person |
verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem) | to speak on a subject |
verbum ex aliquo elicere | to extract a word from some one |
verbis concertare or altercari cum aliquo (B. C. 3. 19. 6) | to hold an altercation with a man |
verborum concertatio | an altercation, debate |
pauca dicere (pauca verba dicere only of the orator) | to say only a few words |
omnia verba huc redeunt | all this means to say |
nullum verbum ex ore eius excidit (or simply ei) | no word escaped him |
verbo parum valere (Tusc. 3. 5. 11) | to unable to find a suitable expression |
verbum prorsus nullum intellegere | not to understand a single word |
huic rei deest apud nos vocabulum | we have no expression for that |
inducere novum verbum in latinam linguam | to introduce a new word into the Latin language |
verba parere, fingere, facere | to invent, form words |
nominum interpretatio | etymology (not etymologia) |
vocabulum, verbum, nomen ducere ab, ex... | to form, derive a word from... (used of the man who first creates the word) |
verbum ductum esse a...putare | to derive a word from... (used of an etymologist) |
originem verbi repetere a... | to derive a word from... (used of an etymologist) |
nomina enodare or verborum origines quaerere, indagare | to give the etymological explanation of words |
nomen amicitiae (or simply amicitia) dicitur ab amando | the word amicitia comes from amare |
in aliqua re dici | to be used in speaking of a thing |
quid significat, sonat haec vox? | what is the meaning, the original sense of this word? |
quae est vis huius verbi? | what is the meaning, the original sense of this word? |
quae notio or sententia subiecta est huic voci? | what is the meaning, the original sense of this word? |
vis et notio verbi, vocabuli | the fundamental meaning of a word |
vox, nomen carendi or simply carere hoc significat (Tusc. 1. 36. 88) | the word carere means.. |
quem intellegimus sapientem? | what do we understand by "a wise man"? |
quae intellegitur virtus | what do we mean by "virtue"? |
quid est virtus? | what do we mean by "virtue"? |
idem valere, significare, declarare | to have the same meaning |
vocabula idem fere declarantia | synonyms |
vocabulum latius patet | the word has a more extended signification |
vocabulum angustius valet | the word has a narrow meaning |
iracundiam sic (ita) definiunt, ut ulciscendi libidinem esse dicant or ut u. libido sit or iracundiam sic definiunt, ulc. libidinem | anger is defined as a passionate desire for revenge |
in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid | to take a thing in good (bad) part |
aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit | the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense |
verba ac litteras or scriptum (legis) sequi (opp. sententia the spirit) | to hold by the letter (of the law) |
hoc vocabulum generis neutri (not neutrius) est) | this word is neuter |
ordo verborum (Or. 63. 214) | the order of words |
vocabulum proprium | the proper term; a word used strictly |
verbum translatum (Or. 27. 92) | a figurative expression; a word used metaphorically |
translatio | a metaphor |
verba composita | well-arranged words |
verborum immutatio | a trope; metonymy |
continua translatio (Or. 27. 94) | an allegory; continuous metaphor |
simili uti | to employ a comparison, simile |
dissimulatio (Off. 1. 30. 108) | irony |
vetus (verbum) est (c. Acc. c. Inf.) | it was said long ago that.. |
ut est in proverbio | as the proverb says |
ut or quod or quomodo aiunt, ut or quemadmodum dicitur | as the proverb says |
in proverbii consuetudinem or simply in proverbium venire | to pass into a proverb |
proverbii locum obtinere (Tusc. 4. 16. 36) | to be used as a proverb |
hoc est Graecis hominibus in proverbio | this is a proverb among the Greeks |
bene illo Graecorum proverbio praecipitur | that Greek proverb contains an excellent lesson |
vetamur vetere proverbio | an old proverb tells us not to.. |
proverbium vetustate or sermone tritum (vid. sect. II. 3, note tritus...) | an old proverb which every one knows |
syllabam, litteram producere (opp. corripere) (Quintil. 9. 4. 89) | to lengthen the pronunciation of a syllable or letter |
haec vox longa syllaba terminatur, in longam syllabam cadit, exit | this word ends in a long syllable |
oriri a longa (De Or. 1. 55. 236) | to begin with a long syllable |
syllabarum auceps | a verbal, petty critic; a caviller |
verborum aucupium or captatio | minute, pedantic carping at words |
litteras exprimere (opp. obscurare) | to pronounce the syllables distinctly |
ad litteram, litterate | to the letter; literally |
litterarum ordo | the alphabet |
litterae, elementa | the alphabet |
ad litteram or litterarum ordine digerere | to arrange in alphabetical order |
litteris mandare or consignare aliquid (Acad. 2. 1. 2) | to put down in writing |
litteris persequi (vid. sect. VIII. 2, note persequi...) aliquid | to treat in writing |
scriptor (not auctor = guarantor) | the writer, author |
scribere | to take to writing, become an author |
ad scribendum or ad scribendi studium se conferre | to become a writer, embrace a literary career |
animum ad scribendum appellere, applicare | to become a writer, embrace a literary career |
librum scribere, conscribere | to write a book |
librum conficere, componere (De Sen. 1. 2) | to compose, compile a book |
librum edere (Div. 1. 3. 6) | to publish a book |
librum evolvere, volvere | to open a book |
volumen explicare | to open a book |
librum mittere ad aliquem (Fin. 1. 3. 8) | to dedicate a book to some one |
index, inscriptio libri | the title of a book |
liber inscribitur Laelius (Off. 2. 9. 30) | the book is entitled "Laelius" |
Cicero dicit in Laelio (suo) or in eo (not suo) libro, qui inscribitur Laelius | Cicero says in his "Laelius." |
est liber de... | there exists a book on.. |
exstat liber (notice the order of the words) | the book is still extant |
liber intercidit, periit | the book has been lost |
liber deperditus | a book which has been entirely lost sight of |
liber perditus | a lost book of which fragments (relliquiae, not fragmenta) remain |
liber qui fertur alicuius | a book which is attributed to some one |
nescio quis | an anonymous writer |
liber refertur ad nescio quem auctorem | the book is attributed to an unknown writer |
hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am. | the book treats of friendship |
libro continetur aliquid | the book contains something... (not continet aliquid) |
libro scriptor complexus est aliquid | the book contains something... (not continet aliquid) |
in extremo libro (Q. Fr. 2. 7. 1) | at the end of the book |
liber mihi est in manibus | to be engaged on a book |
librum in manibus habere (Acad. 1. 1. 2) | to be engaged on a book |
liber, oratio in manibus est | the book, speech can easily be obtained |
librum in manus sumere | to take up a book in one's hands |
librum de manibus ponere | to lay down a book (vid. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...) |
perpolire, limare diligenter librum, opus | to polish, finish a work with the greatest care |
extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi) | to put the finishing touch to a work |
liber accurate, diligenter scriptus | a carefully written book |
aliquid, multa ex Ciceronis libris excerpere (not excerpere librum) | to make extracts from Cicero's writings |
aliquid in commentarios suos referre (Tusc. 3. 22. 54) | to enter a thing in one's note-book |
librum annotare, interpolare, distinguere | to furnish a book with notes, additional extracts, marks of punctuation |
se abdere in bibliothecam suam | to bury oneself in one's library |
Platonem legere, lectitare | to read Plato |
locum Platonis afferre, proferre (not citare) | to quote a passage of Plato |
scriptor hoc loco dicit | our (not noster) author tells us at this point |
Cicero loco quodam haec dicit | Cicero says this somewhere |
Platonem legere et cognoscere | to study Plato |
legendo percurrere aliquid | to read cursorily |
apud Platonem scriptum videmus, scriptum est or simply est | we read in Plato |
in Platonis Phaedone scriptum est | in Plato's "Phaedo" we read |
verba, oratio, exemplum scriptoris | the text of the author (not textus) |
legentes, ii qui legunt | the reader |
languorem, molestiam legentium animis afferre | to weary, bore the reader |
liber plenus delectationis | a very charming book |
alicuius mens in scriptis spirat | a man's soul breathes through his writings |
mendum (scripturae) (Fam. 6. 7. 1) | a clerical error, copyist's mistake |
mendose scriptum | full of orthographical errors |
labi in scribendo | to make a mistake in writing |
mendosum esse (Verr. 2. 4. 77) | (1) to make frequent mistakes in writing; (2) to be full of mistakes (speaking of a passage) |
inducere verbum (Phil. 13. 19. 43) | to strike out, delete a word |
epistulam (litteras) dare, scribere, mittere ad aliquem | to write a letter to some one |
epistula ad Atticum data, scripta, missa or quae ad A. scripta est | a letter to Atticus |
epistulam dare alicui ad aliquem | to charge some one with a letter for some one else |
epistulam reddere alicui (Att. 5. 21. 4) | to deliver a letter to some one (used of the messenger) |
epistularum commercium | correspondence |
litterae missae et allatae | correspondence |
colloqui cum aliquo per litteras | to correspond with some one |
litteras inter se dare et accipere | to be in correspondence with.. |
litteras perferre aliquo | to take a letter somewhere |
epistulam signare, obsignare | to seal, fasten a letter |
epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere) | to open a letter |
epistulam intercipere (Att. 1. 13. 2) | to intercept a letter |
epistulam deprehendere | to take forcible possession of a letter |
litteras recitare (Att. 8. 9. 2) | to read a letter aloud (in public) |
litterae hoc exemplo (Att. 9. 6. 3) | a letter, the tenor of which is.. |
litterae in hanc sententiam or his verbis scriptae sunt | the terms, contents of the letter are as follows |
Kalendis Ianuariis Romā (dabam) | Rome, January 1st |
dies (fem. in this sense) | the date |
pater optime or carissime, mi pater (vid. sect. XII. 10) | my dear father |
litteras reddere datas a. d. Kal. X. Octob. | to deliver a letter dated September 21st |
animi affectio or habitus (De Inv. 2. 5) | humour; disposition |
ita animo affectum esse | to be so disposed |
animos tentare (Cluent. 63. 176) | to try to divine a person's disposition |
animum alicuius or simply aliquem flectere | to make a person change his intention |
animi motus, commotio, permotio | the emotions, feelings |
aliqua re moveri, commoveri | to be moved by a thing |
alicuius animum commovere | to touch a person's heart, move him |
alicuius animum pellere | to make an impression on a person's mind |
motus excitare in animo (opp. sedare, exstinguere) | to excite emotion |
commotum or concitatum esse | to be moved, agitated |
commotum perturbatumque esse | to be greatly agitated |
alicuius mentem turbare, conturbare, perturbare | to upset a person |
quid tibi animi est? | what sort of humour are you in? |
afficere aliquem gaudio, laetitia | to give pleasure to some one |
afferre alicui laetitiam | to give pleasure to some one |
laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re | to take pleasure in a thing |
delectari aliqua re | to take pleasure in a thing |
in sinu gaudere (Tusc. 3. 21. 51) | to rejoice in secret |
gaudio perfundi | to be filled with delight |
cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1) | to add the crowning point to a person's joy |
gaudio, laetitia exsultare | to utter cries of joy |
laetitia gestire (Tusc. 4. 6. 13) | to be transported with joy |
effusa laetitia | a transport of joy |
laetitia gestiens | a transport of joy |
gaudio, laetitia efferri | to be beside oneself with joy |
animum alicuius ad laetitiam excitare | to put a man in a pleasurable frame of mind |
nimio gaudio paene desipere | to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy |
doleo aliquid, aliqua re, de and ex aliqua re | I am pained, vexed, sorry |
aegre, graviter, moleste fero aliquid (or with Acc. c. Inf. or quod) | I am pained, vexed, sorry |
tuam vicem doleo | I am sorry for you |
dolore affici | to feel pain |
dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re | to be vexed about a thing |
doloribus premi, angi, ardere, cruciari, distineri et divelli | to feel acute pain |
dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere | to cause a person pain |
acerbum dolorem alicui inurere | to cause any one very acute pain |
acer morsus doloris est (Tusc. 2. 22. 53) | the pain is very severe |
dolorem in lacrimas effundere | to find relief in tears |
dolori indulgere | to give way to grief |
dolor infixus animo haeret (Phil. 2. 26) | grief has struck deep into his soul |
dolore confici, tabescere | to be wasted with grief; to die of grief |
dolores remittunt, relaxant | the pain grows less |
dolori resistere | to struggle against grief |
callum obducere dolori (Tusc. 2. 15. 36) | to render insensible to pain |
animus meus ad dolorem obduruit (Fam. 2. 16. 1) | I have become callous to all pain |
dolorem abicere, deponere, depellere | to banish grief |
dolorem alicui eripere (Att. 9. 6. 4) | to free a person from his pain |
cum magno meo dolore | to my sorrow |
in aegritudine, sollicitudine esse | to be vexed, mortified, anxious |
aegritudine, sollicitudine affici | to be vexed, mortified, anxious |
sollicitum esse | to be vexed, mortified, anxious |
nihil omnino curare | not to trouble oneself about a thing |
non laborare de aliqua re | not to trouble oneself about a thing |
aliquid me sollicitat, me sollicitum habet, mihi sollicitudini est, mihi sollicitudinem affert | something harasses me, makes me anxious |
aegritudo exest animum planeque conficit (Tusc. 3. 13. 27) | anxiety gnaws at the heart and incapacitates it |
aegritudine, curis confici | to be wasting away with grief |
aegritudine afflictum, debilitatum esse, iacēre | to be bowed down, prostrated by grief |
aegritudinem alicuius elevare | to comfort another in his trouble |
aliquem aegritudine levare | to comfort another in his trouble |
quieto, tranquillo, securo animo esse | to enjoy peace of mind |
rebus suis, sorte sua contentum esse | to be contented |
satis habeo, satis mihi est c. Inf. | I am content to.. |
paucis, parvo contentum esse | to be satisfied with a little |
fortunae meae me paenitet | I am discontented with my lot |
non me paenitet, quantum profecerim | I am not dissatisfied with my progress |
in luctu esse (Sest. 14. 32) | to suffer affliction |
in sordibus luctuque iacēre | to be in great trouble, affliction |
mors alicuius luctum mihi attulit | some one's death has plunged me in grief |
in maximos luctus incidere | to be overwhelmed by a great affliction |
magnum luctum haurire (without ex-) | to undergo severe trouble, trials |
luctum percipere ex aliqua re | to feel sorrow about a thing |
omnem luctum plane abstergere | to banish all sad thoughts |
luctum deponere (Phil. 14. 13. 34) | to lay aside one's grief |
vel maximos luctus vetustate tollit diuturnitas (Fam. 5. 16. 5) | time assuages the most violent grief |
timorem, terrorem alicui inicere, more strongly incutere | to inspire fear, terror |
timor aliquem occupat (B. G. 1. 39) | fear comes upon some one |
in timore esse, versari | to be in fear |
in timorem venire, pervenire | to become frightened |
metus aliquem exanimat (Mil. 24. 65) | a man is paralysed with fear |
exalbescere metu | to grow pale with fear |
metu fractum et debilitatum, perculsum esse | to be completely prostrated by fear |
abicere, omittere timorem | to banish one's fears |
a metu respirare (Cluent. 70. 200) | to recover from one's fright |
ex metu se recreare, se colligere | to recover from one's fright |
respirandi spatium dare | to give time for recovery |
terror incidit alicui | terror, panic seizes some one |
terror invadit in aliquem (rarely alicui, after Livy aliquem) | terror, panic seizes some one |
in terrorem conicere aliquem | to overwhelm some one with terror |
(animo) angi (Brut. 27) | to be very uneasy; to fret |
cura sollicitat angitque aliquem | anxiety troubles and torments one |
angoribus premi | to be tormented with anxiety |
angoribus confici (Phil. 2. 15. 37) | to be worn out, almost dead with anxiety |
bono animo esse | to be brave, courageous |
bonum animum habere | to be brave, courageous |
animus alicui accedit, crescit | to take courage |
animum capere, colligere | to take courage |
animum recipere (Liv. 2. 50) | to take courage again |
animo forti esse | to be brave by nature |
fortem te praebe | be brave! |
alacri et erecto animo esse | to show a brisk and cheerful spirit |
animum facere, addere alicui | to succeed in encouraging a person |
animum alicuius confirmare | to strengthen, confirm a person's courage |
animum alicui augere (B. G. 7. 70) | to increase a person's courage |
animum alicuius redintegrare | to re-inspire courage |
animus frangitur, affligitur, percellitur, debilitatur | their spirits are broken |
animos militum accendere | to fire with courage |
animi cadunt | their courage is ebbing |
animo cadere, deficere | to lose courage; to despair |
animum demittere | to lose courage; to despair |
erigere alicuius animum or aliquem | to encourage a person |
excitare animum iacentem et afflictum (opp. frangere animum) | to inspire the spiritless and prostrate with new vigour |
animo esse humili, demisso (more strongly animo esse fracto, perculso et abiecto) (Att. 3. 2) | to be cast down, discouraged, in despair |
inflatum, elatum esse aliqua re | to be proud, arrogant by reason of something |
insolentia, superbia inflatum esse | to be puffed up with pride |
magnos spiritus sibi sumere (B. G. 1. 33) | to be haughty |
spiritus alicuius reprimere | to lower a person's pride |
insolentius se efferre | to behave arrogantly |
elatius se gerere | to give oneself airs |
sibi sumere aliquid (Planc. 1. 3) | to take upon oneself |
contumacius se gerere | to display a proud obstinacy |
libera contumacia Socratis (Tusc. 1. 29. 71) | the frank but defiant demeanour of Socrates (before his judges) |
praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...) | to possess presence of mind |
aequo (aequissimo) animo ferre aliquid | to endure a thing with (the greatest) sang-froid |
humane, modice, moderate, sapienter, constanter ferre aliquid | to bear a thing with resignation, composure |
(animo) paratum esse ad aliquid | to be resigned to a thing |
omnia perpeti paratum esse | to be ready to endure anything |
ad omnes casus se comparare | to prepare oneself for all contingencies |
animum alicuius de statu, de gradu demovere (more strongly depellere, deturbare) | to disconcert a person |
de statu suo or mentis deici (Att. 16. 15) | to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted |
de gradu deici, ut dicitur | to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted |
perturbari (animo) | to lose one's composure; to be disconcerted |
sui (mentis) compotem non esse | to lose one's head, be beside oneself |
non esse apud se (Plaut. Mil. 4. 8. 26) | to lose one's head, be beside oneself |
mente vix constare (Tusc. 4. 17. 39) | to compose oneself with difficulty |
animo adesse (Sull. 11. 33) | to be quite unconcerned |
ad se redire | to regain one's self-possession |
constantiam servare | to be calm, self-possessed |
mente consistere | to be calm, self-possessed |
desperare suis rebus | to despair of one's position |
ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42) | to be plunged into the depths of despair |
desperatio rerum (omnium) (Catil. 2. 11. 25) | absolute despair; a hopeless situation |
quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37) | what will become of me? |
actum est de me | it's all over with me; I'm a lost man |
spem habere | to cherish a hope |
spe duci, niti, teneri | to cherish a hope |
magna me spes tenet (with Acc. c. Inf.) (Tusc. 1. 41. 97) | I have great hopes that.. |
sperare videor | I flatter myself with the hope.. |
bene, optime (meliora) sperare de aliquo (Nep. Milt. 1. 1) | to hope well of a person |
in spem venire, ingredi, adduci | to conceive a hope |
spem concipere animo | to conceive a hope |
spem redintegrare (B. G. 7. 25) | to revive a hope |
spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere | to inspire any one with hope |
ad spem aliquem excitare, erigere | to awaken new hope in some one |
in maximam spem aliquem adducere (Att. 2. 22. 3) | to inspire some one with the most brilliant hopes |
in meliorem spem, cogitationem aliquem inducere (Off. 2. 15. 53) | to induce some one to take a brighter view of things |
spem proponere alicui | to lead some one to expect.. |
spes affulget (Liv. 27. 28) | a ray of hope shines on us |
spem falsam alicui ostendere | to rouse a vain, groundless hope in some one's mind |
spem alicui adimere, tollere, auferre, eripere | to deprive a person of hope |
spem praecīdere, incidere (Liv. 2. 15) | to cut off all hope |
spem perdere | to lose hope |
spe deici, depelli, deturbari | to lose hope |
spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur | expectation is overthrown |
spem abicere, deponere | to give up hoping |
inani, falsa spe duci, induci | to be misled by a vain hope |
spes me frustratur | hope has played me false |
spes extenuatur et evanescit | hope is vanishing by degrees |
spem alicuius fallere (Catil. 4. 11. 23) | to deceive a person's hope |
spem alicui or alicuius minuere | to weaken, diminish a person's hope |
spem alicuius confirmare | to strengthen a person in his hopes |
spem alere | to entertain a hope |
spem habere in aliquo | to set one's hope on some one |
spem suam ponere, collocare in aliquo | to set one's hope on some one |
inter spem metumque suspensum animi esse | to hover between hope and fear |
praeter spem, exspectationem | contrary to expectation |
exspectationem sui facere, commovere | to cause oneself to be expected |
exspectationem explere (De Or. 1. 47. 205) | to fulfil expectation |
exspectationi satisfacere, respondere | to respond to expectations |
exspectatione alicuius rei pendēre (animi) (Leg. Agr. 2. 25. 66) | to be in suspense, waiting for a thing |
exspectatione torqueri, cruciari | to suffer torments of expectation, delay |
suspenso animo exspectare aliquid | to be waiting in suspense for.. |
aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39) | to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch |
misericordiam alicui commovere | to excite some one's pity |
misericordiam alicuius concitare | to excite some one's pity |
ad misericordiam aliquem allicere, adducere, inducere | to arouse feelings of compassion in some one |
misericordia moveri, capi (De Or. 2. 47) | to be touched with pity |
misericordiam implorare | to implore a person's sympathy, pity |
indulgere vitiis alicuius | to be indulgent to a person's faults |
alicui veniam dare (alicuius rei) | to pardon some one |
omnem humanitatem exuisse, abiecisse (Lig. 5. 14) | to be quite insensible to all feelings of humanity |
omnem humanitatis sensum amisisse | to be quite insensible of all feelings to humanity |
omnis humanitatis expertem esse | to be absolutely wanting in sympathy |
omnem humanitatem ex animo exstirpare (Amic. 13. 48) | to stifle, repress all humane sentiments in one's mind |
nullam partem sensus habere | to possess not the least spark of feeling |
crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...) | to behave with cruelty |
crudelitatem exercere in aliquo | to exercise one's cruelty on some one |
crudelitatem adhibere in aliquem | to exercise one's cruelty on some one |
animadvertere in aliquem | to inflict punishment on a person |
carum habere aliquem | to feel affection for a person |
in amore habere aliquem | to feel affection for a person |
amore prosequi, amplecti aliquem | to feel affection for a person |
carum esse alicui | to be dear to some one |
carum atque iucundum esse alicui | to be dear to some one |
adamasse aliquem (only in Perf. and Plup.) (Nep. Dion 2. 3) | to become devoted to some one |
aliquem toto pectore, ut dicitur, amare (Leg. 18. 49) | to love some one very dearly, with all one's heart |
aliquem ex animo or ex animi sententia amare (Q. Fr. 1. 1. 5) | to love deeply |
amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere | to be fired with love |
amorem ex animo eicere | to banish love from one's mind |
mel ac deliciae alicuius (Fam. 8. 8. 1) | somebody's darling |
amores et deliciae alicuius | somebody's darling |
in amore et deliciis esse alicui (active in deliciis habere aliquem) | to be some one's favourite |
aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75) | to love and make a bosom friend of a person |
aliquis, aliquid mihi curae or cordi est | somebody, something is never absent from my thoughts |
curae habere aliquid | to have laid something to heart; to take an interest in a thing |
nihil antiquius or prius habeo quam ut (nihil mihi antiquius or potius est, quam ut) | there is nothing I am more interested in than.. |
desiderio alicuius rei teneri, affici (more strongly flagrare, incensum esse) | to long for a thing, yearn for it |
desiderio exardescere | to be consumed with longing |
admirationi esse | to be admired |
admiratione affici | to be admired |
admirationem habere (Quintil. 8. 2. 6) | to be admired |
magna est admiratio alicuius | some one is the object of much admiration |
admirationem alicui movere | to fill a person with astonishment |
admiratione incensum esse | to be fired with admiration |
admirabilia (= παράδοξα) | paradoxes; surprising things |
studio ardere alicuius or alicuius rei (De Or. 2. 1. 1) | to have enthusiasm for a person or thing |
studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere | to make some one enthusiastic for a thing |
ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior | enthusiasm |
ardorem animi restinguere | to damp, chill enthusiasm |
ardor animi resēdit, consedit | his enthusiasm has abated, cooled down |
fidem habere alicui | to believe a person |
fidem alicuius rei facere alicui | to make some one believe a thing |
fidem tribuere, adiungere alicui rei | to believe in, trust in a thing |
fidem abrogare, derogare alicui | to rob a person of his credit |
fidem alicuius imminuere, infirmare (opp. confirmare) | to weaken, destroy a man's credit |
fiduciam in aliquo ponere, collocare | to put confidence in some one |
confidere alicui (but aliqua re) | to put confidence in some one |
fiduciam (alicuius rei) habere | to have great confidence in a thing |
fiducia sui (Liv. 25. 37) | self-confidence |
committere aliquid alicui or alicuius fidei | to entrust a thing to a person's good faith |
totum se committere, tradere alicui | to put oneself entirely in some one's hands |
fidem colere, servare | to preserve one's loyalty |
fidem praestare alicui | to keep faith with a person, keep one's word |
in fide manere (B. G. 7. 4. 5) | to remain loyal |
fidem laedere, violare, frangere | to break one's word |
fidem alicuius labefactare (Cluent. 60. 194) | to make a person waver in his loyalty |
de fide deducere or a fide abducere aliquem | to undermine a person's loyalty |
fide data et accepta (Sall. Iug. 81. 1) | having exchanged pledges, promises |
se conferre, se tradere, se permittere in alicuius fidem | to put oneself under some one's protection |
confugere ad aliquem, ad fidem alicuius | to flee for refuge to some one |
in fidem recipere aliquem (B. G. 2. 15. 1) | to take a person under one's protection |
fidem alicuius obsecrare, implorare | to implore some one's protection |
fidem addere alicui rei | to confirm, ratify, sanction something |
fidem publicam dare, interponere (Sall. Iug. 32. 1) | to guarantee the protection of the state; to promise a safe-conduct |
fidem dare alicui (opp. accipere) (c. Acc. c. Inf.) | to give one's word that.. |
fidem servare (opp. fallere) | to keep one's word (not tenere) |
fidem persolvere | to fulfil a promise |
fidem (promissum) praestare | to fulfil a promise |
fidem interponere (Sall. Iug. 32. 5) | to pledge one's word to.. |
fidem prodere | to break one's word |
fidem frangere | to break one's word |
promisso stare | to abide by one's undertaking |
fide obstrictum teneri (Pis. 13. 29) | to be bound by one's word; to be on one's honour |
fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem) | to make a thing credible |
aliquid fidem habet (vid. also fides under sect. VII., History) | a thing finds credence, is credible |
sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo | to be security for some one |
praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf. | to be answerable for a person, a thing |
suspicionem movere, excitare, inicere, dare alicui | to rouse a person's suspicions |
suspicionem habere de aliquo | to suspect a person |
suspicionem alicuius rei habere | to be suspected of a thing |
suspicio (alicuius rei) cadit in aliquem, pertinet ad aliquem | a suspicion falls on some one |
aliquem in suspicionem adducere (alicui), aliquem suspectum reddere | to make a person suspected |
in suspicionem vocari, cadere | to become the object of suspicion |
in suspicionem alicui venire | to be suspected by some one |
suspicionem a se removere, depellere, propulsare (Verr. 3. 60. 140) | to clear oneself of a suspicion |
suspicionem ex animo delere | to banish all feeling of prejudice from the mind |
suspicio insidet in animo ejus | he is in a suspicious mood |
suspicio ei penitus inhaeret | he is in a suspicious mood |
suspicio tenuissima, minima | the faintest suspicion |
a suspicione alicuius rei abhorrere | to have no presentiment of a thing |
animus praesāgit malum | my mind forebodes misfortune |
animo praesagio malum | my mind forebodes misfortune |
invisum esse alicui | to be hated by some one |
odio, invidiae esse alicui | to be hated by some one |
in invidia esse alicui | to be hated by some one |
in odio esse apud aliquem | to be hated by some one |
invidia flagrare, premi | to be detested |
in odium, in invidiam venire alicui | to incur a person's hatred |
invidiam colligere (aliqua re) | to incur a person's hatred |
alicuius odium subire, suscipere, in se convertere, sibi conflare | to incur a person's hatred |
in alicuius odium incurrere | to incur a person's hatred |
in invidiam, odium (alicuius) vocare aliquem | to make a person odious, unpopular |
in invidiam adducere aliquem | to make a person odious, unpopular |
invidiam alicui conflare (Catil. 1. 9. 23) | to make a person odious, unpopular |
invidiam, odium ex-, concitare alicui, in aliquem | to make a person odious, unpopular |
capitali odio dissidere ab aliquo (De Am. 1. 2) | to be separated by a deadly hatred |
odium explere aliqua re (Liv. 4. 32) | to glut one's hatred |
odium implacabile suscipere in aliquem | to conceive an implacable hatred against a man |
odio or invidia alicuius ardere | to be consumed with hatred |
odium inveteratum habere in aliquem (Vat. 3. 6) | to cherish an inveterate animosity against some one |
odio inflammatum, accensum esse | to be fired with a passionate hatred |
odium alicuius inflammare | to kindle hatred in a person's heart; to fill some one with hatred (not implere, vid. sect. IX. 2, note gaudio...) |
odium restinguere, exstinguere | to stifle, drown one's hatred |
aegre, graviter, moleste, indigne ferre aliquid | to be discontented, vexed at a thing; to chafe |
indignitas, atrocitas rei (Mur. 25. 51) | the revolting nature of an action |
o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118) | monstrous! |
ira incensum esse | to be fired with rage |
iracundia inflammatum esse | to be fired with rage |
ira ardere (Flacc. 35. 88) | to be fired with rage |
iracundia exardescere, effervescere | to be transported with passion |
iracundia efferri | to be carried away by one's anger |
ira defervescit (Tusc. 4. 36. 78) | his anger cools |
virus acerbitatis suae effundere in aliquem (De Amic. 23. 87) | to vent one's anger, spite on some one |
iram in aliquem effundere | to vent one's anger, spite on some one |
iram, bilem evomere in aliquem | to vent one's anger, spite on some one |
irae indulgere (Liv. 23. 3) | to give free play to one's anger |
praecipitem in iram esse (Liv. 23. 7) | to be short-tempered; to be prone to anger |
animum explere | to cool one's anger |
iracundiam continere, cohibere, reprimere | to restrain, master one's passion |
iram restinguere, sedare | to calm one's anger |
animum alicuius ab iracundia revocare | to prevent some one from growing angry, appease his anger |
stomachum, bilem alicui movere | to excite a person's wrath |
ulcisci aliquem, poenas expetere ab aliquo | to revenge oneself on some one |
ulcisci aliquid, poenas alicuius rei expetere | to revenge oneself for a thing |
ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo or pro aliqua re | to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf |
poenas alicuius or alicuius rei repetere ab aliquo | to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf |
iniurias persequi (Verr. 2. 3. 9) | to avenge an insult |
impellere aliquem in furorem | to make some one furious |
furore inflammari, incendi | to become furious |
furore incensus, abreptus, impulsus | in a transport of rage |
indignatio aliquem incedit | to be filled with indignation |
indignationes (Liv. 25. 1. 9) | signs of irritation, of discontent |
vita honesta (turpis) | a virtuous (immoral) life |
honesta expetere; turpia fugere | to follow virtue; to flee from vice |
virtute praeditum, ornatum esse (opp. vitiis obrutum esse) | to be virtuous |
viam virtutis ingredi (Off. 1. 32. 118) | to walk in the ways of virtue |
omnia consilia et facta ad virtutem referre (Phil. 10. 10. 20) | to make virtue the standard in every thought and act |
virtutem sequi, virtutis studiosum esse | to strive to attain virtue |
virtutis perfectae perfecto munere fungi (Tusc. 1. 45. 109) | to live a perfect life |
virtutem pristinam retinere | to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever |
nihil ex pristina virtute remittere | to live as scrupulously moral a life as ever |
summum bonum in virtute ponere | to consider virtue the highest good |
virtus hoc habet, ut... | this is a characteristic of virtue, it.. |
a virtute discedere or deficere | to deviate from the path of virtue |
honestatem deserere | to deviate from the path of virtue |
a maiorum virtute desciscere, degenerare, deflectere | to deteriorate |
a parentibus degenerare | to degenerate (from one's ancestors) |
corrumpi, depravari | to be demoralised, corrupted |
excitare aliquem ad virtutem | to rouse in some one an enthusiasm for virtue |
bonitas (Fin. 5. 29. 65) | kindheartedness |
naturae bonitas (Off. 1. 32. 118) | innate goodness, kindness |
naturae bona | natural advantages |
omni vitio carere | to be free from faults |
vitia erumpunt (in aliquem) (De Amic. 21. 76) | his vices betray themselves |
animum vitiis dedere | to abandon oneself to vice |
vitiis, sceleribus contaminari or se contaminare (Off. 3. 8. 37) | to be tainted with vice |
vitiis, sceleribus inquinatum, contaminatum, obrutum esse | to be vicious, criminal |
vitia exstirpare et funditus tollere | to eradicate vice |
vita omnibus flagitiis, vitiis dedita | a life defiled by every crime |
vita omnibus flagitiis inquinata | a life defiled by every crime |
natura proclivem esse ad vitia | to have a natural propensity to vice |
scelera moliri (Att. 7. 11) | to meditate crime |
scelus facere, committere | to commit crime |
facinus facere, committere | to do a criminal deed |
scelere se devincire, se obstringere, astringi | to commit a crime and so make oneself liable to the consequences of it |
scelus (in se) concipere, suscipere | to commit a crime and so make oneself liable to the consequences of it |
scelus edere in aliquem (Sest. 26. 58) | to commit a crime against some one |
scelus scelere cumulare (Catil. 1. 6. 14) | to heap crime on crime |
scelus supplicio expiare | to expiate a crime by punishment |
cupiditate alicuius rei accensum, inflammatum esse | to be fired with desire of a thing |
cupiditate alicuius rei ardere, flagrare | to have an ardent longing for a thing |
cupiditatem alicuius accendere | to rouse a person's interest, cupidity |
aliquem ad cupiditatem incitare | to rouse a person's interest, cupidity |
aliquem cupiditate inflammare | to rouse a person's interest, cupidity |
cupiditatibus occaecari (Fin. 1. 10. 33) | to be blinded by passions |
libidine ferri | to be carried away by one's passions |
se (totum) libidinibus dedere | to abandon oneself (entirely) to debauchery |
cupiditatibus servire, pārēre | to be the slave of one's desires |
praecipitem ferri aliqua re (Verr. 5. 46. 121) | to be carried away by something |
homo impotens sui | a man of no self-control, self-indulgent |
homo effrenatus, intemperans | a man of no self-control, self-indulgent |
sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum | to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations |
animum regere, coercere, cohibere | to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations |
animum vincere (Marcell. 3. 8) | to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations |
imperare cupiditatibus | to overcome one's passions |
coercere, cohibere, continere, domitas habere cupiditates | to overcome one's passions |
refrenare cupiditates, libidines | to bridle one's desires |
effrenatae cupiditates | unrestrained, unbridled lust |
indomitae animi cupiditates | unrestrained, unbridled lust |
cupiditates explere, satiare | to satisfy one's desires |
libidinem alicuius excitare | to arouse some one's lust |
libido dominatur (Or. 65. 219) | the passions win the day |
libido consēdit | the storm of passion has abated |
cupiditates deferbuerunt (Cael. 18. 43) | the passions have cooled down |
animi perturbationes exstirpare | to eradicate passion from the mind |
iniuriam inferre, facere alicui | to wrong a person |
iniuria afficere aliquem | to wrong a person |
iniuria lacessere aliquem | to provoke a person by a gratuitous insult |
iniuria abstinere (Off. 3. 17. 72) | to refrain from doing a wrong, an injustice |
iniuriam accipere | to be the victim of an injustice |
iniuriam ferre, pati | to suffer wrong |
iniurias defendere, repellere, propulsare | to repel an injury |
iniurias neglegere | to leave a wrong unpunished, to ignore it |
ab iniuria aliquem defendere | to protect any one from wrong |
satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis | to give some one satisfaction for an injury |
contumelia aliquem afficere | to insult some one |
voces (verba) contumeliosae | insulting expressions |
verborum contumeliae | insulting expressions |
contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...) | to use insulting expressions to any one |
maledictis aliquem onerare, lacerare | to heap abuse on some one |
offendere aliquem, alicuius animum | to hurt some one's feelings |
offendere apud aliquem (Cluent. 23. 63) | to hurt some one's feelings |
in offensionem alicuius incurrere (Verr. 1. 12. 35) | to hurt some one's feelings |
offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur) | to feel hurt by something |
offendere in aliquo (Mil. 36. 99) | to have something to say against a person, to object to him |
offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98) | to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion |
offensionem habere | to give offense to, to shock a person (used of things, vid. sect. V. 18) |
res habet aliquid offensionis | there is something repulsive about the thing |
vim adhibere, facere alicui | to use violence against some one |
vim inferre alicui | to do violence to a person |
vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21) | to kill with violence |
vim vi depellere | to meet force by force |
vi vim illatam defendere | to meet force by force |
insidias collocare, locare (Mil. 10. 27) | to set an ambuscade |
insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere | to waylay a person |
aliquem in insidiis locare, collocare, ponere | to place some one in ambush |
aliquem in insidias elicere, inducere | to draw some one into an ambush |
subsidere in insidiis (Mil. 19. 49) | to place oneself in ambush |
minitari (minari) alicui mortem, crucem et tormenta, bellum | to threaten some one with death, crucifixion, torture, war |
minitari alicui igni ferroque (Phil. 13. 9. 21) | to threaten with fire and sword |
denuntiare bellum, caedem (Sest. 20. 46) | to threaten war, carnage |
minas iacere, iactare | to use threats |
minis uti | to use threats |
speciem alicuius rei habere | to have the appearance of something |
speciem alicuius rei praebere | to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of.. |
speciem prae se ferre | to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of.. |
in speciem | apparently; to look at |
specie (De Amic. 13. 47) | apparently; to look at |
per speciem (alicuius rei) | apparently; to look at |
per simulationem, simulatione alicuius rei | under pretext, pretence of.. |
simulare morbum | to pretend to be ill |
dissimulare morbum | to pretend not to be ill |
aliquis simulat aegrum or se esse aegrum | some one feigns illness |
aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui) | to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions |
per dolum (B. G. 4. 13) | by craft |
dolis et fallaciis (Sall. Cat. 11. 2) | by the aid of fraud and lies |
sine fuco ac fallaciis (Att. 1. 1. 1) | without any disguise, frankly |
verba dare alicui (Att. 15. 16) | to deceive a person, throw dust in his eyes |
mendacium dicere | to tell lies |
falsa (pro veris) dicere | to tell lies |
ludere, irridere, deridere aliquem | to make sport of, rally a person |
illudere alicui or in aliquem (more rarely aliquem) | to make sport of, rally a person |
ludibrio esse alicui | to serve as some one's butt |
in ludibrium verti (Tac. Ann. 12. 26) | to become an object of ridicule; to be laughed at |
omnibus artibus aliquem ludificari, eludere | to fool a person thoroughly |
per ludibrium | in sport, mockery |
officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare | to do one's duty |
officio suo satisfacere (Div. in Caec. 14. 47) | to do one's duty |
officio suo fungi | to do one's duty |
omnes officii partes exsequi | to fulfil one's duty in every detail |
nullam officii partem deserere | to fulfil one's duty in every detail |
diligentem esse in retinendis officiis | to be exact, punctual in the performance of one's duty |
officium suum deserere, neglegere | to neglect one's duty |
ab officio discedere | to neglect one's duty |
de, ab officio decedere | to neglect one's duty |
officio suo deesse (Fam. 7. 3) | to neglect one's duty |
ad officium redire | to return to one's duties |
in officio manere (Att. 1. 3) | to remain faithful to one's duty |
contra officium est c. Inf. | it is a breach of duty to.. |
ab officio abduci, avocari | to let oneself be perverted from one's duty |
salvo officio (Off. 3. 1. 4) | without violating, neglecting one's duty |
multa et magna inter nos officia intercedunt (Fam. 13. 65) | we are united by many mutual obligations |
in aliquem officia conferre | to be courteous, obliging to some one |
aliquem officiis suis complecti, prosequi | to be courteous, obliging to some one |
officiosum esse in aliquem | to be courteous, obliging to some one |
litterae officii or humanitatis plenae | a most courteous letter |
studere alicui rei, studiosum esse alicuius rei | to have an inclination for a thing |
studio alicuius rei teneri | to have an inclination for a thing |
propensum, proclivem esse ad aliquid (opp. alienum, aversum esse, abhorrere ab aliqua re) | to have an inclination for a thing |
studiis suis obsequi (De Or. 1. 1. 3) | to follow one's inclinations |
sibi or ingenio suo indulgere (Nep. Chabr. 3) | to indulge one's caprice |
rationis participem (opp. expertem) esse | to be endowed with reason |
ratione praeditum esse, uti | to be endowed with reason |
prudenter, considerate, consilio agere (opp. temere, nullo consilio, nulla ratione) | to act reasonably, judiciously |
sapere (Off. 2. 14. 48) | to be a man of sense, judgment |
resipiscere (Att. 4. 5. 2) | to recover one's reason, be reasonable again |
ad sanitatem reverti, redire | to recover one's reason, be reasonable again |
ad bonam frugem se recipere | to recover one's reason, be reasonable again |
ad sanitatem adducere, revocare aliquem | to bring some one back to his senses |
satin (= satisne) sanus es? | are you in your right mind? |
rationi repugnare | to be contrary to all reason |
conscientia recta, recte facti (factorum), virtutis, bene actae vitae, rectae voluntatis | a good conscience |
mens bene sibi conscia | a good conscience |
conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti | a guilty conscience |
animus male sibi conscius | a guilty conscience |
nullius culpae sibi conscium esse | to be conscious of no ill deed |
conscientia morderi (Tusc. 4. 20. 45) | to be conscience-stricken |
conscientiae maleficiorum stimulant aliquem | his guilty conscience gives him no rest |
conscientia mala angi, excruciari | to be tormented by remorse |
(mens scelerum furiis agitatur) | to be tormented by remorse |
conscientia recte factorum erigi | to congratulate oneself on one's clear conscience |
Furiae agitant et vexant aliquem | the Furies harass and torment some one |
modum tenere, retinere, servare, adhibere | to observe moderation, be moderate |
omnia modice agere | to be moderate in all things, commit no excess |
modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei | to set a limit to a thing |
modum transire | to pass the limit |
extra modum prodire | to pass the limit |
ultra modum progredi | to pass the limit |
metiri, ponderare, aestimare, iudicare aliquid (ex) aliqua re | to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion |
dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem | to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion |
fines certos terminosque constituere | to impose fixed limitations |
terminis circumscribere aliquid | to set bounds to a thing, limit it |
moderatum, continentem esse | to behave with moderation |
moderatum se praebere | to behave with moderation |
temperantia uti | to behave with moderation |
moderationem, modum adhibere in aliqua re | to show moderation in a matter |
moderari aliquid (Flacc. 5. 12) | to show moderation in a matter |
modice ac sapienter | with moderation and judgment |
sine modo; nullo modo adhibito | with no moderation |
extra, praeter modum | beyond all measure |
mediocritatem tenere (Off. 1. 25. 89) | to observe the golden mean |
homo bene (male) moratus | a moral (immoral) man |
homo perditus | a depraved, abandoned character |
praecepta de moribus or de virtute | moral precepts |
morum praecepta tradere alicui | to give moral advice, rules of conduct |
de virtute praecipere alicui | to give moral advice, rules of conduct |
mores corrupti or perditi | moral corruption (not corruptela morum) |
tam perditis or corruptis moribus | amongst such moral depravity |
mores in dies magis labuntur (also with ad, e.g. ad mollitiem) | immorality is daily gaining ground |
severus morum castigator | a stern critic of morals |
aliquid abhorret a meis moribus (opp. insitum \[atque innatum\] est animo or in animo alicuius) | something is contrary to my moral sense, goes against my principles |
consilia et facta (cf. sect. X. 1, note For "thoughts and deeds"...) | thought and deed |
institutum tenere | to remain true to one's principles |
ratione; animi quodam iudicio | on principle |
vitae ratio bene ac sapienter instituta | a sound and sensible system of conduct |
meae vitae rationes ab ineunte aetate susceptae (Imp. Pomp. 1. 1.) | the principles which I have followed since I came to man's estate |
certas rationes in agendo sequi | to follow fixed principles of conduct |
omnia temere agere, nullo iudicio uti | to have no principles |
caeco impetu ferri | to have no principles |
natura et mores; vita moresque; indoles animi ingeniique; or simply ingenium, indoles, natura, mores | character |
vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis) | a man of character, with a strong personality |
sibi constare, constantem esse | to be consistent |
animo mobili esse (Fam. 5. 2. 10) | to be inconsistent, changeable |
aliquid est proprium alicuius | something is a characteristic of a man |
mobilitas et levitas animi | inconsistency; changeability |
numen (deorum) divinum | the sovereign power of the gods |
dei propitii (opp. irati) | the favour of heaven |
superi; inferi | the gods of the upper, lower world |
inferi (Orcus and Tartarus only poetical) | the world below |
ad inferos descendere | to descend to the world below |
apud inferos esse | to be in the lower world |
aliquem ab inferis or a mortuis evocare, excitare (passive ab inferis exsistere) | to summon some one from the dead |
deos sancte, pie venerari | to be an earnest worshipper of the gods |
deum rite (summa religione) colere | to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly) |
cultus dei, deorum (N. D. 2. 3. 8) | worship of the gods; divine service |
sacra, res divinae, religiones, caerimoniae | ritual; ceremonial |
rebus divinis interesse (B. G. 6. 13) | to take part in divine service (of the priest) |
sacris adesse | to be present at divine service (of the people) |
sacris initiari (Quintil. 12. 10. 14) | to be initiated into the mysteries of a cult |
templa deorum adire | to make a pilgrimage to the shrines of the gods |
numerum deorum obtinere (N. D. 3. 20) | to be regarded as a god |
aliquem in deorum numerum referre, reponere | to deify a person |
aliquem in deorum numero referre | to consider as a god |
aliquem divino honere colere | to pay divine honours to some one |
alicui divinos honores tribuere, habere | to pay divine honours to some one |
propius ad deos accedere (Mil. 22. 59) | to approach the gods |
supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria | heavenly things; earthly things |
divinitus (De Or. 1. 46. 202) | by divine inspiration (often = marvellously, excellently) |
divinitus accidit | it happened miraculously |
imbuere (vid. sect. VII. 7, note imbuere...) pectora religione | to inspire with religious feeling, with the fear of God |
audientium animos religione perfundere (Liv. 10. 388) | to fill the souls of one's audience with devotion |
religionem ex animis extrahere (N. D. 1. 43. 121) | to banish devout sentiment from the minds of others |
omnem religionem tollere, delere | to annihilate all religious feeling |
religionem labefactare (vid. sect. V. 7, note In Latin metaphor...) | to shake the foundations of religion |
religione obstrictos habere multitudinis animos (Liv. 6. 1. 10) | to have power over the people by trading on their religious scruples |
religionem alicui afferre, inicere, incutere | to inspire some one with religious scruples |
aliquid religioni habere or in religionem vertere | to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing |
aliquid in religionem alicui venit | to make a thing a matter of conscience, be scrupulous about a thing |
nulla religio | absence of scruples, unconscientiousness |
religionem externam suscipere | to embrace a strange religion |
novas religiones instituere | to introduce a new religion, a new cult |
bellum pro religionibus susceptum | a religious war |
violatas caerimonias inexpiabili religione sancire (Tusc. 1. 12. 27) | to invoke an irrevocable curse on the profanation of sacred rites |
iusiurandum dare alicui | to swear an oath to a person |
ex animi mei sententia iuro | I swear on my conscience |
iureiurando aliquem astringere | to bind some one by an oath |
iureiurando aliquem adigere | to make some one take an oath |
iureiurando ac fide se obstringere, ut | to promise an oath to.. |
iureiurando teneri (Off. 3. 27. 100) | to be bound by oath |
iusiurandum (religionem) servare, conservare | to keep one's oath |
periurium facere; peierare | to commit perjury, perjure oneself |
iusiurandum violare | to break one's oath |
opinio dei | belief in god |
deum esse credimus | we believe in the existence of a God |
deos esse negare | to deny the existence of the gods |
insitas (innatas) dei cognitiones habere (N. D. 1. 17. 44) | to have innate ideas of the Godhead; to believe in the Deity by intuition |
omnibus innatum est et in animo quasi insculptum esse deum | belief in God is part of every one's nature |
natura in omnium animis notionem dei impressit (N. D. 1. 16. 43) | Nature has implanted in all men the idea of a God |
impietas | unbelief |
qui deum esse negat | an atheist |
superstitio mentes occupavit (Verr. 4. 51. 113) | superstition has taken possession of their souls |
superstitione imbutum esse | to be tinged with superstition |
superstitione teneri, constrictum esse, obligatum esse | to be the slave of superstition |
superstitionem funditus tollere | to absolutely annihilate superstition |
superstitionem radicitus or penitus evellere | to destroy superstition root and branch |
formidines | superstitious fears; phantoms |
precari aliquid a deo | to pray to God |
precari deum, deos | to pray to God |
supplicare deo (Sall. Iug. 63. 1) | to pray to God |
adhibere deo preces | to pray to God |
praeire verba (carmen) (Liv. 31. 17) | to read prayers for the congregation to repeat |
(supinas) manus ad caelum tendere | to raise the hands to heaven (attitude of prayer) |
favete ore, linguis = εὐφημειτε | maintain a devout silence (properly, utter no ill-omened word) |
preces facere | to pray |
grates, laudes agere dis immortalibus | to thank, glorify the immortal gods |
testari deos (Sull. 31. 86) | to call the gods to witness |
contestari deos hominesque | to call gods and men to witness |
dis bene iuvantibus (Fam. 7. 20. 2) | with the help of the gods |
quod deus bene vertat! | and may God grant success! |
quod di immortales omen avertant! (Phil. 44. 11) | and may heaven avert the omen! heaven preserve us from this! |
quod abominor! (procul absit!) | God forbid! |
di prohibeant, di meliora! | heaven forfend! |
quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102) | may heaven's blessing rest on it |
precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem | to bless (curse) a person |
vota facere, nuncupare, suscipere, concipere | to make a vow |
vota solvere, persolvere, reddere | to accomplish, pay a vow |
voti damnari, compotem fieri | to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish |
sacra, sacrificium facere (ἱερὰ ῥέζειν), sacrificare | to sacrifice |
rem divinam facere (dis) | to sacrifice |
ture et odoribus incensis | with incense and perfumes |
rebus divinis (rite) perpetratis | after having performed the sacrifice (with due ritual) |
sacrificium statum (solemne) (Tusc. 1. 47. 113) | a periodically recurring (annual) sacrifice |
sacra polluere et violare | to profane sacred rites |
victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare | to slaughter victims |
deos placare (B. G. 6. 15) | to appease the anger of the gods |
manes expiare (Pis. 7. 16) | to appease the manes, make sacrifice for departed souls |
pro victimis homines immolare | to sacrifice human victims |
parentare (Leg. 2. 21. 54) | to make a sacrifice on the tomb of one's ancestors |
libare | to offer libations |
diem festum agere (of an individual) | to keep, celebrate a festival |
diem festum celebrare (of a larger number) | to keep, celebrate a festival |
supplicationem indicere ad omnia pulvinaria (Liv. 27. 4) | to proclaim a public thanksgiving at all the street-shrines of the gods |
supplicationem quindecim dierum decernere (Phil. 14. 14. 37) | to decree a public thanksgiving for fifteen days |
supplicationem habere (Liv. 22. 1. 15) | to celebrate a festival of thanksgiving |
lectisternium facere, habere (Liv. 22. 1. 18) | to hold a lectisternium |
oraculum consulere | to consult an oracle |
oraculum petere (ab aliquo) | to ask for an oracular response |
mittere Delphos consultum | to send and consult the oracle at Delphi |
oraculum dare, edere | to give an oracular response |
responsum dare (vid. sect. VIII. 5, note Note to answer...), respondere | to give an oracular response |
oraculum Pythium (Pythicum) | an oracle given by the Delphian Apollo (Apollo Pythius) |
vox Pythia (Pythica) (Liv. 1. 56) | an oracle given by the Delphian Apollo (Apollo Pythius) |
prodigia procurare (Liv. 22. 1) | to avert by expiatory sacrifices the effect of ominous portents |
libros Sibyllinos adire, consulere, inspicere | to consult the Sibylline books |
augurium agere, auspicari (N. D. 2. 4. 11) | to take the auspices, observe the flight of birds |
de caelo servare (Att. 4. 3. 3) | to observe the sky (i.e. the flight of birds, lightning, thunder, etc.) |
aves (alites, oscines) addīcunt alicui (opp. abdicunt aliquid) | the omens are favourable to some one |
augures obnuntiant (consuli) (Phil. 2. 33. 83) | the augurs announce an unfavourable sign |
auspicato (rem gerere, urbem condere) | after having duly taken the auspices |
omen accipere (opp. improbare) | to accept as a happy omen |
accipere, vertere aliquid in omen | to interpret something as an omen |
faustis ominibus | with favourable omens |
omen infaustum, triste | an evil omen; presage of ill |
domus necessariis rebus instructa | a comfortably-furnished house |
domus ruina impendet | the house threatens to fall in (vid. sect. X. 5, note "Threaten"...) |
domus collapsura, corruitura (esse) videtur | the house threatens to fall in (vid. sect. X. 5, note "Threaten"...) |
domus subita ruina collapsa est | the house suddenly fell in ruins |
domum demoliri (Top. 4. 22) | to demolish, raze a house |
domus non omnes capit (χωρειν) | the house is not large enough for all |
domum frequentare (Sall. Cat. 14. 7) | to be a regular visitor at a house |
domus rimas agit | the house walls are beginning to crack |
apud eum sic fui tamquam domi meae (Fam. 13. 69) | I felt quite at home in his house |
apud aliquem esse | to be at some one's house |
tectum subire | to enter the house |
tecto, (in) domum suam aliquem recipere (opp. prohibere aliquem tecto, domo) | to welcome to one's house (opp. to shut one's door against some one) |
domo pedem non efferre | to never set foot out of doors |
pedem limine efferre | to cross the threshold |
foras exire (Plaut. Amph. 1. 2. 35) | to go out of the house |
foras mittere aliquem | to turn some one out of the house |
in publico | in the streets |
in publicum prodire (Verr. 2. 1. 31) | to show oneself in the streets, in public |
publico carere, se abstinere | to never appear in public |
domi se tenere | to never appear in public |
deducere aliquem de domo | to escort a person from his house |
pro aris et focis pugnare, certare, dimicare | to fight for hearth and home |
domi (opp. foris) | at home; in one's native country |
ostium, fores pulsare | to knock at the door |
ostium, fores aperire, claudere | to open, shut the door |
fores obserare | to bolt the door |
ianuam effringere, revellere | to burst open the door |
valvas (portam) obstruere | to barricade a door (a city-gate) |
rem domesticam, familiarem administrare, regere, curare | to keep house |
rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse | to possess means, to be well off |
opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare | to be very rich |
rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a) | to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill |
rem familiarem tueri | to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill |
rem familiarem neglegere | to neglect, mismanage one's household matters |
diligentem, frugi esse | to be economical |
diligens paterfamilias | a careful master of the house |
frugi (opp. nequam) servus | a good, useful slave |
severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37) | to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household |
in possessionem alicuius rei venire | to come into the possession of something |
in possessionem alicuius rei invadere | to take forcible possession of a thing |
expellere aliquem domo, possessionibus pellere | to turn a person out of his house, his property |
demovere, deicere aliquem de possessione | to dispossess a person |
exturbare aliquem omnibus fortunis, e possessionibus | to drive a person out of house and home |
evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis | to drive a person out of house and home |
possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui (Mil. 27. 75) | to give up a thing to some one else |
res, quae moveri possunt; res moventes (Liv. 5. 25. 6) | movable, personal property |
fundi | property in land; real property |
habitare in domo alicuius, apud aliquem (Acad. 2. 36. 115) | to live in some one's house |
domicilium (sedem ac domicilium) habere in aliquo loco | to dwell in a certain place |
sedem collocare alicubi (Rep. 2. 19. 34) | to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere |
sedem ac domicilium (fortunas suas) constituere alicubi | to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere |
considere alicubi (Att. 5. 14. 1) | to take up one's abode in a place, settle down somewhere |
multitudinem in agris collocare | to settle a large number of people in a country |
domo emigrare (B. G. 1. 31) | to emigrate |
domo profugus (Liv. 1. 1) | homeless |
induere vestem (without sibi) | to dress oneself |
vestem mutare (opp. ad vestitum suum redire) (Planc. 12. 29) | to go into mourning |
vestimenta (et calceos) mutare | to change one's clothes (and shoes) |
vestitus obsoletus, tritus | cast-off clothing |
vestis stragula or simply vestis | drapery |
togatus, palliatus | with a toga, cloak on |
pannis obsitus | in rags |
paludatus, sagatus | in a military cloak (paludamentum, of a general; sagum, of soldiers) |
togam virilem (puram) sumere | to assume the toga virilis |
vestem ponere (exuere) | to undress |
cibum sumere, capere | to take food |
cibum concoquere, conficere | to digest food |
multi cibi esse, edacem esse | to be a great eater |
cibum apponere, ponere alicui | to set food before a person |
corpus curare (cibo, vino, somno) | to refresh oneself, minister to one's bodily wants |
ventri deditum esse | to be the slave of one's appetite |
cibo se abstinere | to abstain from all nourishment |
ieiunium servare | to fast |
tantum cibi et potionis adhibere quantum satis est | to take only enough food to support life |
cibus delicatus | delicacies |
panis cibarius | ordinary bread |
vino deditum esse, indulgere | to be given to drink |
potare | to drink to excess; to be a drunkard |
alicui bibere dare | to give some one to drink |
alicui bibere ministrare | to serve some one with drink |
propīno tibi hoc (poculum, salutem) | I drink your health |
bene tibi or te! | your health! |
inter pocula | whilst drinking; at table |
exhaurire poculum | to empty a cup at a draught |
victus cotidianus | daily bread |
victus tenuis (Fin. 2. 28. 90) | meagre diet |
res ad vitam necessariae | the necessaries of life |
quae ad victum pertinent | the necessaries of life |
res ad victum cultumque necessariae | things indispensable to a life of comfort |
vitae commoditas iucunditasque | comfort |
omnes ad vitam copias suppeditare alicui | to provide some one with a livelihood |
quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12) | a livelihood |
copiae cotidianis sumptibus suppetunt (vid. sect. IV. 2, note suppeditare...) | his means suffice to defray daily expenses |
victum aliqua re quaerere | to earn a livelihood by something |
vivere carne, piscibus, rapto (Liv. 7. 25) | to live on meat, fish, by plunder |
de suo (opp. alieno) vivere | to live on one's means |
vitam (inopem) tolerare (B. G. 7. 77) | to endure a life of privation |
non habeo, qui (unde) vivam | I have no means, no livelihood |
laute vivere (Nep. Chab. 3. 2) | to live well |
sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid | to spend money on an object |
sumptus effusi (vid. sect. IX. 2, note Cf. effusa fuga...) or profusi | prodigal expenditure |
sumptui parcere (Fam. 16. 4) | to incur few expenses |
sumptibus modum statuere | to limit one's expenditure |
sumptum minuere | to retrench |
sumptus perpetui (Off. 2. 12. 42) | current expenses |
sumptus liberales (Off. 2. 12. 42) | munificence |
delicate ac molliter vivere | to live a luxurious and effeminate life |
luxuria diffluere (Off. 1. 30. 106) | to be abandoned to a life of excess |
omnium rerum copia diffluere | to be abandoned to a life of excess |
in luxuriam effundi | to plunge into excesses, a career of excess |
effundere, profundere pecuniam, patrimonium | to squander one's money, one's patrimony |
dissipare rem familiarem (suam) | to squander all one's property |
lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164) | to squander all one's property |
convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide) | to prepare, give a feast, dinner |
mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tusc. 5. 21. 62) | to load the tables with the most exquisite viands |
mensae exstructae | a table bountifully spread |
caput cenae (Fin. 2. 8. 25) | the main dish |
secunda mensa (Att. 14. 6. 2) | the dessert |
ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.) | from beginning to end |
aliquem vocare, invitare ad cenam | to invite some one to dinner |
promittere (ad cenam) (Off. 3. 14. 58) | to accept an invitiation to dinner |
inter cenam, inter epulas | during dinner; at table |
promittere ad aliquem | to promise to dine with a person |
condicere alicui (ad cenam) | to invite oneself to some one's house for dinner |
adhibere aliquem cenae or ad cenam, convivio or in convivium | to welcome some one to one's table |
cenam alicui apponere | to set a repast before a person |
convivia tempestiva (Arch. 6. 13) | a repast which begins in good time |
accipere aliquem (bene, copiose, laute, eleganter, regio apparatu, apparatis epulis) | to entertain, regale a person |
deverti ad aliquem (ad \[in\] villam) | to go to a man's house as his guest |
deversari apud aliquem (Att. 6. 1. 25) | to stop with a person, be his guest for a short time when travelling |
mihi cum illo hospitium est, intercedit | my relations with him are most hospitable |
hospitio alicuius uti | to enjoy a person's hospitality |
hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere | to become a friend and guest of a person |
hospitio aliquem accipere or excipere (domum ad se) | to welcome a man as a guest in one's house |
hospitium renuntiare (Liv. 25. 18) | to sever (previous) hospitable relations |
domus patet, aperta est mihi | I am always welcome at his house |
invitare aliquem tecto ac domo or domum suam (Liv. 3. 14. 5) | to invite some one to one's house |
vitae societas | social life |
facilitas, faciles mores (De Am. 3. 11) | a sociable, affable disposition |
societatem inire, facere cum aliquo | to associate with some one |
dissipatos homines in (ad) societatem vitae convocare (Tusc. 1. 25. 62) | to unite isolated individuals into a society |
socium se adiungere alicui | to attach oneself to a person's society |
aliquem socium admittere | to admit a person into one's society |
assiduum esse cum aliquo | to be always in some one's company |
uti aliquo (familiariter) | to be on intimate terms with some one |
alicuius familiaritate uti | to be on intimate terms with some one |
usu, familiaritate, consuetudine coniunctum esse cum aliquo | to be on friendly terms with a person |
est mihi consuetudo, or usus cum aliquo | to be on friendly terms with a person |
vivere cum aliquo | to be on friendly terms with a person |
vetus usus inter nos intercedit | we have known each other well for several years |
devincire aliquem consuetudine | to attach a person to oneself |
se dare in consuetudinem alicuius | to devote oneself to a person's society |
se insinuare in consuetudinem alicuius (Fam. 4. 13. 6) | to insinuate oneself into a person's society |
summa necessitudine aliquem contingere | to stand in very intimate relations to some one |
in simultate cum aliquo sum | relations are strained between us |
hominum coetus, congressus fugere | to shun society |
in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65) | to live in solitude |
secum vivere | to live to oneself |
vitam solitariam agere | to live a lonely life |
sermonem conferre, instituere, ordiri cum aliquo | to enter into conversation with some one |
se dare in sermonem cum aliquo | to enter into conversation with some one |
sermonem inferre de aliqua re | to turn the conversation on to a certain subject |
in eum sermonem incidere, qui tum fere multis erat in ore | to talk of a subject which was then the common topic of conversation |
sermo incidit de aliqua re | the conversation turned on.. |
in sermonem ingredi | to begin a conversation |
sermo ortus est ab aliqua re | the conversation began with.. |
sermonem alio transferre | to turn the conversation to another topic |
medium sermonem abrumpere (Verg. Aen. 4. 388) | to break off in the middle of the conversation |
sermonem producere in multam noctem (Rep. 6. 10. 10) | to prolong a conversation far into the night |
sermonem habere cum aliquo de aliqua re (De Am. 1. 3) | to converse, talk with a person on a subject |
hinc sermo ductus est | the conversation began in this way |
sermo inductus a tali exordio | the conversation began in this way |
multus sermo | a long conversation |
narratio, fabula | a narrative, tale, story |
narratiuncula, fabella (Fin. 5. 15) | an anecdote |
haec fabula docet | this fable teaches us (without nos) |
convenire aliquem | to meet a person (accidentally or intentionally) and talk with him |
congredi cum aliquo | to meet a person by arrangement, interview him |
sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui | to give audience to some one |
colloquendi copiam facere, dare | to give audience to some one |
conveniendi aditum dare alicui | to give audience to some one |
aditum conveniendi or colloquium petere | to ask a hearing, audience, interview |
(ad colloquium) admitti (B. C. 3. 57) | to obtain an audience of some one |
in congressum alicuius venire | to obtain an audience of some one |
velle aliquem (Plaut. Capt. 5. 2. 24) | to wish to speak to some one |
paucis te volo | a word with you |
tribus verbis te volo | a word with you |
sermo cotidianus, or simply sermo | conversational language |
coram loqui (cum aliquo) | to speak personally to.. |
commercium loquendi et audiendi | interchange of ideas; conversation |
capita conferre (Liv. 2. 45) | to put our heads together |
remotis arbitris or secreto | in private; tête-à-tête |
intra parietes (Brut. 8. 32) | within four walls |
salutem alicui dicere, impertire, nuntiare | to greet a person |
aliquem salvere iubere (Att. 4. 14) | to greet a person |
quid agis? | how are you? |
quid agitur? quid fit? | what is going on? how are you getting on? |
Cicero Attico S.D.P. (salutem dicit plurimam) | Cicero sends cordial greetings to Atticus |
tibi plurimam salutem | my best wishes for your welfare |
nuntia fratri tuo salutem verbis meis (Fam. 7. 14) | remember me to your brother |
adscribere alicui salutem (Att. 5. 20. 9) | to add to one's letter good wishes to some one |
salute data (accepta) redditaque | after mutual greeting |
inter se consalutare (De Or. 2. 3. 13) | to exchange greetings |
dextram alicui porrigere, dare | to give one's right hand to some one |
dextram iungere cum aliquo, dextras inter se iungere | to shake hands with a person |
te valere iubeo | I bid you good-bye, take my leave |
vale or cura ut valeas | good-bye; farewell |
bene ambula et redambula | a safe journey to you |
gratulari alicui aliquid or de aliqua re | to congratulate a person on something |
filiam alicui despondere | to betroth one's daughter to some one |
sibi (aliquam) despondere (of the man) | to betroth oneself, get engaged |
nuptias conciliare (Nep. Att. 5. 3) | to arrange a marriage |
nuptias parare | to make preparations for a marriage |
condicio (uxoria) (Phil. 2. 38. 99) | a match |
ducere uxorem | to marry (of the man) |
ducere aliquam in matrimonium | to marry (of the man) |
nubere alicui | to marry (of the woman) |
nuptam esse cum aliquo or alicui | to be married to some one |
uxorem habere (Verr. 3. 33. 76) | to be a married man |
dotem filiae dare | to give a dowry to one's daughter |
filiam alicui in matrimonio or in matrimonium collocare or simply filiam alicui collocare | to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one |
filiam alicui in matrimonium dare | to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one |
filiam alicui nuptum dare | to give one's daughter in marriage to some-one |
nuntium remittere alicui (De Or. 1. 40) | to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman) |
repudium dicere or scribere alicui | to separate, be divorced (used of man or woman) |
divortium facere cum uxore | to separate from, divorce (of the man) |
aliquam suas res sibi habere iubere (Phil. 2. 28. 69) | to separate from, divorce (of the man) |
repudium remittere viro (Dig. 24. 3) | to separate (of the woman) |
testamentum facere, conscribere | to make a will |
testamentum obsignare (B. G. 1. 39) | to sign a will |
testamentum resignare | to open a will |
testamentum rescindere | to declare a will to be null and void |
testamentum subicere, supponere | to produce a false will |
testamentum irritum facere, rumpere | to annul, revoke a will |
testamento aliquid cavere (Fin. 2. 31) | to prescribe in one's will |
pecuniam alicui legare | to leave money to a person in one's will |
aliquem heredem testamento scribere, facere | to appoint some one as heir in one's will |
alicuius mortui voluntas (suprema) | the last wishes of a deceased person |
heredem esse alicui | to be some one's heir |
hereditate aliquid accipere | to inherit something |
exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175) | disinherited |
exheredari a patre | to be disinherited |
hereditate aliquid relictum est ab aliquo | something has been left as a legacy by some one |
hereditas ad me or mihi venit ab aliquo (Verr. 2. 1. 10) | I have received a legacy from a person |
hereditatem adire, cernere | to take possession of an inheritance |
heres ex asse, ex dodrante | sole heir; heir to three-quarters of the estate |
heres ex besse | heir to two-thirds of the property |
assuefactus or assuetus aliqua re | accustomed to a thing |
in consuetudinem or morem venire | to become customary, the fashion |
in nostros mores inducere aliquid (De Or. 2. 28) | to introduce a thing into our customs; to familiarise us with a thing |
consuetudinem suam tenere, retinere,[TR1] servare | to keep up a usage |
consuetudo inveterascit (B. G. 5. 41. 5) | a custom is taking root, growing up |
res obsolescit | a thing is going out of use, becoming obsolete |
a vetere consuetudine discedere | to give up old customs |
a pristina consuetudine deflectere | to give up old customs |
in pristinam consuetudinem revocare aliquid | to return to ancient usage |
aliquid est meae consuetudinis | it is my custom |
aliquid cadit in meam consuetudinem | it is my custom |
mos (moris) est, ut (Brut. 21. 84) | it is customary to.. |
more, usu receptum est | it is traditional usage |
ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit | as usually happens |
ut solet, ut fieri solet | as usually happens |
ita fert consuetudo | so custom, fashion prescribes |
ex consuetudine mea (opp. praeter consuetudinem) | according to my custom |
more institutoque maiorum (Mur. 1. 1) | according to the custom and tradition of my fathers |
ex instituto (Liv. 6. 10. 6) | according to traditional usage |
negotiatores (Verr. 2. 69. 168) | business-men |
homines negotii (always in sing.) gerentes | business-men |
negotii bene gerentes (Quint. 19. 62) | good men of business |
negotium obire or exsequi | to be engaged upon a transaction, carry it out |
negotium (rem) conficere, absolvere | to settle, finish a transaction |
mercaturam facere | to be engaged in commerce, wholesale business |
negotia habere (in Sicilia) | to have commercial interests in Sicily |
contrahere rem or negotium cum aliquo (Cluent. 14. 41) | to have business relations with some one |
transigere aliquid (de aliqua re) cum aliquo or inter se | to transact, settle a matter with some one |
nihil cum aliquo contrahere | to do no business with a man |
quaestum facere (Fam. 15. 14) | to make money |
quaestui aliquid habere (Off. 2. 3. 13) | to make a profit out of something |
res, quae importantur et exportantur | imports and exports |
exponere, proponere merces (venales) | to set out goods for sale |
parvo, vili pretio or bene emere | to buy cheaply |
magno or male emere | to buy dearly |
aliquid magno, parvo stat, constat | a thing costs much, little |
aliquid nihilo or gratis constat | a thing costs nothing |
pretium alicui rei statuere, constituere (Att. 13. 22) | to fix a price for a thing |
pecunia magna, grandis (multum pecuniae) | much money |
pecunia exigua or tenuis | little money |
pecunia praesens (vid. sect. V. 9, note Notice too...) or numerata | cash; ready money |
aes (argentum) signatum | coined money; bullion |
argentum (factum) (Verr. 5. 25. 63) | silver plate |
nummi adulterini | bad money; base coin |
pecuniam erogare (in classem) | to spend money |
pecuniam insumere in aliquid or consumere in aliqua re | to devote money to a purpose |
pecuniam numerare alicui (Att. 16. 16) | to pay cash |
pecuniam solvere | to pay money |
pecuniam alicui debere | to owe some one money |
pecuniam alicui credere (sine fenore, usuris) | to lend some one money (without interest) |
pecuniam fenori (fenore) alicui dare, accipere ab aliquo | to lend, borrow money at interest |
pecuniam fenore occupare (Flacc. 21. 54) | to put out money at interest |
pecuniam collocare in aliqua re | to put money in an undertaking |
pecunia iacet otiosa | the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle |
pecuniam mutuari or sumere mutuam ab aliquo | to borrow money from some one |
pecuniam alicui mutuam dare | to lend money to some one |
pecuniam creditam solvere | to repay a loan |
non solvendo esse (Phil. 2. 2. 4) | to be bankrupt |
pecuniam exigere (acerbe) | to demand payment |
magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere | to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines) |
nummus iactatur (Off. 3. 20. 80) | the bank-rate varies |
versuram facere (Att. 5. 21. 12) | to transfer a debt |
nummulis acceptis (Att. 1. 16. 6) | for a trifle, a beggarly pittance |
res nummaria or pecuniaria | finance; money-matters |
ratio pecuniarum | finance; money-matters |
argentariam facere (Verr. 5. 59. 155) | to be a banker |
argentariam dissolvere (Caecin. 4. 11) | to close one's bank, give up banking |
codex or tabulae ratio accepti et expensi | account-book; ledger |
nomina facere or in tabulas referre | to book a debt |
pecunia in nominibus est | money is outstanding, unpaid |
pecuniam in nominibus habeo | I have money owing me |
alicui expensum ferre aliquid | to put a thing down to a man's account |
alicui acceptum referre aliquid (Verr. 2. 70. 170) | to put down to a man's credit |
rationem alicuius rei inire, subducere | to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing |
ad calculos vocare aliquid (Amic. 16. 58) | to go through accounts, make a valuation of a thing |
inita subductaque ratione aliquid facere | to do something after careful calculation |
rationes putare cum aliquo | to balance accounts with some one |
ratio alicuius rei constat (convenit, par est) | the accounts balance |
ratio acceptorum et datorum (accepti et expensi) (Amic. 16. 58) | the account of receipts and expenditure |
rationem diligenter conficere | to keep the accounts (day-book) carefully |
summam facere alicuius rei | to compute the total of anything |
de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid | to subtract something from the capital |
rationem alicuius rei reddere | to render count of a matter; to pass it for audit |
rationem alicuius rei reposcere aliquem or ab aliquo | to demand an account, an audit of a matter |
rationem ab aliquo reptere de aliqua re (Cluent. 37. 104) | to demand an account, an audit of a matter |
centesimae (sc. usurae) (Att. 5. 21. 11) | interest at 1 per cent per month, 12 per cent per annum |
binis centesimis fenerari | to lend at 24 per cent.[TR1] |
ternae centesimae | 36 per cent per annum |
quaternas centesimas postulare (Att. 5. 21. 11) | to demand 48 per cent |
semisses | 6 per cent (i.e. if for 100 denarii, asses, one pays half a denarius, half an as per month) |
semissibus magna copia est | money is plentiful at 6 per cent |
usurae semissium (Colum.) | 6 per cent |
usurae semisses (Jurists) | 6 per cent |
quadrantes usurae | 3 per cent (a quarter of centesima) |
trientes or trientariae usurae (Att. 4. 15) | 4 per cent |
quincunx (Pers. 5. 149) | 5 per cent |
quincunces usurae | 5 per cent |
fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7) | the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent |
perpetuum fenus (Att. 5. 21. 13) | simple interests |
fenus renovatum | compound interest |
anatocismus (ἀνατοκισμός) (Att. 5. 21. 11) | compound interest |
fenus iniquissimum, grande, grave | exorbitant rate of interest |
usura menstrua | monthly interest |
centesimis cum anatocismo contentum esse (Att. 5. 21. 12) | to be content with 12 per cent at compound interest |
lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re | to make profit out of a thing |
in lucro ponere aliquid (Flacc. 17. 40) | to consider a thing as profit |
debitor, or is qui debet | the debtor |
creditor, or is cui debeo | the creditor |
fides et ratio pecuniarum | credit and financial position |
fides (vid. sect. IX. 10, note fides has six...) concidit | credit is going down |
fidem derogare alicui | to rob a person of his credit |
fides aliquem deficere coepit | a man's credit begins to go down |
fides (de foro) sublata est (Leg. Agr. 2. 3. 8) | credit has disappeared |
fides tota Italia est angusta | credit is low throughout Italy |
fidem moliri (Liv. 6. 11. 8) | to shake credit |
laborare de pecunia | to have pecuniary difficulties |
in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69) | to be in severe pecuniary straits |
in maximas angustias (pecuniae) adduci | to be reduced to extreme financial embarrassment |
aes alienum (always in sing.) facere, contrahere | to incur debts |
grande, magnum (opp. exiguum) aes alienum conflare | to incur debts on a large scale |
incidere in aes alienum | to get into debt |
aes alienum habere | to be in debt |
in aere alieno esse | to be in debt |
in suis nummis versari (Verr. 4. 6. 11) | to have no debts |
aere alieno obrutum, demersum esse | to be deeply in debt |
aere alieno oppressum esse | to have pressing debts |
aes alienum dissolvere, exsolvere | to pay one's debts |
nomina (cf. sect. XIII. 3) solvere, dissolvere, exsolvere | to pay one's debts |
nomina exigere (Verr. 3. 10. 28) | to demand payment of, recover debts |
ex aere alieno exire | to get out of debt |
aere alieno liberari | to get out of debt |
versurā solvere, dissolvere (Att. 5. 15. 2) | to pay one's old debts by making new |
opus locare | to contract for the building of something |
opus redimere, conducere | to undertake the contract for a work |
domum aedificandam locare, conducere | to give, undertake a contract for building a house |
aedificatorem esse (Nep. Att. 13. 1) | to be fond of building |
exstruere aedificium, monumentum | to erect a building, a monument |
fundamenta iacere, agere | to lay the foundations |
turrim excitare, erigere, facere | to build a tower |
oppidum constituere, condere | to build, found a city |
pontem facere in flumine | to build a bridge over a river |
inicere pontem | to build a bridge over a river |
flumen ponte iungere | to build a bridge over a river |
pons est in flumine | there is a bridge over the river |
pontem dissolvere, rescindere, interscindere (B. G. 2. 9. 4) | to break down a bridge |
luminibus alicuius obstruere, officere | to obstruct a person's view, shut out his light by building |
agrum colere (Leg. Agr. 2. 25. 67) | to till the ground |
agros fertiles deserere | to leave fertile ground untilled |
agriculturae studere (opp. agriculturam deserere) | to have a taste for agriculture |
opus rusticum | tillage; cultivation |
in agris esse, habitare | to live in the country |
serere; semen spargere | to sow |
sementem facere (B. G. 1. 3. 1) | to look after the sowing |
ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65) | as you sow, so will you reap |
laetae segetes | the laughing cornfields |
laetissimi flores (Verr. 4. 48. 107) | a glorious expanse of flowers |
odores, qui efflantur e floribus | the perfume exhaled by flowers |
messis in herbis est (Liv. 25. 15) | the crop is in the blade |
adhuc tua messis in herba est (proverb.) | your crop is still green, i.e. you are still far from your ambition |
frumenta in agris matura non sunt (B. G. 1. 16. 2) | the corn is not yet ripe |
messem facere | to reap |
fructus demetere or percipere | to reap |
fructus condere (N. D. 2. 62. 156) | to harvest crops |
messis opīma (opp. ingrata) | a good harvest |
arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24) | to plant trees |
arbores caedere | to fell trees |
inopia (opp. copia) rei frumentariae | want of corn; scarcity in the corn-market |
difficultas annonae (Imp. Pomp. 15. 44) | want of corn; scarcity in the corn-market |
annona ingravescit, crescit | the price of corn is going up |
annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit | the price of corn is going down |
caritas annonae (opp. vilitas), also simply annona | dearth of corn; high prices |
ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat | corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel |
annona cara est | corn is dear |
hac annona (Plaut. Trin. 2. 4. 83) | when corn is as dear as it is |
rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1) | to rear stock |
pastum agere | to drive to pasture |
pastum ire | to go to pasture |
pascere gregem | to feed a flock (of goats) |
greges pascuntur (Verg. G. 3. 162) | the herds are grazing |
alere equos, canes | to keep horses, dogs |
animalia quae nobiscum degunt (Plin. 8. 40) | domestic animals |
forma rei publicae | the constitution |
descriptio civitatis | the constitution |
instituta et leges | the constitution |
rem publicam constituere | to give the state a constitution |
rem publicam legibus et institutis temperare (Tusc. 1. 1. 2) | to give the state a constitution |
civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere | to give the state a constitution |
suis legibus utitur (B. G. 1. 45. 3) | (a state) has its own laws, is autonomous |
nullam habere rem publicam | to have no constitution, be in anarchy |
rem publicam in pristinum statum restituere | to restore the ancient constitution |
optima re publica | at the time of a most satisfactory government |
libera res publica, liber populus | the Republic |
rem publicam gerere, administrare, regere, tractare, gubernare | to govern, administer the state |
rei publicae praeesse | to have the management of the state |
ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere | to hold the reins of government |
clavum rei publicae tenere | to hold the reins of government |
gubernacula rei publicae tractare | to hold the reins of government |
principem civitatis esse | to be the chief man in the state |
principem in re publica locum obtinere | to hold the first position in the state |
negotia publica (Off. 1. 20. 69) | public affairs |
vita occupata (vid. sect. VII. 2) | the busy life of a statesman |
accedere, se conferre ad rem publicam | to devote oneself to politics, a political career |
rem publicam capessere (Off. 1. 21. 71) | to devote oneself to politics, a political career |
in re publica or in rebus publicis versari | to take part in politics |
rei publicae deesse (opp. adesse) | to take no part in politics |
a negotiis publicis se removere | to retire from public life |
a re publica recedere | to retire from public life |
in otium se referre (Fam. 99) | to retire into private life |
vita privata (Senect. 7. 22) | private life |
publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere | to shun publicity |
forensi luce carere | to shun publicity |
rem publicam tueri, stabilire | to defend, strengthen the state |
res publica stat (opp. iacet) | the state is secure |
rem publicam augere, amplificare | to aggrandise, extend the power of the state |
saluti rei publicae non deesse | to further the common weal |
rei publicae causa (Sest. 47. 101) | for political reasons |
e re publica (opp. contra rem p.) | for the advantage of the state; in the interests of the state |
summa res publica (or summa rei publicae) | the welfare of the state |
commoda publica or rei publicae rationes | the interests of the state |
rei publicae rationibus or simply rei publicae consulere | to further the public interests |
ad rei publicae rationes aliquid referre | to consider a thing from a political point of view |
in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2) | to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare |
omnes curas et cogitationes in rem publicam conferre | to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare |
omnes curas in rei publicae salute defigere (Phil. 14. 5. 13) | to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare |
totum et animo et corpore in salutem rei publicae se conferre | to devote oneself body and soul to the good of the state |
bene, optime sentire de re publica | to have the good of the state at heart |
omnia de re publica praeclara atque egregia sentire | to have the good of the state at heart |
rector civitatis (De Or. 1. 48. 211) | the head of the state |
viri rerum civilium, rei publicae gerendae periti or viri in re publica prudentes | statesmen |
auctores consilii publici | statesmen |
principes rem publicam administrantes or simply principes | statesmen |
prudentia (civilis) (De Or. 1. 19. 85) | statesmanship; political wisdom |
homo in re publica exercitatus | an experienced politician |
res civiles | political questions |
plus in re publica videre | to possess great political insight |
longe prospicere futuros casus rei publicae (De Amic. 12. 40) | to foresee political events long before |
alicuius in re publica or capessendae rei publicae consilia eo spectant, ut... | a man's policy is aiming at, directed towards.. |
rei publicae muneribus orbatus | banished from public life |
gerendis negotiis orbatus (Fin. 5. 20. 57) | banished from public life |
civitate donare aliquem (Balb. 3. 7) | to make a man a citizen |
in civitatem recipere, ascribere, asciscere aliquem | to enroll as a citizen, burgess |
civitatem alicui dare, tribuere, impertire | to present a person with the freedom of the city |
civitatem mutare (Balb. 11. 27) | to naturalise oneself as a citizen of another country |
generis antiquitate florere | to be of noble family |
nobilitati favere (Sest. 9. 21) | to be a friend of the aristocracy |
nobilitatis fautorem, studiosum esse | to be a friend of the aristocracy |
homo novus | a parvenu (a man no member of whose family has held curule office) |
ordo senatorius (amplissimus) | the senatorial order |
ordo equester (splendidissimus) | the equestrian order; the knights |
summo loco natus | of high rank |
nobili, honesto, illustri loco or genere natus | of illustrious family |
humili, obscuro loco natus | of humble, obscure origin |
humilibus (obscuris) parentibus natus | of humble, obscure origin |
infimo loco natus | from the lowest classes |
equestri loco natus or ortus | a knight by birth |
summi (et) infimi (Rep. 1. 34. 53) | high and low |
homines omnis generis | people of every rank |
homines omnium ordinum et aetatum | people of every rank and age |
homo plebeius, de plebe | one of the people |
traduci ad plebem (Att. 1. 18. 4) | to get oneself admitted as a plebeian |
transitio ad plebem (Brut. 16. 62) | to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order |
traductio ad plebem | to transfer oneself from the patrician to the plebeian order |
unus de or e multis | one of the crowd; a mere individual |
faex populi, plebis, civitatis | the dregs of the people |
infima fortuna or condicio servorum | a degraded, servile condition |
unus e togatorum numero | an ordinary, average Roman citizen |
dignitatem suam tueri, defendere, retinere, obtinere | to guard, maintain one's dignity |
dignitati suae servire, consulere | to be careful of one's dignity |
aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39) | to elevate to the highest dignity |
principem (primum), secundum locum dignitatis obtinere | to occupy the first, second position in the state |
in altissimo dignitatis gradu collocatum, locatum, positum esse | to occupy a very high position in the state |
aliquem ex altissimo dignitatis gradu praecipitare (Dom. 37. 98) | to depose, bring down a person from his elevated position |
aliquem de dignitatis gradu demovere | to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6) |
aliquem gradu movere, depellere or de gradu (statu) deicere | to overthrow a person (cf. sect. IX. 6) |
dignitatis gradum ascendere | to attain a position of dignity |
ad honores ascendere | to rise, mount to the honours of office |
amplissimos honorum gradus assequi, adipisci | to reach the highest grade of office |
ad summos honores pervenire (cf. also sect. V. 17) | to attain to the highest offices |
vir defunctus honoribus | a man who has held every office (up to the consulship) |
principatum tenere, obtinere | to occupy the leading position |
de principatu deiectus (B. G. 7. 63) | deposed from one's high position |
contendere cum aliquo de principatu (Nep. Arist. 1) | to contend with some one for the pre-eminence |
primas (e.g. sapientiae) alicui deferre, tribuere, concedere | to give the palm, the first place (for wisdom) to some one |
convocare populi concilium and populum ad concilium | to summon an assembly of the people |
contionem advocare (Sall. Iug. 33. 3) | to summon an assembly of the people |
agere cum populo (Leg. 3. 4. 10) | to submit a formal proposition to the people |
concilium indicere, habere, dimittere | to fix the day for, to hold, to dismiss a meeting |
comitia habere | to hold a meeting of the people |
comitia magistratibus creandis | meetings for the election of officers |
comitiis (Abl.) convenire | to meet for elections |
comitiis consulem creari | to be chosen consul at the elections |
suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...) | to vote (in the popular assembly) |
multitudinis suffragiis rem permittere | to leave a matter to be decided by popular vote |
legem, rogationem promulgare (Liv. 33. 46) | to bring a bill before the notice of the people |
legem ferre or simply ferre ad populum, ut... | to propose a law in the popular assembly |
legem suadere (opp. dissuadere) | to support a bill (before the people) |
pro lege dicere | to support a bill (before the people) |
legem rogare or rogare populum (cf. sect. XVI. 4, note Aulus Gellius...) | to formally propose a law to the people |
legem perferre (Liv. 33. 46) | to carry a law (said of the magistrate) |
lex perfertur | a law is adopted |
legem antiquare (opp. accipere, iubere) | to reject a bill |
legem sciscere (Planc. 14. 35) | to vote for a law |
legem iubere | to ratify a law (used of the people) |
legem sancire | to let a bill become law (of the people and senate) |
Solo lege sanxit, ut or ne | Solo ordained by law that.. |
Solonis legibus sanctum erat, ut or ne | the laws of Solon ordained that.. |
legem abrogare (Att. 3. 23. 2) | to replace an old law by a new |
legem tollere (Leg. 2. 12. 31) | to abolish a law |
legi intercedere | to protest against a law (used of the veto, intercessio, of plebeian tribunes) |
legem proponere in publicum | to bring a law before the notice of the people |
edictum proponere (Att. 2. 21. 4) | to publish, post up an edict |
legem in aes incīdere | to engrave a law upon a brazen tablet |
lex rata est (opp. irrita) | a law is valid |
legem ratam esse iubere | to declare a law valid |
a lege discedere | to transgress a law |
salvis legibus (vid. sect. X. 7, note Notice...) | without breaking the law |
lex iubet, vetat (dilucide, planissime) | the law orders, forbids (expressly, distinctly) |
in lege scriptum est, or simply est | the law says.. |
sententia or voluntas legis | the spirit of the law |
leges scribere, facere, condere, constituere (not dare) | to make laws (of a legislator) |
legum scriptor, conditor, inventor | a legislator |
qui leges scribit (not legum lator) | a legislator |
in legem iurare (Sest. 16. 37) | to swear obedience to a law |
lege teneri | to be bound by a law |
legibus solvere | to free from legal obligations |
ea lege, ut | on condition of.. |
aliquid contra legem est | a thing is illegal |
acta rescindere, dissolvere (Phil. 13. 3. 5) | to declare a magistrate's decisions null and void |
in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52) | to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi) |
aura favoris popularis (Liv. 22. 26) | popular favour; popularity |
populi favor, gratia popularis | popular favour; popularity |
aura popularis (Harusp. 18. 43) | popular favour; popularity |
auram popularem captare (Liv. 3. 33) | to court popularity |
gratiam populi quaerere | to court popularity |
aurae popularis homo (Liv. 42. 30) | a popular man |
ventum popularem quendam (in aliqua re) quaerere | to strive to gain popular favour by certain means |
gratiosum esse (opp. invisum esse) | to be popular, influential |
opibus, gratia, auctoritate valere, florere | to have great influence |
opes, gratiam, potentiam consequi | to acquire influence |
gratiam inire apud aliquem, ab aliquo (cf. sect. V. 12) | to gain some one's favour |
crescere ex aliquo | to raise oneself by another's fall |
crescere ex invidia senatoria | to profit by the unpopularity of the senate to gain influence oneself |
iacēre (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...) | to be politically annihilated |
existimatio populi, hominum | public opinion |
multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere | to be always considering what people think |
invidia | unpopularity |
offensio populi, popularis | unpopularity |
offensa populi voluntas | unpopularity |
invidia dictatoria (Liv. 22. 26) | the feeling against the dictator |
ex invidia alicuius auram popularem petere (Liv. 22. 26) | to use some one's unpopularity as a means of making oneself popular |
partes (usually of plebeians) | a party; faction |
factio (of aristocrats) | a party; faction |
partium studium, also simply studia | party-spirit |
partium studiosum esse | to be a strong partisan |
certamen partium | party-strife |
contentio partium (Phil. 5. 12. 32) | party-strife |
partium studiis divisum esse | to be torn by faction |
consiliorum in re publica socius | a political ally |
alicuius partes (causam) or simply aliquem sequi | to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of.. |
alicuius partibus studere | to embrace the cause of..., be a partisan of.. |
ab (cum) aliquo stare (Brut. 79. 273) | to be on a person's side (not ab alicuius partibus) |
alicuius studiosum esse | to be a follower of some one |
cum aliquo facere (Sull. 13. 36) | to take some one's side |
nullius or neutrius (of two) partis esse | to be neutral |
in neutris partibus esse | to be neutral |
neutram partem sequi | to be neutral |
medium esse | to be neutral |
medium se gerere | to be neutral |
a partibus rei publicae animus liber (Sall. Cat. 4. 2) | an independent spirit |
idem de re publica sentire | to have the same political opinions |
ab aliquo in re publica dissentire | to hold different views in politics |
ex rei publicae dissensione | owing to political dissension |
in duas partes discedere (Sall. Iug. 13. 1) | to divide into two factions |
studio ad rem publicam ferri | to throw oneself heart and soul into politics |
se civilibus fluctibus committere | to enter the whirlpool of political strife |
imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium | monarchy |
optimatium dominatus | aristocracy (as a form of government) |
civitas, quae optimatium arbitrio regitur | aristocracy (as a form of government) |
boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt | the aristocracy (as a party in politics) |
principes or primores | the aristocracy (as a leading class in government) |
nobiles; nobilitas; qui nobilitate generis excellunt | the aristocracy (as a social class) |
paucorum dominatio or potentia | oligarchy |
multitudinis dominatus or imperium | government by the mob |
spiritus patricii (Liv. 4. 42) | patrician arrogance; pride of caste |
homines graves (opp. leves) | men of sound opinions |
homo popularis | a democrat |
homo vere popularis (Catil. 4. 5. 9) | a man who genuinely wishes the people's good |
homo florens in populari ratione | a democratic leader |
imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis | democracy |
causam popularem suscipere or defendere | to take up the cause of the people, democratic principles |
populi causam agere | to be a leading spirit of the popular cause |
patriae amantem (amantissimum) esse (Att. 9. 22) | to be (very) patriotic |
mundanus, mundi civis et incola (Tusc. 5. 37) | a citizen of the world; cosmopolitan |
plebis dux, vulgi turbator, civis turbulentus, civis rerum novarum cupidus | a demagogue, agitator |
iactatio, concitatio popularis | popular agitation |
artes populares | tricks of a demagogue |
populariter agere | to play the demagogue |
conversio rei publicae (Div. 2. 2. 6) | revolution |
homines seditiosi, turbulenti or novarum rerum cupidi | revolutionists |
novis rebus studere | to hold revolutionary opinions |
novarum rerum cupidum esse | to hold revolutionary opinions |
novas res moliri (Verr. 2. 125) | to plot a revolution |
contra rem publicam sentire | to foster revolutionary projects |
contra rem publicam facere | to be guilty of high treason |
a re publica deficere | to betray the interests of the state |
plebem concitare, sollicitare | to stir up the lower classes |
seditionem facere, concitare | to cause a rebellion |
seditio erumpit | a rebellion breaks out |
coniurare (inter se) de c. Gerund. or ut... | to form a conspiracy |
coniurationem facere (Catil. 2. 4. 6) | to form a conspiracy |
conspirare cum aliquo (contra aliquem) | to conspire with some one |
rem publicam labefactare | to shake the stability of the state |
rem publicam perturbare | to throw the state into confusion |
statum rei publicae convellere | to endanger the existence of the state |
rem publicam vexare | to damage the state |
rem publicam funditus evertere | to completely overthrow the government, the state |
omnes leges confundere | to upset the whole constitution |
omnia turbare ac miscere | to cause universal disorder |
perturbatio omnium rerum (Flacc. 37) | general confusion; anarchy |
omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8) | anarchy reigns supreme |
leges nullae | lawlessness; anarchy |
iudicia nulla | lawlessness; anarchy |
res fluit ad interregnum | things seem tending towards an interregnum |
non nullus odor est dictaturae (Att. 4. 18) | there are whispers of the appointment of a dictator |
tumultum sedare (B. C. 3. 18. 3) | to quell an outbreak |
concitatam multitudinem reprimere | to allay the excitement of the mob |
plebem continere | to hold the people in one's power, in check |
proscribere aliquem or alicuius possessiones | to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw |
aqua et igni interdicere alicui | to proscribe a person, declare him an outlaw |
in proscriptorum numerum referre aliquem (Rosc. Am. 11. 32) | to place a person's name on the list of the proscribed |
e proscriptorum numero eximere aliquem | to erase a person's name from the list of the proscribed |
bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54) | to confiscate a person's property |
bona alicui restituere | to restore to a person his confiscated property |
in exsilium eicere or expellere aliquem | to banish a person, send him into exile |
ex urbe (civitate) expellere, pellere aliquem | to banish a person, send him into exile |
de, e civitate aliquem eicere | to banish a person, send him into exile |
exterminare (ex) urbe, de civitate aliquem (Mil. 37. 101) | to expel a person from the city, country |
e patria exire iubere aliquem | to banish a man from his native land |
patria carere | to be in exile |
interdicere alicui Italiā | to banish a person from Italy |
aliquem exsilio afficere, multare | to punish by banishment |
in exsilium ire, pergere, proficisci | to go into exile |
exsulatum ire or abire | to go into exile |
solum vertere, mutare (Caecin. 34. 100) | to leave one's country (only used of exiles) |
exsulare (Div. 2. 24. 52) | to live in exile |
in exsilio esse, exsulem esse | to live in exile |
aliquem (in patriam) restituere | to recall from exile |
in patriam redire | to return from exile |
ante actarum (praeteritarum) rerum oblivio or simply oblivio | amnesty (ἀμνηρτία) |
omnem memoriam discordiarum oblivione sempiterna delere (Phil. 1. 1. 1) | to proclaim a general amnesty |
postliminium (De Or. 1. 40. 181) | a returning from exile to one's former privileges |
imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui | to confer supreme power on a person |
rem publicam alicui permittere | to give some one unlimited power in state affairs |
imperium tenere (in aliquem) | to have power over some one |
imperium obtinere | to maintain power, authority |
principatu deici (B. G. 7. 63) | to be deposed from one's leading position |
cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3) | to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium |
in imperio esse | to hold a high office (such as conferred imperium, i.e. consulatus, dictatura, praetura) |
imperium in annum prorogare | to prolong the command for a year |
imperium deponere (Rep. 2. 12. 23) | to lay down one's power |
imperium singulare | absolute power; autocracy |
dominari in aliquem | to have unlimited power over a person |
imperium, regnum, tyrannidem occupare | to take upon oneself absolute power |
rerum potiri | (1) to usurp supreme power, (2) to be in a position of power |
dominatio impotens | despotic, tyrannous rule |
potestas immoderata, infinita | despotic, tyrannous rule |
tyrannidem concupiscere | to aspire to a despotism |
tyrannidem sibi parere aliqua re | to establish oneself as despot, tyrant by some means |
regnum appetere (B. G. 7. 4) | to aspire to the sovereignty |
regnum adipisci | to obtain the sovereignty, kingly office |
alicui regnum deferre, tradere | to invest some one with royal power |
aliquem regem, tyrannum constituere | to establish some one as king, tyrant |
regem restituere | to restore a king to his throne (not in solium) |
aliquem in regnum restituere | to restore a king to his throne (not in solium) |
aliquem regno spoliare or expellere (Div. 1. 22. 74) | to depose a king |
regios spiritus sibi sumere | to assume a despotic tone |
servitute premi (Phil. 4. 1. 3) | to languish in slavery |
liberum populum servitute afficere | to enslave a free people |
aliquem in servitutem redigere | to reduce to slavery |
alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere | to lay the yoke of slavery on some one |
civitatem servitute oppressam tenere (Dom. 51. 131) | to keep the citizens in servile subjection |
libertatem populo eripere | to rob a people of its freedom |
populum liberum esse, libertate uti, sui iuris esse pati | to grant a people its independence |
aliquem in servitutem abducere, abstrahere | to carry off into slavery |
aliquem sub corona vendere (B. G. 3. 16) | to sell a prisoner of war as a slave |
iugum servitutis accipere | to submit to the yoke of slavery |
libertas, libertatis studium | independent spirit |
imperium oppugnare, percellere | to attack, overthrow a tyranny |
ad libertatem conclamare | to summon to liberty |
ad arma conclamare (Liv. 3. 50) | to call to arms |
vincula rumpere | to burst one's chains |
iugum servitutis excutere | to shake off the yoke of slavery |
iugum servile a cervicibus deicere (Phil. 1. 2. 6) | to shake off the yoke of slavery |
servitutem exuere (Liv. 34. 7) | to shake off the yoke of slavery |
iugum servile alicui demere | to deliver some one from slavery |
ab aliquo servitutem or servitutis iugum depellere | to deliver some one from slavery |
dominationem or dominatum refringere | to destroy a despotism, tyranny |
regios spiritus reprimere (Nep. Dion. 5. 5) | to destroy a despotism, tyranny |
libertatem recuperare | to recover liberty |
rem publicam in libertatem vindicare a or ex dominatione | to deliver the state from a tyranny |
vectigalia redimere, conducere | to farm the revenues |
vectigalia exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...) | to collect the taxes |
vectigalia exigere (acerbe) | to exact the taxes (with severity) |
pecuniam cogere a civitatibus | to extort money from the communities |
vectigalia, tributa pendere | to pay taxes |
immunis (tributorum) (Verr. 5. 21. 51) | exempt from taxation |
immunitatem omnium rerum habere | to enjoy absolute immunity |
vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere | to impose tribute on some one |
tributorum multitudine premi | to be crushed by numerous imposts |
ager publicus | public land; state domain |
agros assignare (Leg. Agr. 1. 6. 17) | to allot land |
pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redit | the public income from the mines |
avertere pecuniam (Verr. 2. 1. 4) | to embezzle money |
peculatum facere (Rab. Perd. 3. 8) | to embezzle money |
rem publicam quaestui habere | to enrich oneself at the expense of the state |
coloniam deducere in aliquem locum (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) | to found a colony somewhere |
colōnos mittere (Div. 1. 1. 3) | to send out colonists |
coloniam constituere (Leg. Agr. 1. 5. 16) | to found a colony |
provinciam alicui decernere, mandare | to entrust some one with an official duty, a province |
provincias sortiri (Liv. 38. 35) | to draw lots for the provinces |
alicui Syria (sorte) obvēnit, obtigit | the province of Syria has fallen to some one's lot |
provincias inter se comparant | (the magistrates) arrange among themselves the administration of the provinces, the offical spheres of duty |
in provinciam proficisci (Liv. 38. 35) | to set out for one's province |
provincias permutare | to exchange provinces |
provinciam administrare, obtinere | to manage, govern a province |
provinciam obire | to visit, traverse a province |
(de or ex) provincia decedere or simply decedere (vid. sect. II. 4, note Cf. especially...) | to leave a province (at the termination of one's term of office) |
Candidature | Election |
petere magistratum, honores | to seek office |
ambire aliquem (always with Acc. of person) | to solicit the vote or favour of some one |
nomen profiteri or simply profiteri | to become a candidate |
manus prensare (De Or. 1. 24. 112) | to shake hands with voters in canvassing |
nomina appellat (nomenclator) | the agent (nomenclator) mentions the names of constituents to the canvasser |
competītor (Brut. 30. 113) | a rival candidate |
multa (pauca) puncta in centuria (tribu) aliqua ferre | to obtain many (few) votes in a century or tribe |
centuriam, tribum ferre (Planc. 49) | to gain the vote of a century or tribe |
omnes centurias ferre or omnium suffragiis, cunctis centuriis creari | to be elected unanimously |
repulsam ferre consulatus (a populo) (Tusc. 5. 19. 54) | to fail in one's candidature for the consulship |
magistratus vitio creati | magistrates elected irregularly (i.e. either when the auspices have been unfavourable or when some formality has been neglected) |
sufficere aliquem in alicuius locum or alicui | to elect a man to fill the place of another who has died whilst in office |
alicui or in alicuius locum succedere | to succeed a person in an office |
alicui imperatori succedere | to succeed some one as general |
suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum) | to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis) |
continuare magistratum (Sall. Iug. 37. 2) | to continue one's office for another year |
continuare alicui magistratum | to prolong some one's office for another year |
prorogare alicui imperium (in annum) | to prolong a person's command |
magistratus et imperia (Sall. Iug. 3. 1) | civil and military offices |
inire magistratum | to enter into office |
munus administrare, gerere | to perform official duties |
munere fungi, muneri praeesse | to perform official duties |
honores alicui mandare, deferre | to invest a person with a position of dignity |
muneri aliquem praeficere, praeponere | to appoint some one to an office |
munus explere, sustinere | to fulfil the duties of one's position |
abdicare se magistratu (Div. 2. 35) | to resign one's post (before the expiry of the term of office) |
deponere magistratum | to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office) |
abire magistratu | to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office) |
de potestate decedere | to give up, lay down office (usually at the end of one's term of office) |
res ad interregnum venit or adducitur | an interregnum ensues |
abrogare alicui munus (Verr. 2. 57) | to remove a person from his office |
abrogare alicui imperium | to deprive a person of his position as commandant |
viri clari et honorati (De Sen. 7. 22) | men of rank and dignity |
honoribus ac reipublicae muneribus perfunctus (De Or. 1. 45) | a man who has held many offices |
amplis honoribus usus (Sall. Iug. 25. 4) | a man who has held many offices |
consulem creare | to elect a consul |
aliquem consulem declarare (Leg. Agr. 2. 2. 4) | to declare a person consul-elect |
aliquem consulem renuntiare (De Or. 2. 64. 260) | to offically proclaim (by the praeco, herald) a man elected consul; to return a man consul |
bis consul | twice consul |
iterum, tertium consul | consul for the second, third time |
sextum (Pis. 9. 20), septimum consul | consul for the sixth, seventh time |
videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4) | let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state |
in hoc praeclaro consulatu | during this brilliant consulship |
aetas consularis | the consular age (43 years) |
pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci | to go to Cilicia as pro-consul |
superiore consulatu | in his former consulship |
dictatorem dicere (creare) | to name a person dictator |
dictaturam gerere | to be dictator |
dictator dicit (legit) magistrum equitum | a dictator appoints a magister equitum |
potestatem habet in aliquem vitae necisque (B. G. 1. 16. 5) | he has power over life and death |
lictores summovent turbam (Liv. 4. 50) | the lictors clear the way |
fasces praeferre, summittere | to walk before with the fasces; to lower the fasces |
censores censent populum | the censors hold a census of the people |
censum habere, agere (Liv. 3. 22) | to hold the census |
censuram agere, gerere | to perform the censors' duties |
locare aedes, vias faciendas (Phil. 9. 7. 16) | to receive tenders for the construction of temples, highroads |
locare opera publica | to let out public works to contract |
redimere, conducere porticum aedificandam (Div. 2. 21. 47) | to undertake a contract for building a portico |
nota, animadversio censoria | the reprimand of a censor |
notare aliquem ignominia (Cluent. 43. 119) | to brand a person with infamy |
censu prohibere, excludere | to strike off the burgess-roll |
tribu movere aliquem | to expel some one from his tribe |
e senatu eicere | to expel from the senate |
senatu movere | to expel from the senate |
lustrum condere (Liv. 1. 44. 2) | to complete the censorship (by certain formal purificatory ceremonies = lustro faciendo) |
tribuni plebis sacrosancti (Liv. 3. 19. 10) | the plebeian tribunes, whose persons are inviolable |
appellare tribunos plebis (in aliqua re a praetore) (Liv. 2. 55) | to appeal to the plebeian tribunes against a praetor's decision |
provocare ad populum (Liv. 2. 55) | to appeal to the people |
intercessio tribunicia (cf. sect. XIV. 5) | the tribunicial veto |
publicum consilium (Phil. 7.7. 19) | the council of the nation; the senate |
in senatum legere, eligere | to elect to the senate |
senatum vocare, convocare | to call a meeting of the senate |
senatum cogere (Liv. 3. 39) | to assemble the senate |
edicere, ut senatus frequens adsit (Fam. 11. 6. 2) | to issue a proclamation calling on the senators to assemble in full force |
senatum habere | to hold a sitting of the senate |
ad senatum referre (Cic. Dom. 53. 136) | to bring a question before the senate (of the presiding magistrate) |
patres (senatum) consulere de aliqua re (Sall. Iug. 28) | to consult the senators on a matter |
sententiam rogare, interrogare | to ask the opinion of.. |
sententiam dicere | to give an opinion (also used of a judge, cf. sect. VI. 4) |
senatus sententia inclīnat ad... (De Sen. 6. 16) | the senate inclines to the opinion, decides for.. |
sententia vincit (Liv. 2. 4. 3) | the majority were of the opinion.. |
maior pars | the majority |
quid censes? quid tibi videtur? | what is your opinion? |
quid de ea re fieri placet? | what is your opinion? |
discessionem facere (Sest. 34. 74) | to take the vote (by division) |
discedere (pedibus), ire in alicuius sententiam (Liv. 23. 10) | to vote for some one's motion |
senatus decrevit (populusque iussit) ut | the senate decreed (and the people ratified the decree) that.. |
senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3) | a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made |
senatus auctoritas | the opinion of the senate in general |
senatum alicui dare (Q. Fr. 2. 11. 2) | to give a man audience before the senate |
a senatu res ad populum reicitur | a matter is referred (for decision) from the senate to the people |
dicendi mora diem extrahere, eximere, tollere | to pass the whole day in discussion |
dimittere senatum | to dismiss the senate |
nox senatum dirimit | night breaks up the sitting |
ius dicere | to administer justice (said of the praetor) |
ius reddere (Liv. 3. 33) | to administer justice (said of the praetor) |
ius suum persequi | to assert one's right |
ius suum adipisci (Liv. 1. 32. 10) | to obtain justice |
ius suum tenere, obtinere | to maintain one's right |
de iure suo decedere or cedere | to waive one's right |
(ex) iure, lege agere cum aliquo | to go to law with a person |
summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria) | to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour |
in ius, in iudicium vocare aliquem | to summon some one before the court |
diem dicere alicui | to summon some one to appear on a given day; to accuse a person |
in iudicium venire, in iudicio adesse | to appear in court |
iudicia administrare | to have charge of the administration of justice |
iudicium exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...) | to administer justice; to judge (used of criminal cases before the praetor) |
iudicio praeesse | to be president of a court |
conventus agere (B. G. 1. 54) | to convene the assizes (used of a provincial governor) |
quaestiones perpetuae (Brut. 27. 106) | the standing commissions of inquiry |
aliquem in integrum (vid. sect. V. 4, note The proper...) restituere | to reinstate a person in his right |
respondere (de iure or ius) | to give a legal opinion, decision on points of law |
cavere (in iure) (Off. 2. 65) | to point out what precautions, what formal steps must be taken to insure immunity |
agere | to be energetic in the conduct of the case; to plead before the judge |
aequum iudicem se alicui praebere | to judge some one equitably |
ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65) | justly and equitably |
iudex incorruptus | an impartial judge |
ratio iudiciorum | judicial organisation |
aequa iuris descriptio (Off. 2. 4. 15) | a sound judicial system |
aequo iure vivere cum aliquo | to live with some one on an equal footing |
iustitium indicere, edicere (Phil. 5. 12) | to proclaim that the courts are closed, a cessation of legal business |
iustitium remittere | to re-open the courts |
ius ad artem redigere | to reduce law to a system |
ius nullum | absence of justice |
ius ac fas omne delere | to trample all law under foot |
omnia iura pervertere | to trample all law under foot |
contra ius fasque | against all law, human and divine |
optimo iure | with full right |
ius praecipuum, beneficium, donum, also immunitas c. Gen. | prerogative, privilege |
aliquid, causam cognoscere | to hold an inquiry into a matter |
quaerere aliquid or de aliqua re | to hold an inquiry into a matter |
quaestionem habere de aliquo, de aliqua re or in aliquem | to examine a person, a matter |
quaestioni praeesse | to preside over an inquiry |
quaesītor | the examining judge |
incognita causa (cf. sect. XV. 3, indicta causa) | without any examination |
in tabulas publicas referre aliquid | to enter a thing in the public records |
deprehendere aliquem (in aliqua re) | to catch a person, find him out |
deprehendere aliquem in manifesto scelere | to take a person in the act |
testis gravis | an important witness |
testis locuples | a witness worthy of all credit |
testis incorruptus atque integer | an impartial witness |
aliquem testem alicuius rei (in aliquid) citare | to cite a person to give evidence on a matter |
aliquem testem adhibere | to use some one's evidence |
aliquo teste uti | to use some one's evidence |
aliquem testem dare, edere, proferre | to produce as a witness |
aliquem testem producere | to produce as a witness |
testem prodire (in aliquem) | to appear as witness against a person |
testimonium dicere pro aliquo | to give evidence on some one's behalf |
pro testimonio dicere | to state as evidence |
testibus teneri, convictum esse | to be convicted by some one's evidence |
alicui admovere tormenta | to have a person tortured |
quaerere tormentis de aliquo | to have a person tortured |
de servis quaerere (in dominum) | to examine slaves by torture |
cruciatūs tormentorum | the pains of torture |
aliquem a ceteris separare et in arcam conicere ne quis cum eo colloqui possit (Mil. 22. 60) | to isolate a witness |
causa privata | a civil case |
causa publica (Brut. 48. 178) | a criminal case |
causam alicuius agere (apud iudicem) | to conduct a person's case (said of an agent, solicitor) |
causam dicere, orare (Brut. 12. 47) | to address the court (of the advocate) |
causam dicere | to defend oneself before the judge (of the accused) |
causam dicere pro aliquo | to defend a person |
causam alicuius defendere | to conduct some one's defence in a case |
causam optimam habere (Lig. 4. 10) | to have a good case |
causam inferiorem dicendo reddere superiorem (λόγον κρείττω ποιειν) (Brut. 8. 30) | to gain a weak case by clever pleading |
patronus (causae) (De Or. 2. 69) | counsel; advocate |
causam suscipere | to undertake a case |
ad causam aggredi or accedere | to undertake a case |
indicta causa (opp. cognita causa) | without going to law |
litem alicui intendere | to go to law with, sue a person |
adhuc sub iudice lis est (Hor. A. P. 77) | the case is still undecided |
lites componere (Verg. Ecl. 3. 108) | to arrange a dispute (by arbitration) |
causam or litem obtinere | to win a case |
causā or iudicio vincere | to win a case |
causam or litem amittere, perdere | to lose one's case |
causā or lite cadere (owing to some informality) | to lose one's case |
calumniae litium (Mil. 27. 74) | chicanery (specially of wrongfully accusing an innocent man) |
accusatio (Cael. 3. 6) | a criminal accusation |
actio, petitio | a private, civil prosecution |
nomen alicuius deferre (apud praetorem) (Verr. 2. 38. 94) | to accuse, denounce a person |
referre in reos aliquem | to put some one on the list of the accused |
eximere de reis aliquem | to strike a person's name off the list of the accused |
aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54) | some one is accused |
iudices reicere (Verr. 3. 11. 28) | to challenge, reject jurymen |
crimina diluere, dissolvere | to refute charges |
accusare aliquem rei capitalis (rerum capitalium) | to charge some one with a capital offence |
caput alicuius agitur (vid. sect. V. 8) | a person's life is in jeopardy |
accusare aliquem peculatus, pecuniae publicae | to accuse some one of malversation, embezzlement of public money |
accusare aliquem falsarum tabularum | to accuse a person of forging the archives |
postulare aliquem repetundarum or de repetundis | to accuse a person of extortion (to recover the sums extorted) |
accusare aliquem perduellionis | to charge a person with treason (hostile conduct against the state generally) |
accusare aliquem maiestatis | to accuse a person of high treason (more specific than the preceding) |
accusare aliquem ambitus, de ambitu | to accuse some one of illegal canvassing |
accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis | to accuse a person of violence, poisoning |
accusare aliquem inter sicarios (Rosc. Am. 32. 90) | to accuse a person of assassination |
sententiae iudicum | the finding of the jury |
sententiam ferre, dicere (Off. 3. 16. 66) | to give sentence (of the judge, cf. sect. VI. 4, note Not...) |
iudicare causam (de aliqua re) | to decide on the conduct of the case |
iudicium rescindere | to rescind a decision |
res iudicatas rescindere (Cic. Sull. 22. 63) | to rescind a decision |
lege Plautia damnari (Sall. Cat. 31. 4) | to be condemned under the Lex Plautia |
in culpa esse | to be at fault; to blame; culpable |
culpa alicuius rei est in aliquo | some one is to blame in a matter; it is some one's fault |
mea culpa est | it is my fault |
culpa carere, vacare | to be free from blame |
extra culpam esse | to be free from blame |
abesse a culpa | to be free from blame |
prope abesse a culpa | to be almost culpable |
affinem esse culpae | to be almost culpable |
culpam in aliquem conferre, transferre, conicere | to put the blame on another |
culpam alicui attribuere, assignare | to attribute the fault to some one |
aliquid alicui crimini dare, vitio vertere (Verr. 5. 50) | to reproach, blame a person for.. |
culpam committere, contrahere | to commit some blameworthy action |
facinus, culpam in se admittere | to commit some blameworthy action |
non committere, ut... | to take care not to.. |
culpam alicuius rei sustinere | to bear the blame of a thing |
culpam a se amovere | to exonerate oneself from blame |
veniam dare alicui | to pardon a person |
poena afficere aliquem (Off. 2. 5. 18) | to punish some one |
animadvertere in aliquem | to punish some one |
punire aliquem | to punish some one |
ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re) | to punish some one |
poenas alicuius persequi | to exact a penalty from some one |
poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo | to exact a penalty from some one |
poenas expetere ab aliquo | to exact a penalty from some one |
supplicium sumere de aliquo | to exact a penalty from some one |
hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut... | to ordain as punishment that.. |
graviter consulere in aliquem (Liv. 8. 13) | to deal severely with a person |
poenas (graves) dare alicui | to be (heavily) punished by some one |
poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei) | to be punished by some one (on account of a thing) |
poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere | to suffer punishment |
poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre | to suffer punishment |
poenam luere (alicuius rei) (Sull. 27. 76) | to be punished for a thing, expiate it |
luere aliquid aliqua re (De Sen. 20) | to atone for something by.. |
poenam subire | to submit to a punishment |
pecunia multare aliquem | to condemn some one to a fine |
multam irrogare alicui (Cic. Dom. 17. 45) | to impose a fine (used of the prosecutor or the tribunus plebis proposing a fine to be ratified by the people) |
decem milibus aeris damnari | to be fined 10,000 asses |
in vincula (custodiam) dare aliquem | to put some one in irons, chains |
in vincula, in catenas conicere aliquem | to put some one in irons, chains |
in carcerem conicere aliquem | to throw some one into prison |
capitis or capite damnare aliquem | to condemn some one to death |
capitis absolvere aliquem | to repeal a death-sentence passed on a person |
supplicium alicui decernere, in aliquem constituere | to decree the penalty of death |
Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1) | Solon made it a capital offence to.. |
morte multare aliquem (Catil. 1. 11. 28) | to punish any one with death |
supplicium sumere de aliquo | to execute the death-sentence on a person |
supplicio (capitis) affici | to suffer capital punishment |
ad palum deligare (Liv. 2. 5) | to bind to the stake |
virgis caedere | to beat with rods |
securi percutere, ferire aliquem | to execute a person, cut off his head |
in crucem agere, tollere aliquem | to crucify |
cruci suffigere aliquem | to crucify |
impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid | to go unpunished |
impunitum aliquem dimittere | to let a person go scot-free |
mortem deprecari (B. G. 7. 40. 6) | to beg for life |
aetas militaris | military age |
qui arma ferre possunt or iuventus | men of military age |
qui per aetatem arma ferre non possunt or aetate ad bellum inutiles | men exempt from service owing to age |
exercitum conficere (Imp. Pomp. 21. 61) | to raise an army |
milites (exercitum) scribere, conscribere | to levy troops |
dilectum habere | to hold a levy |
imperare milites civitatibus | to compel communities to provide troops |
nomen (nomina) dare, profiteri | to enlist oneself |
ad nomen non respondere (Liv. 7. 4) | to fail to answer one's name |
militiam (only in the sing.) capessere | to take service in the army |
militiam detrectare, subterfugere | to try to avoid military service |
excusare morbum, valetudinem | to plead ill-health as an excuse for absence |
militiae vacationem habere | to be excused military duty |
equo, pedibus merere (Liv. 27. 11) | to serve in the cavalry, infantry |
sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...) | to take the military oath |
milites sacramento rogare, adigere | to make soldiers take the military oath |
evocare undique copias | to call up troops from all sides |
evocati, voluntarii (B. G. 5. 56) | the volunteers |
omnes ad arma convocare | to issue a general call to arms |
efficere duas legiones | to form two legions |
complere legiones (B. C. 1. 25) | to fill up the numbers of the legions |
supplementum cogere, scribere, legere | to levy recruits to fill up the strength |
auxilia arcessere | to summon auxiliary troops |
copias (arma) cum aliquo iungere or se cum aliquo iungere | to join forces with some one |
conducere, contrahere copias | to concentrate troops |
cogere omnes copias in unum locum | to concentrate all the troops at one point |
parare exercitum, copias | to equip an army, troops |
alere exercitum (Off. 1. 8. 25) | to support an army |
recensere, lustrare, recognoscere exercitum (Liv. 42. 31) | to review an army |
dimittere exercitum | to disband an army |
commeatum militibus dare (opp. petere) | to give furlough, leave of absence to soldiers |
magnae copiae (not multae) | a large force, many troops |
exiguae copiae (Fam. 3. 3. 2) | a small force |
ingens, maximus exercitus (not numerosus) | a numerous army |
robora peditum | the flower of the infantry |
milites levis armaturae | light infantry |
vetus miles, veteranus miles | veterans; experienced troops |
qui magnum in castris usum habent | veterans; experienced troops |
expeditus (opp. impeditus) miles | a soldier lightly armed, ready for battle |
exercitatus in armis | practised in arms |
milites tumultuarii (opp. exercitus iustus) (Liv. 35. 2) | soldiers collected in haste; irregulars |
tirones | recruits |
stipendium dare, numerare, persolvere militibus | to pay the troops |
stipendia facere, merere | to serve |
emeritis stipendiis (Sall. Iug. 84. 2) | after having completed one's service |
militia functum, perfunctum esse | to retire from service |
rude donatum esse (Phil. 2. 29) | to retire from service |
milites mercennarii or exercitus conducticius | mercenary troops |
rem frumentariam comparare, providere | to look after the commissariat |
rei frumentariae prospicere (B. G. 1. 23) | to look after the commissariat |
frumentum providere exercitui | to provide corn-supplies for the troops |
frumenti vim maximam comparare | to procure a very large supply of corn |
intercludere commeatum | to cut off the supplies, intercept them |
intercludere, prohibere hostes commeatu | to cut off all supplies of the enemy |
praeficere aliquem exercitui | to place some one at the head of an army, give him the command |
praeficere aliquem bello gerendo | to charge some one with the conduct of a war |
praeesse exercitui | to be at the head of an army |
magnum usum in re militari habere (Sest. 5. 12) | to possess great experience in military matters |
rei militaris rudem esse | to have had no experience in war |
vir fortissimus | a hero |
magnas res gerere | to perform heroic exploits |
res fortiter feliciterque gesta | a success; a glorious feat of arms |
res bene gesta | a success; a glorious feat of arms |
res gestae | exploits in war; brilliant actions |
summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7) | the command-in-chief |
cum imperio esse | to hold a high command |
imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28) | to be commander-in-chief |
imperii summae praeesse | to be commander-in-chief |
imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui | to appoint some one commander-in-chief |
imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit) | the command is transferred, passes to some one |
imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10) | to depose a person from his command |
modestia (opp. immodestia) | discipline (insubordination) |
dicto audientem esse alicui | to obey a person's orders |
milites disciplina coercere | to keep good discipline amongst one's men |
milites coercere et in officio continere (B. C. 1. 67. 4) | to keep good discipline amongst one's men |
arma capere, sumere | to take up one's arms |
arma expedire (Tusc. 2. 16. 37) | to make ready for battle |
galeam induere | to put on one's helmet |
armis (castris) exuere aliquem | to disarm a person |
arma ponere (not deponere) | to pile arms (cf. sect. XII. 3, note vestem deponere...) |
ab armis discedere (Phil. 11. 33) | to lay down arms |
in armis esse | to be under arms |
cum telo esse | to be armed |
extorquere arma e manibus | to wrest weapons from some one's hands |
res ad arma venit | matters have reached the fighting-stage |
tela iacere, conicere, mittere | to discharge missiles |
extra teli iactum, coniectum esse | to be out of range |
ad teli coniectum venire (Liv. 2. 31) | to come within javelin-range |
se obicere telis | to expose oneself to missiles |
eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti | to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters |
gladium educere (e vagīna) | to draw one's sword (from the scabbard) |
gladium in vaginam recondere | to sheath one's sword |
gladium stringere, destringere | to draw one's sword |
gladium alicui in pectus infigere | to plunge one's sword in some one's breast |
gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46) | to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword |
sicam, cultrum in corde alicuius defigere (Liv. 1. 58) | to plunge a dagger, knife in some one's heart |
decurrere (in armis) | to manœuvre |
vi et armis | by force of arms |
bellum parare | to make preparations for war |
apparatus (rare in plur.) belli | preparations for war; war-material |
bellum indīcere, denuntiare | to make formal declaration of war |
res repetere (ab aliquo) (Off. 1. 11. 36) | to demand satisfaction, restitution |
res reddere (alicui) (cf. sect. V. 11) | to make restitution |
bellum iustum (pium) | a regular, formal war |
bellum intestinum, domesticum (opp. bellum externum) | a civil war |
bellum facere, movere, excitare | to cause a war |
bellum conflare (Fam. 5. 2. 8) | to kindle a war |
bellum moliri | to meditate war |
bellum incipere, belli initium facere (B. G. 7. 1. 5) | to commence hostilities |
bello se interponere (Liv. 35. 48) | to interfere in a war |
bello implicari | to be involved in a war |
bellum cum aliquo inire | to begin a war with some one |
bellum impendet, imminet, instat | a war is imminent |
bellum oritur, exardescit | war breaks out |
omnia bello flagrant or ardent (Fam. 4. 1. 2) | everywhere the torch of war is flaming |
bellum gerere cum aliquo | to make war on a person |
bellum coniungere (Imp. Pomp. 9. 26) | to wage war in conjunction with some one |
bellum ducere, trahere, extrahere | to protract, prolong a war |
omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere | to carry on a war energetically |
bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3) | to invade |
bellum or arma ultro inferre | to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive |
bellum (inlatum) defendere | to act on the defensive |
proficisci ad bellum, in expeditionem (Sall. Iug. 103) | to go to war, commence a campaign |
mittere ad bellum | to send to the war |
bellum administrare | to have the control of the war |
bello persequi aliquem, lacessere | to harass with war |
belli finem facere, bellum finire | to put an end to war |
bellum conficere, perficere | to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents) |
bellum componere (Fam. 10. 33) | to terminate a war (by a treaty, etc.) |
bellum transferre alio, in... | to transfer the seat of war elsewhere |
belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31) | the seat of war, theatre of operations |
rationem belli gerendi mutare (Liv. 32. 31) | to change one's tactics |
agmen medium (Liv. 10. 41) | the centre of the marching column |
agmen primum | the vanguard |
agmen novissimum (extremum) | the rearguard |
agmen claudere, cogere | to bring up the rear |
signa ferre, tollere | to begin the march, break up the camp |
castra movere | to begin the march, break up the camp |
agmen agere | to set the army in motion |
procedere cum exercitu | to advance with the army |
magnis itineribus (Sall. Iug. 37) | by forced marches |
quam maximis itineribus (potest) | by the longest possible forced marches |
citatum agmen rapere | to lead the army with forced marches |
raptim agmen ducere | to lead the army with forced marches |
citato gradu incedere (cf. sect. II. 5) | to advance rapidly |
loca, regiones, loci naturam explorare | to reconnoitre the ground |
iter facere | to march |
iter conficere (B. C. 1. 70) | to traverse a route |
iter maturare, accelerare | to quicken the pace of marching |
iter continuare (B. C. 3. 11) | to march without interruption |
iter non intermittere | not to interrupt the march |
iter flectere, convertere, avertere | to deviate, change the direction |
signa convertere (B. G. 1. 25) | to deviate, change the direction |
averso itinere contendere in... | to change one's route and march towards.. |
iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3) | to force a way, a passage |
agmen, exercitum demittere in... | to march down on to.. |
exercitum admovere, adducere ad... | to advance on.. |
signa sequi (opp. a signis discedere, signa relinquere) | to follow the standards |
ordines servare (B. G. 4. 26) | to keep the ranks |
confertis, solutis ordinibus | with close ranks; with ranks in disorder |
raris ordinibus | in open order |
ordines turbare, perrumpere | to break the ranks |
agmine quadrato incedere, ire | to march with closed ranks, in order of battle |
agmine duplici, triplici | in two, three columns |
novissimos premere | to press the rearguard |
novissimos turbare | to throw the rearguard into confusion |
novissimos carpere | to harass the rear |
novissimis praesidio esse | to protect the troops in the rear |
opprimere hostes (imprudentes, incautos, inopinantes) | to surprise and defeat the enemy |
subsistere, consistere | to halt |
gradum sistere | to halt |
capere, occupare locum | to occupy a position (with troops) |
occupare loca superiora | to occupy the high ground |
praeoccupare locum (Liv. 35. 27) | to occupy a place beforehand |
tenere montem (B. G. 1. 22) | to hold a mountain |
consistere in monte | to take up one's position on a mountain |
considere sub monte (sub montis radicibus) | to occupy the foot of a hill |
praesidiis firmare urbem | to garrison a town |
praesidium collocare in urbe | to garrison a town |
praesidia, custodias disponere | to station posts, pickets, at intervals |
vigilias crebras ponere (Sall. Iug. 45. 2) | to place a close line of sentry-posts |
castra stativa (Sall. Iug. 44) | a permanent camp |
castra hiberna, aestiva | winter-quarters, summer-quarters |
castra ponere, locare | to encamp |
idoneo, aequo, suo (opp. iniquo) loco | in a favourable position |
castra metari (B. C. 3. 13) | to mark out a camp |
milites in hibernis collocare, in hiberna deducere | to take the troops to their winter-quarters |
castra munire | to make a fortified, entrenched camp |
castra munire vallo (aggere) | to fortify the camp with a rampart |
fossam ducere | to make a ditch, a fosse |
vallum iacere, exstruere, facere | to raise a rampart, earthwork |
castra praesidiis firmare | to strengthen the camp by outposts |
praesidio castris milites relinquere | to leave troops to guard the camp |
castra coniungere, iungere (B. C. 1. 63) | to make a camp in common |
castra nudare (B. G. 7. 70) | to leave the camp undefended |
cohors, quae in statione est | the cohort on guard-duty |
vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43) | to mount guard in the camp |
custodias agere in vallo | to keep watch on the rampart |
stationes agere pro portis | to be on duty before the gates |
circumvenire vigilias (Sall. Iug. 45. 2) | to make the round of the sentries |
tesseram dare (Liv. 28. 14) | to give the watchword, countersign |
copias castris continere | to keep the troops in camp |
se (quietum) tenere castris | to remain inactive in camp |
excursionem in hostium agros facere | to make an inroad into hostile territory |
praedatum ire | to go in search of plunder, booty |
ferre atque agere praedam | to carry off booty |
capere equos | to capture horses |
lignatum, aquatum ire | to go to fetch wood, water |
pabulatum, frumentatum ire | to forage |
pabulatione premi (B. C. 1. 78) | to suffer from want of forage |
omnia ferro ignique, ferro atque igni or ferro flammaque vastare | to ravage with fire and sword |
classicum or tuba canit ad praetorium | the bugle, trumpet sounds before the general's tent |
vasa conclamare (B. C. 3. 37) | to give the signal for breaking up the camp, collecting baggage |
vasa colligere (Liv. 21. 47) | to pack the baggage (for marching) |
signa convellere (vid. sect. XVI. 6, note signa...) | to pluck up the standards out of the ground (to begin the march) |
consilium habere, convocare | to hold a council of war |
rem ad consilium deferre | to refer a matter to a council of war |
oppidum natura loci munitum (B. G. 1. 38) | a town with a strong natural position |
oppidum manu (opere) munitum | a town artificially fortified |
oppidum obsidere | to besiege a city |
oppidum obsidione claudere | to besiege a city |
oppidum in obsidione tenere | to keep a town in a state of siege |
oppidum fame domare | to starve a town into surrender |
oppidum oppugnare | to storm a town |
oppidum cingere vallo et fossa | to surround a town with a rampart and fosse |
opera facere | to raise siege-works |
vineas agere (B. G. 3. 21) | to advance pent-houses, mantlets |
turres instituere, exstruere | to raise towers |
testudine facta moenia subire (B. G. 2. 6) | to advance to the walls protected by a covering of shields |
scalas admovere (B. C. 3. 63) | to apply scaling-ladders |
positis scalis muros ascendere | to scale the walls by means of ladders |
aries murum attingit, percutit | the battering-ram strikes the wall |
iter ruina patefactum | a breach |
patentia ruinis (vid. XII. 1, note ruina...) | a breach |
cuniculos agere (B. G. 3. 21) | to make mines, subterraneous passages |
oppidum tormentis verberare | to rain missiles on a town, bombard it |
tela ingerere, conicere | to discharge showers of missiles |
murum nudare defensoribus | to drive the defenders from the walls |
eruptionem facere ex oppido | to make a sally, sortie from the town |
crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30) | to make a sally, sortie from the town |
ignem inferre operibus (B. C. 2. 14) | to set fire to the siege-works |
subsidium alicui summittere | to send relief to some one |
munitiones perrumpere | to break through the lines (and relieve a town) |
urbis obsidionem liberare | to raise a siege (used of the army of relief) |
oppidum obsidione liberare | to raise a siege (used of the army of relief) |
obsidionem quattuor menses sustinere | to hold out for four months |
oppugnationem, obsidionem relinquere | to give up an assault, a siege |
portas obstruere (B. G. 5. 50) | to barricade the gates |
portas refringere | to break down the gates |
claustra portarum revellere | to break down the gates |
in oppidum irrumpere | to break into the town |
in oppidum irruptionem facere | to break into the town |
oppidum capere, expugnare | to take, storm a town |
oppidum recipere | to retake a town |
oppidum incendere | to fire a town |
oppidum diripere | to plunder a town |
oppidum evertere, excīdere | to completely destroy a town |
oppidum solo aequare | to raze a town to the ground |
deditione facta (Sall. Iug. 26) | after capitulation |
arma tradere | to surrender weapons |
salutem petere a victore | to beg for mercy from the conqueror |
se suaque omnia dedere victori | to give up one's person and all one's possessions to the conqueror |
se suaque omnia permittere victoris potestati | to give up one's person and all one's possessions to the conqueror |
se permittere in fidem atque in potestatem alicuius (B. G. 2. 3) | to surrender oneself to the discretion of some one |
in fidem recipere aliquem (Fam. 13. 16) | to deal mercifully with some one |
libera corpora sub corona (hasta) veneunt (B. G. 3. 16. 4) | the free men are sold as slaves |
cum uxoribus et liberis | with wife and child |
aliquem (incolumem) conservare | to grant a man his life |
potestatem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere | to offer battle to the enemy |
potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...) | to accept battle |
proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare | to provoke the enemy to battle |
pugnam detrectare (Liv. 3. 60) | to decline battle |
supersedere proelio | to refrain from fighting |
hostem e manibus non dimittere | to not let the enemy escape |
locum ad pugnam idoneum deligere | to choose suitable ground for an engagement |
diem pugnae constituere (B. G. 3. 24) | to fix a day for the engagement |
signum proelii (committendi) exposcere (B. G. 7. 19) | to demand loudly the signal to engage |
signum proelii dare | to give the signal to engage |
vexillum proponere (Liv. 22. 3) | to fix the ensign on the general's tent (as a signal to commence the engagement) |
ad arma concurrere | to rush to arms |
exercitum educere or producere in aciem | to lead the army to the fight |
ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...) | to have recourse to force of arms |
in certamen descendere | to engage in the fight |
in aciem descendere (Liv. 8. 8) | to enter the field of battle |
aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere | to draw up forces in battle-order |
aciem triplicem instruere (B. G. 1. 24) | to draw up the army in three lines |
aciem explicare or dilatare | to extend the line of battle, deploy the battalions |
media acies | the centre |
subsidia collocare | to station reserve troops |
equites ad latera disponere (B. G. 6. 8) | to place the cavalry on the wings |
contionari apud milites (B. C. 1. 7) | to harangue the soldiers |
contionem habere apud milites | to harangue the soldiers |
ad virtutem excitare, cohortari (or simply adhortari, cohortari) | to incite to valour |
animos militum confirmare (B. G. 5. 49) | to encourage, embolden the soldiery |
proelium committere | (1) to begin the battle, (2) to give battle |
proelium inire (Liv. 2. 14) | to engage |
proelium facere | to give battle |
proelio equestri contendere | to give battle with a cavalry-division |
proelium equestre facere | to give battle with a cavalry-division |
proelium facere secundum | to fight successfully |
proeliis secundis uti | to fight successfully |
rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...) | to win, lose a fight (of the commander) |
proelium intermittere | to interrupt the battle |
proelium dirimere (B. C. 1. 40) | to break off the fight |
proelium restituere | to renew the battle with success |
proelium renovare, redintegrare | to begin the fight again |
proelium deserere | to give up the fight |
proelio, armis decertare (B. G. 1. 50) | to fight a decisive battle |
acie (armis, ferro) decernere | to fight a pitched battle |
in acie dimicare | to fight a pitched battle |
proelio interesse | to take part in the engagement |
ex equo pugnare | to fight on horseback |
certamen singulare | single combat |
povocare aliquem ad certamen singulare | to challenge some one to single combat |
proelium cruentum, atrox | a bloody battle |
proelium iustum (opp. tumultuarium) | a pitched battle |
classicum canit (B. C. 3. 82) | the trumpet sounds for the attack |
gradum inferre in hostem | to march on the enemy |
aggredi hostem | to attack the enemy |
invadere, impetum facere in hostem | to attack the enemy |
signa inferre in hostem | to attack the enemy |
impetum sustinere (B. G. 1. 26) | to resist the attack, onset |
impetum excipere (Liv. 6. 12) | to parry the attack |
in medios hostes se inicere | to rush into the midst of the foe |
per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere | to break through the enemy's centre |
manum (us) conserere cum hoste | to come to close quarters |
signa conferre cum hoste | to come to close quarters |
proelio concurritur (Sall. Iug. 59) | the lines charge in battle one on another |
adversis hostibus occurrere | to attack the enemy in the front |
aversos hostes aggredi | to attack the enemy in the rear |
hostes a tergo adoriri | to attack the enemy in the rear |
iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4) | to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy |
acies inclīnat or inclīnatur (Liv. 7. 33) | the line of battle gives way |
proelium anceps est | the issue of the battle is undecided |
ancipiti Marte pugnatur | the issue of the battle is undecided |
diu anceps stetit pugna | the issue of the day was for a long time uncertain |
res est in periculo, in summo discrimine | the position is critical |
res ad triarios redit (Liv. 8. 8) | the triarii must now fight (proverbially = we are reduced to extremities) |
collatis signis (viribus) pugnare | to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters |
tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2) | a hand-to-hand engagement ensued |
collato pede (Liv. 6. 12) | hand to hand |
gladio comminus (opp. eminus) rem gerere | to fight with swords at close quarters |
omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere | to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword |
res ad gladios vēnit | swords must now decide the day |
res gladiis geri coepta est | swords must now decide the day |
strictis gladiis in hostem ferri | to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword |
res ad manus venit | the fighting is now at close quarters |
laxatis (opp. confertis) ordinibus pugnare | to fight in open order |
ferarum ritu pugnare | to fight like lions |
manu fortis | personally brave |
in latus hostium incurrere | to fall upon the enemy's flank |
circumvenire hostem aversum or a tergo (B. G. 2. 26) | to surround the enemy from the rear |
multitudine hostium cingi | to be surrounded by the superior force of the enemy |
equitatu superiorem esse | to have the advantage in cavalry |
parem (opp. imparem) esse hosti | to be a match for the enemy |
orbem facere (Sall. Iug. 97. 5) | to form a square |
in orbem consistere | to form a square |
cuneum facere (Liv. 22. 47) | to draw up troops in a wedge-formation |
phalangem facere (B. G. 1. 24) | to form a phalanx |
phalangem perfringere | to break through the phalanx |
subsidia summittere | to send up reserves |
integros defatigatis summittere | to send fresh troops to take the place of those wearied with fighting |
rari dispersique pugnare (B. C. 1. 44) | to fight in skirmishing order |
integri et recentes defatigatis succedunt | fresh troops relieve the tired men |
pellere hostem | to repulse the enemy |
acies hostium impellitur | the enemy's line is repulsed |
loco movere, depellere, deicere hostem (B. G. 7. 51) | to drive the enemy from his position |
summovere or reicere hostium equites | to repel the attack of the enemy's cavalry |
repellere, propulsare hostem | to repulse an attack |
undique premi, urgeri (B. G. 2. 26) | to be pressed on all sides |
prosternere, profligare hostem | to rout the enemy |
signa receptui canunt | the retreat is sounded |
receptui canitur (B. G. 7. 47) | the retreat is sounded |
pedem referre | to retire (without turning one's back on the enemy) |
equitatus tutum receptum dat | the cavalry covers the retreat |
se recipere (B. G. 7. 20) | to withdraw one's forces |
loco excedere | to abandon one's position |
in fugam dare, conicere hostem | to put the enemy to flight |
fugare hostem | to put the enemy to flight |
fundere hostium copias | to rout the enemy's forces |
caedere et fundere hostem | to utterly rout the enemy |
fundere et fugare hostem | to utterly rout the enemy |
prae se agere hostem | to drive the enemy before one |
fugam facere (Sall. Iug. 53) | (1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight |
terga vertere or dare | to flee, run away |
terga dare hosti | to run away from the enemy |
fugae se mandare (B. G. 2. 24) | to take to flight |
fugam capessere, capere | to take to flight |
se dare in fugam, fugae | to take to flight |
se conicere, se conferre in fugam | to take to flight |
fuga salutem petere | to seek safety in flight |
fuga effusa, praeceps (Liv. 30. 5) | headlong flight |
pecorum modo fugere (Liv. 40. 27) | to flee like deer, sheep |
arma abicere | to throw away one's arms |
praecipitem se fugae mandare | to flee headlong |
ex (in) fuga dissipati or dispersi (B. G. 2. 24) | soldiers routed and dispersed |
hostes insequi, prosequi | to pursue the enemy |
hostes (fusos) persequi | to follow up and harass the enemy when in flight |
hostes assequi, consequi | to overtake the enemy |
fugientibus instare | to press the fugitives |
tergis hostium inhaerere | to be on the heels of the enemy |
fugam hostium reprimere (B. G. 3. 14) | to bring the flying enemy to a stand |
excipere aliquem fugientem | to cut off some one's flight |
magna caedes hostium fugientium facta est | there was great slaughter of fugitives |
capere aliquem vivum | to take a person alive |
effugere, elābi e manibus hostium | to escape from the hands of the enemy |
dimittere e manibus hostes | to let the enemy escape |
eripere aliquem e manibus hostium | to rescue some one from the hands of the enemy |
se fuga recipere (B. G. 1. 11) | to save oneself by flight |
proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere | to be defeated in fight, lose the battle |
cladem hostibus afferre, inferre | to inflict a defeat on the enemy |
cladem accipere | to suffer a defeat |
ingentem caedem edere (Liv. 5. 13) | to cause great slaughter, carnage |
stragem edere, facere | to massacre |
omnia strata sunt ferro | all have perished by the sword |
hostes, exercitum delere, concīdere | to annihilate, cut up the enemy, an army |
hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26) | to absolutely annihilate the enemy |
hostium copias occidione occīdere (Liv. 2. 51) | to absolutely annihilate the enemy |
vulnus infligere alicui | to wound a person (also used metaphorically) |
mortiferam plagam alicui infligere | to inflict a mortal wound on some one |
vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere | to be (seriously, mortally) wounded |
multis et illatis et acceptis vulneribus (B. G. 1. 50) | after many had been wounded on both sides |
vulneribus confectus | weakened by wounds |
vulnera (cicatrices) adversa (opp. aversa) | wounds (scars) on the breast |
vulnera adverso corpore accepta | wounds (scars) on the breast |
refricare vulnus, cicatricem obductam | to open an old wound |
ex vulnere mori (Fam. 10. 33) | to die of wounds |
magno cum detrimento | with great loss |
nostri circiter centum ceciderunt | about a hundred of our men fell |
ad unum omnes perierunt | they perished to a man |
exercitus victor | the victorious army |
superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere | to come off victorious |
victoriam adipisci, parere | to gain a victory, win a battle |
victoriam ferre, referre | to gain a victory, win a battle |
proelio vincere | to gain a victory, win a battle |
victoriam reportare ab hoste | to gain a victory over the enemy |
victoriam praecipere (animo) (Liv. 10. 26) | to consider oneself already victor |
victoriam exploratam dimittere | to let a sure victory slip through one's hands |
sicut parta iam atque explorata victoria | as if the victory were already won |
victoriam conclamare (B. G. 5. 37) | to raise a shout of victory |
victoriam or de victoria gratulari alicui | to congratulate a person on his victory |
victoria multo sanguine ac vulneribus stetit (Liv. 23. 30) | the victory cost much blood and many wounds, was very dearly bought |
triumphare de aliquo (ex bellis) | to triumph over some one |
triumphum agere de or ex aliquo or c. Gen. (victoriae, pugnae) | to triumph over some one |
per triumphum (in triumpho) aliquem ducere | to lead some one in triumph |
triumphum senatus Africano decernit (Fin. 4. 9. 22) | the senate decrees to Africanus the honours of a triumph |
indutias facere (Phil. 8. 7) | to make a truce |
indutias violare | to break a truce |
ius gentium violare | to violate the law of nations |
agere cum aliquo de pace | to treat with some one about peace |
pacem conciliare (Fam. 10. 27) | to bring about a peace |
pacem facere cum aliquo | to make peace with some one |
pacem dirimere, frangere | to break the peace |
his condicionibus | on these terms |
pacis condiciones ferre (not proponere) | to propose terms of peace |
pacis condiciones dare, dicere alicui (Liv. 29. 12) | to dictate the terms of peace to some one |
pacis condiciones accipere, subire (opp. repudiare, respuere) | to accept the terms of the peace |
pax convenit in eam condicionem, ut... | peace is concluded on condition that.. |
summa pax | deep peace |
captivos permutare, commutare | to exchange prisoners |
captivos redimere (Off. 2. 18) | to ransom prisoners |
captivos sine pretio reddere | to restore prisoners without ransom |
obsides dare | to give hostages |
obsides civitatibus imperare | to compel communities to provide hostages |
pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40) | to conclude a treaty with some one |
ex pacto, ex foedere | according to treaty |
foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire | to conclude a treaty, an alliance |
foedus frangere, rumpere, violare | to violate a treaty, terms of alliance |
socium aliquem asciscere (B. G. 1. 5) | to make some one one's ally |
in amicitia populi Romani esse (Liv. 22. 37) | to be on friendly terms with the Roman people |
a senatu amicus appellatus est (B. G. 1. 3) | he received from the senate the title of friend |
terra potiri | to conquer a country |
terram suae dicionis facere | to reduce a country to subjection to oneself |
populum in potestatem suam redigere (B. G. 2. 34) | to reduce a country to subjection to oneself |
populum in deditionem venire cogere | to reduce a country to subjection to oneself |
populum in deditionem accipere | to accept the submission of a people |
populum perdomare, subigere | to subjugate a nation |
populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself) | to make oneself master of a people, country |
se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui) | to make one's submission to some one |
in deditionem venire (without alicui) | to make one's submission to some one |
in alicuius potestatem se permittere | to make one's submission to some one |
sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse | to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion |
subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui) | to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion |
in potestate, in dicione alicuius esse | to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion |
qui imperio subiecti sunt | subjects |
aliquem ad officium (cf. sect. X. 7, note officium...) reducere (Nep. Dat. 2. 3) | to reduce a people to their former obedience |
aliquem in officio continere | to keep some one in subjection |
in officio manere, permanere | to remain in subjection |
Asiam in provinciae formam (in provinciam) redigere (B. G. 1. 45) | to make Asia into a Roman province |
Asia populi Romani facta est | Asia was made subject to Rome |
gentem ad internecionem redigere or adducere (B. G. 2. 28) | to completely annihilate a nation |
navis actuaria | a cutter |
navis longa | a man-of-war |
navis oneraria | a transport or cargo-boat |
navis mercatoria | a merchantman |
oppidum maritimum | a seaport town |
navibus plurimum posse | to have a powerful navy |
rebus maritimis multum valere | to have a powerful navy |
navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere | to build a ship, a fleet |
navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere | to equip a boat, a fleet |
navem deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) | to launch a boat |
navem subducere (in aridum) | to haul up a boat |
navem reficere | to repair a boat |
navem conscendere, ascendere | to embark |
exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19) | to embark an army |
milites in terram, in terra exponere | to disembark troops |
classiarii (B. C. 3. 100) | marines |
nautae, remiges | sailors, rowers |
vectores (Phil. 7. 9. 27) | passengers |
naves annotinae | ships of last year |
solvere (B. G. 4. 28) | to weigh anchor, sail |
navem (naves) solvere | to weigh anchor, sail |
ancoram (ancoras) tollere | to weigh anchor, sail |
naves ex portu solvunt | the ships sail from the harbour |
malacia et tranquillitas (B. G. 3. 15) | a dead calm |
vela in altum dare (Liv. 25. 27) | to put to sea |
ventum (tempestatem) nancti idoneum ex portu exeunt | the ships sail out on a fair wind |
vela facere, pandere | to set the sails |
vela dare | to set the sails |
vela contrahere (also metaph.) | to furl the sails |
oram legere (Liv. 21. 51) | to hug the coast |
superare insulam, promunturium | to double an island, cape |
ventis reflantibus (Tusc. 1. 49) | with the wind against one |
cursum dirigere aliquo | to set one's course for a place |
cursum tenere (opp. commutare and deferri) | to hold on one's course |
cursum conficere (Att. 5. 12. 1) | to finish one's voyage |
gubernaculum tractare | to steer |
clavum tenere | to steer |
navem remis agere or propellere | to row |
remis contendere | to row hard |
navem remis concitare, incitare | to row hard |
sustinere, inhibere remos (De Or. 1. 33) | to stop rowing; to easy |
navem retro inhibere (Att. 13. 21) | to back water |
naufragium facere | to be shipwrecked |
navis ad scopulos alliditur (B. C. 3. 27) | the ship strikes on the rocks |
vento se dare | to run before the wind |
in litus eici (B. G. 5. 10) | to be stranded |
deferri, deici aliquo | to be driven out of one's course; to drift |
tempestate abripi | to be driven out of one's course; to drift |
procella (tempestas) aliquem ex alto ad ignotas terras (oras) defert | the storm drives some one on an unknown coast |
naufragium colligere (Sest. 6. 15) | to collect the wreckage |
appellere navem (ad terram, litus) | to land (of people) |
appelli (ad oram) (Att. 13. 21) | to land (of ships) |
ancoras iacere | to drop anchor |
ancoras tollere | to weigh anchor |
naves ad ancoras deligare (B. G. 4. 29) | to make fast boats to anchors |
naves (classem) constituere (in alto) | to make fast boats to anchors |
ad ancoram consistere | to ride at anchor |
ad ancoras deligari | to ride at anchor |
in ancoris esse, stare, consistere | to ride at anchor |
exire ex, de navi | to land, disembark |
exire, egredi in terram | to land, disembark |
escensionem facere (of troops) | to land, disembark |
portu, terra prohiberi (B. C. 3. 15) | to be unable to land |
litora ac portus custodia clausos tenere | to keep the coast and harbours in a state of blockade |
deperire | to founder, go down |
aestu incitato | at high tide |
navis praetoria (Liv. 21. 49) | the admiral's ship; the flagship |
pugnam navalem facere | to fight a battle at sea |
navem expedire | to clear for action |
navem rostro percutere | to charge, ram a boat |
navem expugnare | to board and capture a boat |
navem, classem deprimere, mergere | to sink a ship, a fleet |
classes concurrunt (Liv. 26. 39) | the fleets charge |
copulas, manus ferreas (in navem) inicere | to throw grappling irons on board; to board |
in navem (hostium) transcendere | to throw grappling irons on board; to board |
navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere | to capture a boat |
vela armamentaque | sails and rigging |
ex eo navium concursu magnum incommodum est acceptum | much damage was done by this collision |
navigia speculatoria | reconnoitring-vessels |
ut ait Cicero (always in this order) | as Cicero says |
ut Ciceronis verbis utar | to use Cicero's expression; to say with Cicero (not ut cum Cicerone loquar) |
ut ita dicam | so to speak (used to modify a figurative expression) |
ut non (nihil) dicam de... | not to mention.. |
ut plura non dicam | to say nothing further on.. |
ne dicam | not to say... (used in avoiding a stronger expression) |
ne (quid) gravius dicam | to say the least.. |
ut breviter dicam | to put it briefly |
denique | in short; to be brief |
ne multa, quid plura? sed quid opus est plura? | in short; to be brief |
ut paucis (rem) absolvam | in short; to be brief |
ut paucis (brevi, breviter) complectar | in short; to be brief |
ut brevi comprehendam | in short; to be brief |
ut brevi praecīdam | in short; to be brief |
ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam | to sum up.. |
ne longum sit | not to be prolix |
ne longus, multus sim | not to be prolix |
ne diutius vos demorer | not to be prolix |
ne in re nota et pervulgata multus sim | not to be diffuse on such a well-known subject |
ut levissime dicam (opp. ut gravissimo verbo utar) | to use the mildest expression |
ut planius dicam | to express myself more plainly |
ut verius dicam | to put it more exactly |
ut semel or in perpetuum dicam | to say once for all |
ut in eodem simili verser | to use the same simile, illustration |
ut hoc utar or afferam | to use this example |
dicam quod sentio | I will give you my true opinion |
tantum or unum illud or hoc dico | I will only say this much.. |
non nego, non infitior | I do not deny |
hoc dici potest de aliqua re | this can be said of..., applies to.. |
hoc cadit in aliquid | this can be said of..., applies to.. |
hoc transferri potest in aliquid | this can be said of..., applies to.. |
dixi quasi praeteriens or in transitu | I said en passant, by the way |
sexcenties, millies dixi | I have said it a thousand times |
ut supra (opp. infra) diximus, dictum est | as I said above |
dici vix (non) potest or vix potest dici (vix like non always before potest) | I cannot find words for.. |
incredibile dictu est | it sounds incredible |
supersedeo oratione (not dicere) | I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon.. |
omitto dicere | I avoid mentioning...; I prefer not to touch upon.. |
haec habeo dicere or habeo quae dicam | this I have to say |
haec (fere) dixit | he spoke (very much) as follows |
hanc in sententiam dixit | the tenor of his speech was this.. |
mihi quaedam dicenda sunt de hac re | I have a few words to say on this |
quod vere praedicare possum | without wishing to boast, yet.. |
quod non arroganter dixerim | which I can say without offence, arrogance |
pace tua dixerim or dicere liceat | allow me to say |
bona (cum) venia tua dixerim | allow me to say |
non est huius loci c. Inf. | this is not the place to.. |
non est hic locus, ut... | this is not the place to.. |
sed de hoc alias pluribus | more of this another time |
atque or sed haec (quidem) hactenus | so much for this subject...; enough has been said on.. |
atque haec quidem de... | so much for this subject...; enough has been said on.. |
ac (sed) de ... satis dixi, dictum est | so much for this subject...; enough has been said on.. |
haec (quidem) ille | this much he said |
haec Ciceronis fere | this is very much what Cicero said |
atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est | there is this also to notice |
ad reliqua pergamus, progrediamur | to pass on |
hic (ille) locus obscurus est | this passage is obscure |
hoc in medio relinquamus | let us leave that undecided |
sed lābor longius | but that takes us too far |
non id ad vivum reseco (Lael. 5. 8) | I do not take that too strictly |
nonnulla praedīcam | I wish to say a few words in preface |
ut omittam c. Accus. | putting aside, except |
cum discessi, -eris, -eritis ab | putting aside, except |
praeter c. Accus. | putting aside, except |
ut praetermittam c. Acc. c. Inf. | to except the fact that.. |
praeterquam quod or nisi quod | to except the fact that.. |
hoc in promptu est | it is clear, evident |
hoc in aperto est | it is clear, evident |
hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius | this is as clear as daylight |
hoc facile intellegi potest | that is self-evident, goes without saying |
hoc per se intellegitur | that is self-evident, goes without saying |
hoc sua sponte appāret | that is self-evident, goes without saying |
ex quo intellegitur or intellegi potest, debet | from this it appears, is apparent |
ex quo perspicuum est | from this it appears, is apparent |
inde patet, appāret | from this it appears, is apparent |
apparet et exstat | it is quite manifest |
exstat atque eminet | it is quite manifest |
si quaeris, si verum quaerimus | to put it exactly |
id quod maximum, gravissimum est | the main point |
quod caput est | the main point |
quod maius est | what is more important |
testis est, testatur, declarat | this shows, proves.. |
documento, indicio est (without demonstr. pron. but cui rei documento, indicio est) | this shows, proves.. |
sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem | but this is not to the point |
aliquid (τι) dicis (opp. nihil dicis) | there is something in what you say; you are more or less right |
est istuc quidem aliquid | there is something in what you say; you are more or less right |
audio, fateor | I admit it, say on |
ain tu? | do you think so? are you in earnest? |
nonne? | is it not so? |
quorsum haec (dicis)? | what do you mean? |
male (opp. bene) narras (de) | I am sorry to hear.. |
monstra dicis, narras | it is incredible |
clarius loquere | speak up, please |
mihi crede (not crede mihi) | believe me |
per me licet | I have no objection |
rem acu tetigisti | you have hit the nail on the head |
ita prorsus existimo | that is exactly what I think |
ita res est | it is so |
res ita (aliter) se habet | the matter stands so (otherwise) |
nec mirum, minime mirum (id quidem), quid mirum? | no wonder |
neque id mirum est or videri debet | there is nothing strange in that |
et recte (iure, merito) | quite rightly |
et recte (iure) quidem | quite rightly |
recte, iure id quidem | quite rightly |
neque immerito (iniuria) | and rightly too |
neque id immerito (iniuria) | and rightly too |
meo (tuo, suo) iure | with perfect right |
iusto iure | with perfect right |
iustissime, rectissime | legitimately; with the fullest right |
optimo iure (cf. summo iure, sect. XV. 1). | legitimately; with the fullest right |
macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo) | good luck to you |
sed manum de tabula! | but enough! |